Tag: M.W=100-200

Reference of 112-60-7, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 112-60-7, Name is 2,2′-((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))diethanol, SMILES is OCCOCCOCCOCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Yusuf, Abdulfatah Abdu, introduce new discover of the category.

Progress in alcohol-gasoline blends and their effects on the performance and emissions in SI engines under different operating conditions

Bio-alcohol has the potential to be used as an alternative to fossil fuels to reduce the total exhaust emissions from spark-ignition engines. This paper reviewed the most recent experimental studies on fundamental effects of performance, emissions and some combustion characteristics in SI engines. It also provides a guideline for suitable ethanol-gasoline and methanol-gasoline blend rates. Investigations were performed on different engines, operating conditions and rates of fuel blends with varying engine speeds. Most of the results showed that ethanol-gasoline has more benefits compared to methanol-gasoline in terms of exhaust emissions, engine power, and torque output, especially at low engine speed. The small differences in properties between ethanol-gasoline and methanol-gasoline blends are enough to create a significant change in the combustion system. These effects lead to behavioural mechanisms which are not easy to analyze or understand, sometimes make it difficult to identify the fundamentals of how ethanol or methanol affects emissions.

Reference of 112-60-7, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 112-60-7.

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 2009-83-8, Name is 6-Chlorohexan-1-ol, formurla is C6H13ClO. In a document, author is Macedo, Gabriela A., introducing its new discovery. Product Details of 2009-83-8.

Integrated microwave- and enzyme-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from olive pomace

The olive pomace (OP) is an underutilized byproduct from the olive oil extraction that has the potential to be used as a source of antioxidant phenolics for nutraceutical applications. The simultaneous use of enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, and tannase) and microwave processing was evaluated with respect to OP phenolic extractability and composition. Microwave-assisted extraction achieved similar phenolic extractability (272 mg GAE/g OP) to conventional solvent extraction using water as a solvent, a higher solids-to-liquid ratio (1:15 vs. 1:50, g/mL), and a shorter reaction time (17 vs. 120 min). The use of enzymes during microwave processing led to increased extractability of phenolics (341 mg GAE/g OP) at higher extraction temperature (60 degrees C) and faster heating strategy (5 min ramp time). Microwave-enzyme-assisted extraction and enzyme-assisted extraction produced phenolic extracts with a higher concentration of phenolic alcohols (22-48 mg/kg) and acids (including hydroxytyrosol) (17-26 mg/kg). Mixtures of pectinase, cellulose and tannase biotransformed OP phenolics thus leading to the production of elenolic acid at 1029 mg/kg.

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Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, COA of Formula: C4H9ClO, 928-51-8, Name is 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCCCl, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Mahmoud, Toka N., introduce the new discover.

Canna x generalis LH Bailey rhizome extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via modulating intestinal mucosal dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and TLR4/ NF-kappa B and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Genus Canna is used in folk medicine as demulcent, diaphoretic, antipyretic, mild laxative and in gastrointestinal upsets therapy. Canna x generalis (CG) L.H. Bailey is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. Besides, CG is used in Ayurvedic medicines’ preparations and in the treatment of boils, wounds, and abscess. Nevertheless, its anti-inflammatory effects against ulcerative colitis (UC) are not yet investigated. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents of CG rhizome ethanol extract (CGE). Additionally, we aimed to comparatively evaluate its therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms against the reference drug sulphasalazine (SAS) in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Material and methods: Metabolic profiling of CG rhizomes was performed via UHPLC/qTOF-HRMS; the total phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents were determined, and the main phytoconstituents were isolated and identified. Next, DSS-induced (4%) acute UC was established in C57BL/6 mice. DSS-induced mice were administered either CGE (100 and 200 mg/kg) or SAS (200 mg/kg) for 7 days. Body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological alterations in colon tissues were examined. Colon levels of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD and catalase) and pro-inflammatory [Myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), IL-1 beta, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma] markers were colourimetrically determined. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and relative mRNA expressions of occludin, TLR4 and ASC (Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing CARD) using RT-PCR were measured. Protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved caspase-1 were determined by Western blot. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examinations of caspase-3, NF-kappa B and claudin-1 were performed. Results: Major identified constituents of CGE were flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, beside five isolated phytoconstituents (beta-sitosterol, triacontanol fatty alcohol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, 6-O-pcoumaroyl-beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside). The percentage of the phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents in CGE were 20.55, 6.74 and 98.09 mu g of gallic acid, quercetin and beta-sitosterol equivalents/mg extract, respectively. In DSS-induced mice, CGE treatment ameliorated DAI, body weight loss and colon shortening. CGE attenuated the DSS-induced colonic histopathological alternations, inflammatory cell infiltration and histological scores. CGE elevated GSH, SOD and catalase levels, and suppressed MDA, pro-inflammatory mediators (MPO and NO) as well as cytokines levels in colonic tissues. Moreover, CGE downregulated LPS/TLR4 signaling, caspase-3 and NF-kappa B expressions. CGE treatment inhibited NLRP3 signaling pathway as indicated by the suppression of the protein expression of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, and the ASC mRNA expression in colonic tissues. Addi-tionally, CGE restored tight junction proteins’ (occludin and claudin-1) expressions. Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence for the therapeutic potential of CGE against UC. CGE restored in-testinal mucosal barrier’s integrity, mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, as well as NF-kappa B/TLR4 and NLRP3 pathways activation in colonic tissues. Notably, CGE in a dose of 200 mg/kg was more effective in ameliorating DSS-induced UC as compared to SAS at the same dose.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 928-51-8. COA of Formula: C4H9ClO.

