Formula: C6H12OIn 2019 ,《Systematically Controlled Decomposition Mechanism in Phosphorus Flame Retardants by Precise Molecular Architecture: P-O vs P-N》 was published in ACS Applied Polymer Materials. The article was written by Markwart, Jens C.; Battig, Alexander; Zimmermann, Lisa; Wagner, Martin; Fischer, Jochen; Schartel, Bernhard; Wurm, Frederik R.. The article contains the following contents:
Flame retardants (FR) are inevitable additives to many plastics. Halogenated organics are effective FRs but are controversially discussed due to the release of toxic gases during a fire or their persistence if landfilled. Phosphorus-containing compounds are effective alternatives to halogenated FRs and have potential lower toxicity and degradability. In addition, nitrogen-containing additives were reported to induce synergistic effects with phosphorus-based FRs. However, no systematic study of the gradual variation on a single phosphorus FR containing both P-O and P-N moieties and their comparison to the resp. blends of phosphates and phosphoramides was reported. This study developed general design principles for P-O- and P-N-based FRs and will help to design effective FRs for various polymers. We synthesized a library of phosphorus FRs that only differ in their P-binding pattern from each other and studied their decomposition mechanism in epoxy resins. Systematic control over the decomposition pathways of phosphate (P=O(OR)3), phosphoramidate (P=O(OR)2(NHR)), phosphorodiamidate (P=O(OR)(NHR)2), phosphoramide (P=O(NHR)3), and their blends was identified, for example, by reducing cis-elimination and the formation of P-N-rich char with increasing nitrogen content in the P-binding sphere. Our FR epoxy resins can compete with com. FRs in most cases, but we proved that the blending of esters and amides outperformed the single-mol. amidates/diamidates due to distinctively different decomposition mechanisms acting synergistically when blended. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 5-Hexen-1-ol(cas: 821-41-0Formula: C6H12O)
5-Hexen-1-ol(cas: 821-41-0) is used in cyclization to a tetrahydropyran by phenylselenoetherification. It is also used as a building block in synthetic chemistry.Formula: C6H12O
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