Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic characteristics of ketoprofen enantiomers after oral and intravenous administration in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) was written by Hunter, Robert P.;Isaza, Ramiro;Koch, David E.. And the article was included in American Journal of Veterinary Research in 2003.Application of 59960-32-6 This article mentions the following:
To assess oral bioavailability (F) and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the R- and S-enantiomers of ketoprofen administered IV and orally to captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Elephants received single treatments of racemic ketoprofen at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg, administered IV and orally, in a complete crossover design. Blood samples were collected at intervals during the 24 h following treatment. At least 4 wk elapsed between drug administrations. Samples were analyzed for R- and S-ketoprofen with a validated liquid chromatog.-mass spectroscopic assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by use of noncompartmental anal. The enantiomers of ketoprofen were absorbed well after oral administration, with median F of 101% for R-ketoprofen and 85% for S-ketoprofen. Harmonic mean half-life ranged from 3.8 to 5.5 h, depending on route of administration and enantiomer. The area under the concentration-time curve, mean residence time, apparent volume of distribution, plasma clearance, and maximum plasma concentration values were all significantly different between the 2 enantiomers for both routes of administration. Ketoprofen has a long terminal half-life and complete absorption in this species. Based on the pharmacokinetic data, a dosage of ketoprofen of 1 mg/kg every 48 h to 2 mg/kg every 24 h, PO or IV, is recommended for use in Asian elephants, although the safety and efficacy of ketoprofen during long-term administration in elephants have not been determined In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Application of 59960-32-6).
2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 59960-32-6
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