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In an article, author is Avchalumov, Yosef, once mentioned the application of 928-51-8, Quality Control of 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, Name is 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, molecular formula is C4H9ClO, molecular weight is 108.5667, MDL number is MFCD00002967, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Chronic ethanol exposure differentially alters neuronal function in the medial prefrontal cortex and dentate gyrus

Alterations in the function of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus have been implicated in underlying the relapse to alcohol seeking behaviors in humans and animal models of moderate to severe alcohol use disorders (AUD). Here we used chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE), 21d protracted abstinence following CIE (21d AB), and re-exposure to one vapor session during protracted abstinence (re-exposure) to evaluate the effects of chronic ethanol exposure on basal synaptic function, neuronal excitability and expression of key synaptic proteins that play a role in neuronal excitability in the medial PFC (mPFC) and dentate gyms (DG). CIE consistently enhanced excitability of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the mPFC and granule cell neurons in the DG. In the DG, this effect persisted during 21d AB. Re-exposure did not enhance excitability, suggesting resistance to vapor-induced effects. Analysis of action potential kinetics revealed that altered afterhyperpolarization, rise time and decay time constants are associated with the altered excitability during CIE, 21d AB and reexposure. Molecular adaptations that may underlie increases in neuronal excitability under these different conditions were identified. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction of large-conductance potassium (BK) channel subunit mRNA in PFC and DG tissue homogenates did not show altered expression patterns of BK subunits. Western blotting demonstrates enhanced phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and reduced phosphorylation of glutamate receptor GluN2A/2B subunits. These results suggest a novel relationship between activity of CaMKII and GluN receptors in the mPFC and DG, and neuronal excitability in these brain regions in the context of moderate to severe AUD.

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Chemistry is an experimental science, Formula: C3H7BrO, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 627-18-9, Name is 3-Bromopropan-1-ol, molecular formula is C3H7BrO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Johnson, Mark B..

Cannabis and crash risk among older drivers

The purpose of this research was to reanalyze data collected from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk Study to investigate whether driving under the influence of cannabis (THC-positive) was associated with elevated crash risk for younger and older drivers. The data came from a case-control relative risk study collected from Virginia Beach, VA, over a 20-month period. Data collectors gathered driver information from the scene of vehicle crashes and, in some cases, from hospitals. Non-crash controls were sampled from the same locations, days, and times as crashes. Key data items included driver demographics and oral fluid and blood samples, which were assayed for licit and illicit drugs. We found no overall association between cannabis use and risk of crash involvement. However, when age and age(2) were allowed to interact with THC, significant interaction effects emerged. THC was associated with increased risk of crash involvement for older drivers. Difference between THC-positive and sober drivers emerged as significant at age 64. The research underscores the value of examining drugged driving in the context of driver age. Age-related declines in neurocognitive and psychomotor functioning were not measured but might be important in explaining the results.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 627-18-9, in my other articles. Formula: C3H7BrO.

