Author: tianli

A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 5187-23-5, Name is (5-Ethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol, molecular formula is C7H14O3. In an article, author is Adams, Zachary W.,once mentioned of 5187-23-5, COA of Formula: C7H14O3.

Predictors of substance use in a clinical sample of youth seeking treatment for Trauma-related mental health problems

Child maltreatment and traumatic events are well established risk factors for adolescent substance use problems, but little is known about the unique contributions of etiological factors on trauma-exposed youths’ pre-treatment substance use in clinical settings. This study examined associations between substance use and risk and protective factors measured across multiple ecological levels among a unique sample of youth seeking treatment for trauma-related mental health problems in child advocacy centers. Participants were adolescents (N = 135; 85% female; 60% white, 31% black) aged 13-17 years (M = 15.4) with >= 1 experience of child maltreatment or other interpersonal violence, current substance use, and >= 5 PTSD symptoms. Youth and caregivers completed validated questionnaires and clinical interviews at a pre-treatment assessment in a randomized controlled trial of a treatment for co-occurring traumatic stress and substance use. Negative binomial regression models identified different patterns of risk and protective factors for alcohol and cannabis. Clinical implications of these results are discussed, including the potential targets for integrated psychotherapies that address co-occurring substance use and traumatic stress in youth.

Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 5187-23-5, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. COA of Formula: C7H14O3.

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Synthetic Route of 821-41-0, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 821-41-0, Name is 5-Hexen-1-ol, SMILES is C=CCCCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Streck, Joanna M., introduce new discover of the category.

Examining the effects of problematic alcohol use on cigarette abstinence in recently diagnosed cancer patients enrolled in a cessation trial: A secondary analysis

Aims: Among people with cancer, dual alcohol and tobacco use increases risk for morbidity and mortality. Most smoking cessation clinical trials with this patient population have excluded individuals with problematic alcohol use. This investigation examined whether problematic alcohol use affects smoking cessation in cancer patients. Methods: Mixed-methods secondary analysis of data from the Smokefree Support Study, a randomized-controlled trial examining the efficacy of Intensive (IT; n = 153) vs. Standard Treatment (ST; n = 150) for smoking cessation in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Problematic alcohol use was assessed at enrollment using the Cut-Down Annoyed-Guilty-Eye-Opener (CAGE), weekly frequency of alcohol use and binge drinking measures. Alcohol use was categorized as: no current alcohol use, moderate and problematic use. The primary outcome was biochemically-confirmed cigarette abstinence at 6-months. A subset of patients (n = 72) completed qualitative exit-interviews. Results: Among all participants, biochemically-confirmed cigarette abstinence rates were 25% (n = 32), 28% (n = 27), and 36% (n = 20) for participants reporting no current alcohol use, moderate use, and problematic use, respectively (p = 0.33). In logistic regression analysis, neither problematic alcohol use (AOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.35-2.67, p = .94) nor the problematic use by study arm interaction (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 0.59-8.39, p = .24) were associated with biochemically-confirmed 6-month abstinence. Qualitatively, participants reported that drinking alcohol triggers urges to smoke. Conclusion: Newly diagnosed cancer patients reporting problematic alcohol use were not less likely to quit smoking than those without. Additional research is needed to investigate whether problematic alcohol users may benefit from smoking and alcohol behavior change interventions at the time of cancer diagnosis.

Synthetic Route of 821-41-0, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 821-41-0 is helpful to your research.

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Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 124-76-5, Name is Isoborneol, SMILES is CC1(C)C2(C)CCC1CC2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Johansson, Linnea, introduce the new discover, Safety of Isoborneol.

