In vitro and in vivo biofilm formation by pathogenic streptococci was written by Chao, Yashuan;Bergenfelz, Caroline;Hakansson, Anders P.. And the article was included in Methods in Molecular Biology in 2017.Product Details of 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
This manuscript presents novel approaches to grow and evaluate Streptococcal biofilm formation using the human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) as the main model organism on biol. surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Most biofilm models are based on growth on abiotic surfaces, which is relevant for many pathogens whose growth on surfaces or medical devices is a major cause of disease transmission and infections, especially in hospital environments. However, most infections with commensal organisms require biofilm formation on biol. surfaces in the host at the site of colonization or infection. In vitro model systems incorporating biol. components from the host and taking into account the host environment of the infectious site are not well described. In a series of publications, we have shown that S. pneumoniae form complex biofilms in the nasopharynx of mice and have devised methodol. to evaluate the biofilm structure and function in this environment. We have also been able to recapitulate this biofilm phenotype in vitro by incorporating crucial factors associated with the host environment. Although the protocols presented in this manuscript are focused on S. pneumoniae, the same methodol. can and has been used for other Streptococcal species that form biofilms on mucosal surfaces. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Product Details of 65-22-5).
3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 65-22-5
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