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Synthetic Route of 124-76-5, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 124-76-5, Name is Isoborneol, SMILES is CC1(C)C2(C)CCC1CC2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Sabzevar, Arefe Moatamed, introduce new discover of the category.

Enhanced biodiesel production from oleic acid using TiO2-decorated magnetic ZIF-8 nanocomposite catalyst and its utilization for used frying oil conversion to valuable product

In this study, a new recyclable TiO2-decorated magnetic ZIF-8 (Fe3O4@ZIF-8/TiO2) nanocomposite catalyst was first synthesized and its structural and morphological properties were characterized through different techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, TEM, EDX, TPD, and VSM. Then, biodiesel was produced using the Fe3O4@ZIF-8/TiO2 catalyst through the esterification of oleic acid in the presence of ethanol. Response surface methodology (RSM) was also employed to achieve the optimum experimental operating variables affecting the yield of biodiesel production. Significant variables like the amount of catalyst, the molar ratio of alcohol to fatty acid, reaction time, and temperature were optimized through RSM to achieve the highest yield of biodeisel production. The results indicated that the highest biodiesel yield is obtained at the reaction temperature of 50 degrees C, the reaction time of 62.5 min, the alcohol to oleic acid molar ratio 30:1, and 0.2 g (6 %wt) amount of catalyst. In this condition, the highest yield of biodiesel production was found 80% and 93% using ethanol and methanol, respectively; around 40% higher than pristine TiO2 and magnetic ZIF-8. Subsequently, the biodiesel production in optimum conditions was evaluated from frying oil by using the as-prepared catalyst. The result from H-1 NMR and GC-MS analyses confirmed the efficient conversion of frying oil wastes to valuable biofuel product.

Synthetic Route of 124-76-5, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 124-76-5 is helpful to your research.

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Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, Application In Synthesis of (5-Ethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol5187-23-5, Name is (5-Ethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol, SMILES is CCC1(CO)COCOC1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Xin, Yue, introduce new discover of the category.

Sirtuin 6 ameliorates alcohol-induced liver injury by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in mice

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) occurs as a result of chronic and excessive alcohol consumption. It encompasses a wide spectrum of chronic liver abnormalities that range from steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis, progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by ethanol metabolism in hepatocytes has been established as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of ALD. However, whether SIRT6 exerts regulatory effects on ethanol-induced ER stress and contributes to the pathogenesis of ALD is unclear. In this study, we developed and characterized Sirt6 hepatocyte-specific knockout and transgenic mouse models that were treated with chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding. We observed that hepatic Sirt6 deficiency led to exacerbated ethanol-induced liver injury and aggravated hepatic ER stress. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) treatment remarkably attenuated ethanol-induced ER stress and ameliorated ALD pathologies caused by Sirt6 ablation. Reciprocally, SIRT6 hepatocyte-specific transgenic mice exhibited reduced ER stress and ameliorated liver injury caused by ethanol exposure. Consistently, knockdown of Sirt6 elevated the expression of ER stress related genes in primary hepatocytes treated with ethanol, whereas overexpression of SIRT6 reduced their expression, indicating SIRT6 regulates ethanol-induced hepatic ER stress in a cell autonomous manner. Collectively, our results suggest that SIRT6 is a positive regulator of ethanol-induced ER stress in the liver and protects against ALD by relieving ER stress. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 5187-23-5. Application In Synthesis of (5-Ethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)methanol.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 870-72-4, Name is Hydroxymethanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt, SMILES is O=S(CO)([O-])=O.[Na+], in an article , author is Zhang, Likui, once mentioned of 870-72-4, Formula: CH3NaO4S.