Sourdough cultures as reservoirs of maltose-negative yeasts for low-alcohol beer brewing

De novo sourdough cultures were here assessed for their potential as sources of yeast strains for low-alcohol beer brewing. NGS analysis revealed an abundance of ascomycete yeasts, with some influence of grain type on fungal community composition. Ten different ascomycete yeast species were isolated from different sourdough types (including wheat, rye, and barley) and seven of these were screened for a number of brewing-relevant phenotypes. All seven were maltose-negative and produced less than 1% (v/v) alcohol from a 12 degrees Plato wort in initial fermentation trials. Strains were further screened for their bioflavouring potential (production of volatile aromas and phenolic notes, reduction of wort aldehydes), stress tolerance (temperature extremes, osmotic stress and ethanol tolerance) and flocculence. Based on these criteria, two species (Kazachstania servazzii and Pichia fermentans) were selected for 10 L-scale fermentation trials and sensory analysis of beers. The latter species was considered particularly suitable for production of low-alcohol wheat beers due to its production of the spice/clove aroma 4-vinylguaiacol, while the former showed potential for lager-style beers due to its clean flavour profile and tolerance to low temperature conditions.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 124-76-5 is helpful to your research. Safety of Isoborneol.

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Synthetic Route of 1606-85-5, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 1606-85-5, Name is 2,2-(But-2-yne-1,4-diylbis(oxy))diethanol, SMILES is OCCOCC#CCOCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Kroehnke, Joanna, introduce new discover of the category.

Osmotic dehydration and convective drying of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) – The influence of ultrasound on process kinetics and product quality

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of ultrasound on two subsequent processes – initial osmotic dehydration and convective drying of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). The effect of ultrasound (at a frequency of 25 kHz) was assessed both in terms of process kinetics and product quality. During the study, three different osmotic agents were used – erythritol, sorbitol, and sucrose – in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 50% (w/w). The essential kinetic parameters were analyzed – water loss and increase of dry matter during osmotic dehydration, and evolution of moisture content and temperature of samples during convective drying (drying curves). Product quality was assessed on the basis of color, water activity, and content of relevant bioactive components – polyphenols and carotenoids. It was found that the application of ultrasound during osmotic dehydration resulted in higher water loss and solid gain. This surely results from the phenomena occurring during the propagation of the elastic waves in the liquid medium (mainly related to cavitation) and enhancement of the mass transfer. The use of ultrasound during convective drying also had a positive effect on the kinetics of this process. In most cases, during the ultrasonically assisted drying operations, a significant increase in drying rate was observed, leading to a reduction in drying time. This may be due to the intensification of both heat and mass transfer as a result of the mechanical and thermal effects of ultrasound. The assessment of product quality showed that the use of sugar alcohols was a good alternative to sucrose, and ultrasound-assisted convective drying increased the retention of valuable carotenoids and polyphenols. Moreover, in all dried kiwifruit slices, water activity was below 0.6, which can guarantee the microbiological stability of the tested samples.

Synthetic Route of 1606-85-5, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 1606-85-5 is helpful to your research.

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Chemistry is an experimental science, Safety of 2-octyldodecan-1-ol, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 5333-42-6, Name is 2-octyldodecan-1-ol, molecular formula is C20H42O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Qiu, Shuang.

Effects of algae subtype and extraction condition on extracted fucoxanthin antioxidant property: A 20-year meta-analysis

