Tag: M.W=100-200

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 6920-22-5, Name is Hexane-1,2-diol, SMILES is CCCCC(O)CO, in an article , author is Tan, K. H., once mentioned of 6920-22-5, Product Details of 6920-22-5.

Optical and conductivity studies of polyvinyl alcohol-MXene (PVA-MXene) nanocomposite thin films for electronic applications

A new family of 2D materials known as MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) is combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to form nanocomposites thin film with a thickness in micrometre range (7.20-7.88 mu m) by using a relatively simple way, a drop-casting technique. The multi-layered structure of the MXenes bound together with PVA results in a high degree of structural disorder due to increasing defects in the nanocomposites. Detailed optical studies include UV-Vis absorption, optical absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, and band gap energy determinations are conducted to investigate electromagnetic wave absorption capability of the nanocomposites. Resistivity measurement is studied as well. Electrical conductivity of the PVA is significantly increased with at least an improvement of 3000 times as compared to pure PVA (1 x 10(-13) Sm-1). The highest a value of 7.25 x 10(-3) Sm-1 is found in the nanocomposites with a mass ratio of PVA to MXenes, 80:20 with its calculated optical absorption coefficient value in range 4000-5000 cm(-1). The optical findings, as well as the electrical conductivity enhancement exhibited by these nanocomposites, explore the route to apply MXenes in polymer-based multifunctional nanocomposites for various applications such as optoelectronics, conductive filler, and electromagnetic absorbers.

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Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Name: 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.928-51-8, Name is 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCCCl, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Xing, Bin, introduce the new discover.

Highly Thermal-Resistant and Biodegradable Textile Sizes from Glycols Modified Soy Proteins for Remediation of Textile Effluents

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) sizes are widely used in textile industry due to their excellent sizing properties on synthetic fibers and their blends. However, PVA contains non-biodegradable chemicals and is a major contributor to environmental pollution related to the textile industry. To overcome this problem, an environmental-benign and highly thermal-resistant yarn coating is fabricated from soy proteins, an agricultural byproduct. The soy proteins are chemically modified by glycols having varying chain lengths and number of hydroxyl groups. Compared with the physically modified soy proteins and their sized yarns, coating made from the soy proteins esterified by 1,4-butanediol show 91.38% increment in work of rupture at 120 degrees C and cotton/polyester (65/35) yarns sized by 1,4-butanediol esterified soy protein sizes have 39.91% decrease in coefficient of friction. In addition, 1,4-butanediol esterified soy sizes have a five-day biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand of 0.476, indicating that the chemically modified soy sizes have high biodegradability in activated sludge. Successful utilization of modified soy sizes can promote large-quantity applications of soy byproducts, impelling high value addition to agricultural byproducts and sustainability of textile industry.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 928-51-8. Name: 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol.

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Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.3068-00-6, Name is 1,2,4-Butanetriol, SMILES is OCC(O)CCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Khan, Mohd Faheem, introduce the new discover, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

3-Hydroxytyrosol regulates biofilm growth in Cunninghamella elegans

In contrast to yeast biofilms, those of filamentous fungi are relatively poorly understood, in particular with respect to their regulation. Cunninghamella elegans is a filamentous fungus that is of biotechnological interest as it catabolises drugs and other xenobiotics in an analogous manner to animals; furthermore, it can grow as a biofilm enabling repeated batch biotransformations. Precisely how the fungus switches from planktonic to biofilm growth is unknown and the aim of this study was to shed light on the possible mechanism of biofilm regulation. In dimorphic yeasts, alcohols such as tyrosol and 2-phenylethanol are known to control the yeast-to-hypha switch, and a similar molecule might be involved in regulating biofilm in C. elegans. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of crude ethyl acetate extracts from supernatants of 72 h planktonic and biofilm cultures revealed 3hydroxytyrosol as a prominent metabolite. Further quantification revealed that the amounts of the compound in planktonic cultures were substantially higher (>10-fold) than in biofilm cultures. In the presence of exogenous 3-hydroxytyrosol the growth of aerial mycelium was inhibited, and there was selective inhibition of biofilm when it was added to culture medium. There was no biotransformation of the compound when it was added to 72 h-old cultures, in contrast to the related compounds tyrosol and 2-phenylethanol, which were oxidised to a number of products. Therefore, we propose that 3hydroxytyrosol is a new signalling molecule in fungi, which regulates biofilm growth. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Mycological Society.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 3068-00-6. Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

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In an article, author is Nanzai, Ben, once mentioned the application of 3391-86-4, Name is Oct-1-en-3-ol, molecular formula is C8H16O, molecular weight is 128.21, MDL number is MFCD00004589, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol.

Sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: Effect of the critical micelle concentration in the interfacial region of the cavity

Ionic surfactants tend to accumulate in the interfacial region of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles (cavities) because of their surface active properties and because they are difficult to evaporate in cavitation bubbles owing to their extremely low volatilities. Hence, sonolysis of ionic surfactants is expected to occur in the interfacial region of the cavity. In this study, we performed sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and nonionic. We then estimated the degradation rates of the surfactants to clarify the surfactant behavior in the interfacial region of cavitation bubbles. For all of the surfactants investigated, the degradation rate increased with increasing initial bulk concentration and reached a maximum value. The initial bulk concentration to obtain the maximum degradation rate had a positive correlation with the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The initial bulk concentrations of the anionic surfactants were lower than their cmcs, while those of the cationic surfactants were higher than their cmcs. These results can be explained by the negatively charged cavity surface and the effect of the coexisting counterions of the surfactants.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 115-70-8, Name is 2-Amino-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol, SMILES is OCC(CC)(N)CO, in an article , author is Bourgi, Rim, once mentioned of 115-70-8, Formula: C5H13NO2.

Effect of warm-air stream for solvent evaporation on bond strength of adhesive systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies

Purpose: To determine whether warm-air stream for solvent evaporation improves immediate and long-term bond strength of adhesive systems through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and methods: PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus, and BVS, as well as Open Grey, were searched for relevant studies. Only in vitro studies reporting the effect of the use of warm-air stream to evaporate solvents of adhesive systems on the bond strength to enamel or dentin, were included. A global analysis compared the standardized mean difference between bond strength values using warm-air stream against a control group in which room-temperature air-stream was used. Bond strength from etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives was analyzed separately using the random-effects model at a significance level of alpha = 0.05. For each adhesive type, subgroup analyses were performed considering the type of solvent with which the adhesives were formulated. Results: A total of 10 in vitro studies were included in the meta-analysis. For etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesives, the use of warm-air stream for adhesive solvent evaporation improved the bond strength to dentin of wateror alcohol-based adhesive systems (p <= 0.03). On the contrary, this effect could not be observed for acetone-based adhesive systems (p >= 0.13). The overall effect demonstrated bond strength was enhanced with the use of warm-air stream (p <= 0.03). Conclusion: The in vitro evidence suggests that bond strength of self-etch or etch-and-rinse adhesives could be improved by using warm-air stream for solvent evaporation. Interested yet? Read on for other articles about 115-70-8, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C5H13NO2.

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Reference of 6149-41-3, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 6149-41-3, Name is Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate, SMILES is O=C(OC)CCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Silva, Joshua, introduce new discover of the category.

Dihydromyricetin improves mitochondrial outcomes in the liver of alcohol-fed mice via the AMPK/Sirt-1/PGC-1 alpha signaling axis

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), due to the multifactorial damage associated with alcohol (ethanol) consumption and metabolism, is one of the most prevalent liver diseases in the United States. The liver is the primary site of ethanol metabolism and is subsequently injured due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), acetaldehyde, and metabolic stress. Building evidence suggests that dihydromyricetin (DHM), a bioactive flavonoid isolated from Hovenia dulcis, provides hepatoprotection by enhancing ethanol metabolism in the liver by maintaining hepatocellular bioenergetics, reductions of oxidative stress, and activating lipid oxidation pathways. The present study investigates the utility of DHM on hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin (Sirt)-1/PPARG coactivator 1 (PGC)-1 alpha signaling pathway. We utilized a forced drinking ad libitum study that chronically fed 30% ethanol to male C57BL/61 mice over 8 weeks and induced ALD pathology. We found that chronic ethanol feeding resulted in the suppression of AMPK activation and cytoplasmic Sirt-1 and mitochondrial Sirt-3 expression, effects that were reversed with daily DHM administration (5 mg/kg; intraperitoneally [i.p.]). Chronic ethanol feeding also resulted in hepatic hyperacetylation of PGC-1 alpha, which was improved with DHM administration and its mediated increase of Sirt-1 activity. Furthermore, ethanol-fed mice were found to have increased expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), reduced mitochondrial content as assessed by mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA ratios, and significantly lower levels of hepatic ATP. In contrast, DHM administration significantly increased TFAM expression, hepatic ATP concentrations, and induced mitochondrial expression of respiratory complex III and V. In total, this work demonstrates a novel mechanism of DHM that improves hepatic bioenergetics, metabolic signaling, and mitochondrial viability, thus adding to the evidence supporting the use of DHM for treatment of ALD and other metabolic disorders. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reference of 6149-41-3, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 6149-41-3.