Characterization of a novel type III alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermococcus barophilus Ch5

The genome of the hyperthermophilic and piezophilic euryarchaeaon Thermococcus barophilus Ch5 encodes three putative alcohol dehydrogenases (Tba ADHs). Herein, we characterized Tba ADH(547) biochemically and probed its catalytic mechanism by mutational studies. Our data demonstrate that Tba ADH547 can oxidize ethanol and reduce acetaldehyde at high temperature with the same optimal temperature (75 degrees C) and exhibit similar thermostability for oxidization and reduction reactions. However, Tba ADH(547) has different optimal pH for oxidation and reduction: 8.5 for oxidation and 7.0 for reduction. Tba ADH(547) is dependent on a divalent ion for its oxidation activity, among which Mn2+ is optimal. However, Tba ADH(547) displays about 20% reduction activity without a divalent ion, and the maximal activity with Fe2+. Furthermore, Tba ADH(547) showcases a strong substrate preference for 1-butanol and 1-hexanol over ethanol and other alcohols. Similarly, Tba ADH(547) prefers butylaldehyde to acetaldehyde as its reduction substrate. Mutational studies showed that the mutations of residues D195, H199, H262 and H274 to Ala result in the significant activity loss of Tba ADH(547), suggesting that residues D195, H199, H262 and H274 are responsible for catalysis. Overall, Tba ADH(547) is a thermoactive ADH with novel biochemical characteristics, thereby allowing this enzyme to be a potential biocatalyst. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 870-72-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: CH3NaO4S.

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In an article, author is Palm, Meredith H., once mentioned the application of 4740-78-7, SDS of cas: 4740-78-7, Name is 1,3-Dioxan-5-ol, molecular formula is C4H8O3, molecular weight is 104.11, MDL number is MFCD00014645, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Patterns of bi-directional relations across alcohol use, religiosity, and self-control in adolescent girls

Examining predictors of alcohol use among adolescent girls is increasingly important to enhance prevention efforts, given that the gender gap in alcohol use is steadily closing. While both religiosity and self-control have been independently associated with decreased alcohol use, little research has explored 1) whether religiosity and self-control are reciprocally related and 2) whether the reciprocal association between these constructs may indicate different patterns in the development of alcohol use. As such, this study examined whether there are multiple patterns of reciprocal relationships across religiosity, self-control, and alcohol use among adolescent girls. Latent variable mixture modeling was combined with an autoregressive cross-lagged panel model to identify discrete, prototypical patterns of longitudinal associations (i.e., subgroups) across religiosity, self-control, and alcohol use among 2,122 girls ages 13-17. Psychosocial covariates (e.g., conduct problems) were examined as predictors of each subgroup. Two subgroups were identified. Self-control was associated with reduced alcohol use in both the majority (87.56% of the sample) and minority (12.44% of the sample) subgroups, but only the majority subgroup also demonstrated associations between religiosity, self-control, and alcohol use. Religiosity may predict lower alcohol use in a majority of adolescent girls but this association may not be present among all girls, suggesting that there is a qualitative difference in how religiosity is associated with self-control and alcohol use between subgroups. Results also suggest that higher levels of conduct problems may predict which girls are more likely to demonstrate associations between only self-control and alcohol use, and demonstrate no significant associations with religiosity.

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In an article, author is Xiang, Aimin, once mentioned the application of 2807-30-9, Name is 2-Propoxyethanol, molecular formula is C5H12O2, molecular weight is 104.1476, MDL number is MFCD00072645, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Name: 2-Propoxyethanol.

Multifunctional nucleating agents with simultaneous plasticizing, solubilizing, nucleating and their effect on polyvinyl alcohol foams

Currently, preparing microcellular polymer foams by supercritical CO2(Sc-CO2) is a newly trend and challenge. The main limitation of Sc-CO2 used in microcellular foaming industry is its solubility. In this paper, four kinds of amines (formamide, ethylenediamine, polyamide dendrimer (PAMAM) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)) were introduced into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve the foaming behaviors. The results of differential scanning calorimetry showed that formamide and POSS could plasticize PVA to a certain extent. Through SEM analysis, formamide and ethylenediamine has a nucleating effect and improves the foaming effect. Furthermore, the content of formamide has a great influence on the foaming behavior of PVA. TG-IR analysis showed that -NH2 can react with CO2 to form -HNCOO- at normal temperature and pressure, which contributed to the diffusion of CO2 and improved the uniformity of cell size. With increasing formamide content, the cell density increased from 3.22 x 10(9) cm(-3) to 1.79 x 10(10) cm(-3).

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