Algal fucoxanthin as a carotenoid pigment possesses various health benefits, among which, the antioxidant property is one of the most explored. Current research indicated that algal fucoxanthin is generally extracted from different subtypes (microand macro-algae) under varying extraction conditions. However, it lacks information whether algae subtypes and extraction conditions present a remarkable impact on the antioxidant property of the extracted fucoxanthin. In this study, the effects of algae subtype and extraction condition (i.e., extraction solvents, temperature, time, pressure and illumination condition) on fucoxanthin antioxidant property were investigated by performing a meta-analysis. The subtotal standard mean difference (SMD) of the microalgae and macroalgae subtypes were 12.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.63-21.56) and 7.20 (3.44-10.96), respectively, presenting an overlapping range. This suggested that no statistically significant differences existed in the fucoxanthin antioxidant property extracted from two subtypes, which was consistent with the results from the subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Similar observations were found for algal fucoxanthin extracted by alcohols (SMD (CI):7.18 (3.36-11.00)) or alkanes (SMD (CI):11.88 (3.62-20.15)). Moreover, the employed extraction conditions including extraction time (SMD (CI) for >= 60 min vs <60 min: 8.03 (3.55-12.50) and 7.97 (2.49-13.45)), pressure (SMD (CI) for normal vs pressurized: 7.68 (4.00-11.35) and 10.64 (0.21-21.03)), and illumination (SMD (CI) for dark vs normal: 6.91 (2.31-11.50) and 9.45 (4.17-14.73)) showed no statistical influence on fucoxanthin antioxidant property. However, extraction at higher temperature produced stronger fucoxanthin antioxidant property (SMD (CI) for room temperature vs >= 40 degrees C: 31.43 (12.27-50.59) and 7.21 (3.69-10.74)). Additionally, the fucoxanthin antioxidant property exhibited a positive concentration-dependent correlation according to meta-regression analysis. Our findings provide suggestions for fucoxanthin extraction from algae under various conditions and give insights to its application as an antioxidant. As more data become available in the future, data analysis could be updated for more robust comparisons.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 5333-42-6. Safety of 2-octyldodecan-1-ol.

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Reference of 124-76-5, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 124-76-5, Name is Isoborneol, SMILES is CC1(C)C2(C)CCC1CC2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Wachelko, Olga, introduce new discover of the category.

The application of headspace gas chromatographic method for the determination of ethyl alcohol in craft beers, wines and soft drinks

The increasing interest of consumers in the still-developing craft beer market and the strict tax-related legal regulations concerning alcoholic beverages require precise methods for quality control. Determination of ethyl alcohol concentration was performed in 167 samples of alcoholic beverages (craft beers, soft drinks, wines, and cider). We applied headspace gas chromatography using a dual column/dual flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID/FID), a technique routinely used in forensic toxicology. The method was linear in range, from 0.01 to 20.0%, with a coefficient of determination of 0.999 (R2). The limit of quantification was 0.01%; the detection limit was 0.003%. Furthermore, very good validation parameters were achieved (precision and accuracy below 5%). The samples were analyzed for compliance with EU standards and recommendations of The Beer Judge Certification Program. Moreover, the content of trace quantities of volatile compounds and fusel alcohols (1-propanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde) was found in the majority of alcoholic beverages.

Reference of 124-76-5, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 124-76-5.

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Application of 112-60-7, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 112-60-7, Name is 2,2′-((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))diethanol, SMILES is OCCOCCOCCOCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Simonato, Barbara, introduce new discover of the category.

Effects of post-harvest fungal infection of apples on chemical characteristics of cider

The impact of fungal post-harvest infection of apple on the chemical composition of cider was investigated through a comparative analysis of ciders obtained from apples (Gala variety) separately infected by five fungal species (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Diplodia seriata, Monilinia fructigena, and Penicillium expansum) and cider from sound apples. The content of several flavor-active molecules belonging to different chemical groups, such as alcohols, esters, acids, aldehydes, phenols, and lactones, significantly varied among ciders. Particularly, cider from sound apples had a higher concentration of ethyl ester acetate, fatty acid ethyl esters and fatty acids, molecules that contribute to fruity and sweet scent. Principal component analysis well discriminated ciders, evidencing species-specific fungal effect. Differences in precursor availability in juices and biosynthesis pathways in fungi could explain changes in aroma profile of ciders. This study provides information on the potential risk to produce cider from infected apples due to the possible quality depreciation.

Application of 112-60-7, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 112-60-7 is helpful to your research.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 130198-05-9, Name is 1-[2-Amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol Hydrochloride, molecular formula is C15H24ClNO2. In an article, author is Albertella, Lucy,once mentioned of 130198-05-9, Name: 1-[2-Amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexanol Hydrochloride.