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Chemistry is an experimental science, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 873-76-7, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol, molecular formula is , belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Li, Houqian, COA of Formula: C7H7ClO.

Conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene over Ag-ZrO2/SiO2 catalysts: The role of surface interfaces

A series of Ag-ZrO2/SiO2 catalysts with different metal-support interfaces were synthesized in an effort to elucidate the roles of specific interfaces in controlling the ethanol to 1,3-butadiene conversion and selectivity. According to the results of detailed characterizations (e.g. CO/pyridine-DRIFTS, XPS, TEM, NH3-TPD, and H-1 MAS NMR), it was found that the Ag-O-Si interfaces significantly enhanced the dehydrogenation of ethanol while the presence of ZrO2 improved the interaction between Ag and ZrO2 /SiO2, creating more Ae active sites. The high dispersion of ZrO2 on SiO2 generated abundant Zr-O-Si interfaces with medium and weak Lewis acidity, promoting the condensation of acetaldehyde to crotonaldehyde. These Zr-O-Si interfaces in close interaction with Ae species played a critical role in the enhanced H transfer during the MPV reduction of crotonaldehyde to crotyl alcohol. The synergies among the interfaces resulted in retarded ethanol dehydration reactivity, balanced ethanol dehydrogenation and condensation reactions, and a subsequent high 1,3-butadiene yield. (C) 2020 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.

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Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 112-27-6, Name is 2,2′-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol, SMILES is OCCOCCOCCO, in an article , author is Xu, Kevin Y., once mentioned of 112-27-6, Computed Properties of C6H14O4.

Association of Opioid Use Disorder Treatment With Alcohol-Related Acute Events

Importance Persons with opioid use disorder (OUD) and co-occurring alcohol use disorder (AUD) are understudied and undertreated. It is unknown whether the use of medications to treat OUD is associated with reduced risk of alcohol-related morbidity. Objective To determine whether the use of OUD medications is associated with decreased risk for alcohol-related falls, injuries, and poisonings in persons with OUD with and without co-occurring AUD. Design, Setting, and Participants This recurrent-event, case-control, cohort study used prescription claims from IBM MarketScan insurance databases from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2016. The sample included persons aged 12 to 64 years in the US with an OUD diagnosis and taking OUD medication who had at least 1 alcohol-related admission. The unit of observation was person-day. Data analysis was performed from June 26 through September 28, 2020. Exposures Days of active OUD medication prescriptions, with either agonist (ie, buprenorphine or methadone) or antagonist (ie, oral or extended-release naltrexone) treatments compared with days without OUD prescriptions. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was admission for any acute alcohol-related event defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare OUD medication use between days with and without an alcohol-related event. Stratified analyses were conducted between patients with OUD with and without a recent AUD diagnostic code. Results There were 8 424 214 person-days of observation time among 13 335 participants who received OUD medications and experienced an alcohol-related admission (mean [SD] age, 33.1 [13.1] years; 5884 female participants [44.1%]). Agonist treatments (buprenorphine and methadone) were associated with reductions in the odds of any alcohol-related acute event compared with nontreatment days, with a 43% reduction for buprenorphine (odds ratio [OR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.52-0.61) and a 66% reduction for methadone (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.26-0.45). The antagonist treatment naltrexone was associated with reductions in alcohol-related acute events compared with nonmedication days, with a 37% reduction for extended-release naltrexone (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76) and a 16% reduction for oral naltrexone (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.93). Naltrexone use was more prevalent among patients with OUD with recent AUD claims than their peers without AUD claims. Conclusions and Relevance These findings suggest that OUD medication is associated with fewer admissions for alcohol-related acute events in patients with OUD with co-occurring AUD.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 112-27-6, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Computed Properties of C6H14O4.

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Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 108-82-7, Name is 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol, molecular formula is C9H20O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Mahmoud, Toka N., once mentioned the new application about 108-82-7, Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol.