Reward-related attentional capture predicts non-abstinence during a one-month abstinence challenge

Background: While it is generally recognised that cognitive attributes can predict behaviour change outcomes in the field of addiction this question is typically studied in treatment seeking samples (to predict treatment outcomes and relapse). However the concept of behaviour change applies to the entire spectrum of addiction-like behaviours and initiatives such as temporary abstinence challenges offer insight into an understudied but equally relevant point of the spectrum. Thus the current study examined whether reward-related attentional capture predicted non-abstinence during IkPas (the Dutch national dry January campaign translated: NoThanks!). Method: Participants included 1130 adults who had complete baseline data and performed above chance level on the cognitive task. Of these 683 participants completed the post-IkPas assessment and were included in the primary analysis. A binary logistic regression examined whether reward-related attentional capture predicted drinking during IkPas controlling for alcohol use at baseline (among other potential confounders). Results: Participants who showed greater reward-related attentional capture before IkPas were more likely to not remain abstinent from drinking during IkPas (p= .014). Findings were replicated using multiple imputation to replace missing data (p = .013). Conclusion: These findings provide important insights into the cognitive mechanisms that support successful behaviour change such as the ability to ignore task-irrelevant reward cues and may inform the development of tools that individuals could use to maximise their likelihood of achieving successful behaviour change.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 2516-33-8, Name is Cyclopropylmethanol, molecular formula is C4H8O. In an article, author is Morojele, Neo K.,once mentioned of 2516-33-8, Product Details of 2516-33-8.

Alcohol consumption, harms and policy developments in sub-Saharan Africa: The case for stronger national and regional responses

Issues Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has long been characterised as a region with weak alcohol policies, high proportions of abstainers and heavy episodic drinkers (among drinkers), and as a target for market expansion by global alcohol producers. However, inter-regional analyses of these issues are seldom conducted. Approach Focusing mainly on the period 2000-2016, we compare alcohol consumption and harms, alcohol policy developments and alcohol industry activities over time and across the four sub-regions of SSA. Key Findings Per-capita consumption of alcohol and alcohol-related disease burden have increased in Central Africa but stabilised or reduced in other regions, although they are still high. Most countries have implemented tax policies, but they have seldom adopted other World Health Organization ‘best buys’ for cost-effective alcohol control policies. Countries range from having minimal alcohol controls to having total bans (e.g. some Muslim-majority countries); and some, such as Botswana, have attempted stringent tax policies to address alcohol harm. Alcohol producers have continued their aggressive marketing and policy interference activities, some of which have been highlighted and, in a few instances, resisted by civil society and public health advocates, particularly in southern Africa. Implications Increased government support and commitment are needed to be able to adopt and implement effective alcohol policies and respond to pressures from alcohol companies to which SSA remains a target market. Conclusion SSA needs effective alcohol control measures in order to reverse the trajectory of worsening alcohol harms observed in some countries and reinforce improvements in alcohol harms observed in others.

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 623-50-7, Name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, formurla is C4H8O3. In a document, author is Huang, Chuangsheng, introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 623-50-7.

Simultaneous nitrogen-blow distillation extraction: A novel approach for aroma extraction of white tea

In the present work, a simple and efficient method for distillation and simultaneous extraction of essential oils from white tea, called simultaneous nitrogen-blow distillation extraction (SNDE), was developed using nitrogen-blow extraction equipment. The effect of SNDE on compounds and characteristic of white tea extract were investigated in comparison with simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), and the extraction conditions of SNDE were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Volatile compounds of white teas were extracted using SNDE and SDE, and analyzed with gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Quantitative descriptive analysis of white tea extract aroma showed that in SNDE, sweet, roasted and woody aroma were significantly declined compared with SDE; whereas grassy green and pekoe aroma were more similar to the sensory profile based on sensory evaluation method. Aroma metabolites analysis showed that alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, heterocyclics and alkanes exhibited significant variations. The present work demonstrated that SNDE is an effective tool for the extraction and analysis of white tea volatile, which could truly reflect the quality characteristics of sensory aroma.

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