Canna x generalis LH Bailey rhizome extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis via modulating intestinal mucosal dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and TLR4/ NF-kappa B and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Genus Canna is used in folk medicine as demulcent, diaphoretic, antipyretic, mild laxative and in gastrointestinal upsets therapy. Canna x generalis (CG) L.H. Bailey is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic. Besides, CG is used in Ayurvedic medicines’ preparations and in the treatment of boils, wounds, and abscess. Nevertheless, its anti-inflammatory effects against ulcerative colitis (UC) are not yet investigated. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents of CG rhizome ethanol extract (CGE). Additionally, we aimed to comparatively evaluate its therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms against the reference drug sulphasalazine (SAS) in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Material and methods: Metabolic profiling of CG rhizomes was performed via UHPLC/qTOF-HRMS; the total phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents were determined, and the main phytoconstituents were isolated and identified. Next, DSS-induced (4%) acute UC was established in C57BL/6 mice. DSS-induced mice were administered either CGE (100 and 200 mg/kg) or SAS (200 mg/kg) for 7 days. Body weight, colon length, disease activity index (DAI) and histopathological alterations in colon tissues were examined. Colon levels of oxidative stress (GSH, MDA, SOD and catalase) and pro-inflammatory [Myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), IL-1 beta, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma] markers were colourimetrically determined. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and relative mRNA expressions of occludin, TLR4 and ASC (Apoptosis-Associated Speck-Like Protein Containing CARD) using RT-PCR were measured. Protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome and cleaved caspase-1 were determined by Western blot. Furthermore, immunohistochemical examinations of caspase-3, NF-kappa B and claudin-1 were performed. Results: Major identified constituents of CGE were flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytosterols, beside five isolated phytoconstituents (beta-sitosterol, triacontanol fatty alcohol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, 6-O-pcoumaroyl-beta-D-fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside). The percentage of the phenolic, flavonoid and steroid contents in CGE were 20.55, 6.74 and 98.09 mu g of gallic acid, quercetin and beta-sitosterol equivalents/mg extract, respectively. In DSS-induced mice, CGE treatment ameliorated DAI, body weight loss and colon shortening. CGE attenuated the DSS-induced colonic histopathological alternations, inflammatory cell infiltration and histological scores. CGE elevated GSH, SOD and catalase levels, and suppressed MDA, pro-inflammatory mediators (MPO and NO) as well as cytokines levels in colonic tissues. Moreover, CGE downregulated LPS/TLR4 signaling, caspase-3 and NF-kappa B expressions. CGE treatment inhibited NLRP3 signaling pathway as indicated by the suppression of the protein expression of NLRP3 and cleaved caspase-1, and the ASC mRNA expression in colonic tissues. Addi-tionally, CGE restored tight junction proteins’ (occludin and claudin-1) expressions. Conclusion: Our findings provided evidence for the therapeutic potential of CGE against UC. CGE restored in-testinal mucosal barrier’s integrity, mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory cascade, as well as NF-kappa B/TLR4 and NLRP3 pathways activation in colonic tissues. Notably, CGE in a dose of 200 mg/kg was more effective in ameliorating DSS-induced UC as compared to SAS at the same dose.

We’ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 108-82-7. The above is the message from the blog manager. Application In Synthesis of 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 4740-78-7, Name is 1,3-Dioxan-5-ol, molecular formula is C4H8O3. In an article, author is Doaei, Saeid,once mentioned of 4740-78-7, Formula: C4H8O3.

Interactions of anthropometric indices, rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism and breast cancer: A case-control study

Contradictory results were reported on the effect of fat mass- and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and anthropometric measurements on breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to assess the interactions between rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene, anthropometric indices and BC risk in Iranian women. This case-control study was performed on 540 women including 180 women with BC and 360 healthy women in Tehran, Iran. Physical activity and dietary intakes were assessed by validated questionnaires. Data on sociodemographic and pathologic factors of the participants as well as their blood samples were collected. The rs9939609 FTO gene polymorphism was genotyped using the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). No significant association was found between BC and risk allele of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism after adjustments for the confounders. However, there was a significant association between rs9939609 polymorphism risk allele and BC risk in females with overweight, even after adjusting for age, family history of BC, abortion, BMI and the number of pregnancies (P < .05). The association was disappeared after further adjustments for lifestyle factors including smoking, alcohol consumption, calorie and macronutrients intake, and physical activity. The FTO gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of BC in overweight individuals. This association was influenced by environmental factors including diet, alcohol consumption and smoking. Future studies are required to confirm the association between the FTO gene and BC in overweight females and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 4740-78-7, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C4H8O3.

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