Tag: 100-200

Safety aspects of natural food additives frequently used at their maximum levels in South Korea was written by Yoo, Na-Kyung;Kim, Ye-Hyun;Choi, Soo-Jin. And the article was included in Molecular & Cellular Toxicology in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Natural food additives are widely applied to processed foods, but their maximum usage levels and acceptable daily intake have not been established in most cases. Moreover, relatively little information is available about the safety aspects of natural food additives compared with synthetic ones. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of five natural food additives frequently used in South Korea, such as smoke flavors, erythritol, inositol, shellac, and γ-oryzanol, at practical usage levels to provide basic information about their potential toxicity and for further in vivo studies. The cytotoxicity was assessed for cell viability, membrane damage, and reactive oxygen species generation in cultured intestinal cells and intestinal barrier models. The highest concentrations for cytotoxicity evaluation were set based on their maximum usage and daily intake levels from the Item Manufacturing Report and the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, resp. The results showed that the natural additives tested did not exhibit cytotoxicity at their maximum usage and daily intake levels; however, the cytotoxicity of smoke flavors could be affected by manufacturing forms. Addnl., the potential antioxidant activity of erythritol, inositol, and γ-oryzanol was found. The natural food additives tested did not exhibit cytotoxicity at their maximum usage levels. However, the cytotoxicity of smoke flavors was affected by manufacturing forms, suggesting the importance of manufacturing process for the safety of natural food additives. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

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Bioreduction of fluoroacetophenones by the fungi Aspergillus terreus and Rhizopus oryzae was written by Comasseto, Joao V.;Omori, Alvaro T.;Andrade, Leandro H.;Porto, Andre L. M.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2003.SDS of cas: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

The enantioselective bioreduction of a number of fluoroacetophenones, e.g. I, was carried out with whole cells of Rhizopus oryzae CCT 4964, Aspergillus terreus CCT 3320 and Aspergillus terreus CCT 4083 giving the corresponding alcs. in good yield and high enantioselectivity. Initial results with these fungi indicated that some of them are promising biocatalysts for deracemization reactions of secondary alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4SDS of cas: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 171032-87-4

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Hydrogen Transfer-Mediated Multicomponent Reaction for Direct Synthesis of Quinazolines by a Naphthyridine-Based Iridium Catalyst was written by Tan, Zhenda;Fu, Zhongxin;Yang, Jian;Wu, Yang;Cao, Liang;Jiang, Huanfeng;Li, Juan;Zhang, Min. And the article was included in iScience in 2020.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3 This article mentions the following:

The development of a novel 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-based iridium (III) complex is reported, which exhibits excellent catalytic performance toward a new hydrogen transfer-mediated annulation reaction of 2-nitrobenzylic alcs. R-2-NO₂C₆H₃CHR¹OH (R = H, 5-Me, 3-Me, 5-MeO, 5-Cl, 4-Br, etc.; R¹ = H, Me, Ph) with alcs. R²CH₂OH (R² = C₆H₅, 3-ClC₆H₄, 4-CNC₆H₄, 1-naphthyl, 3-pyridyl, hexyl, etc.) and ammonia. The catalytic transformation proceeds with the striking features of good substrate and functional group compatibility, high step and atom efficiency, no need for addnl. reductants, and liberation of H₂O as the sole byproduct, which endows a new platform for direct access to valuable quinazolines I (R = H, 6-Me, 6-OMe, 7-Br, 4-Me, etc.). Mechanistic investigations suggest that the non-coordinated N-atom in the ligand serves as a side arm to significantly promote the condensation process by hydrogen bonding. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3).

(3-Methyl-2-nitrophenyl)methanol (cas: 80866-76-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Synthetic Route of C8H9NO3

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Chiral Imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-Oxazolines: A Versatile Family of NHC Ligands for the Highly Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Ketones was written by Chinna Ayya, Swamy .P.;Varenikov, Andrii;de Ruiter, Graham. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

Herein the authors report the synthesis and application of a versatile class of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands based on an imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-ylidine backbone that is fused to a chiral oxazoline auxiliary. The key step in the synthesis of these ligands involves the installation of the oxazoline functionality via a microwave-assisted condensation of a cyano-azolium salt with a wide variety of 2-amino alcs. The resulting chiral bidentate NHC-oxazoline ligands form stable complexes with Rh(I) that are efficient catalysts for the enantioselective hydrosilylation of structurally diverse ketones. The corresponding secondary alcs. are isolated in good yields (typically >90%) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (80-95% ee). The reported hydrosilylation occurs at ambient temperatures (40°), with excellent functional group tolerability. Even ketones bearing heterocyclic substituents (e.g., pyridine or thiophene) or complex organic architectures are hydrosilylated efficiently, which is discussed further. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gallium oxide thin films from the AACVD of [Ga(NMe₂)₃]₂ and donor functionalised alcohols was written by Basharat, Siama;Carmalt, Claire J.;Binions, Russell;Palgrave, Robert;Parkin, Ivan P.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2008.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Thin films of Ga₂O₃ were produced from [Ga(NMe₂)₃]₂ and ROH (R = CH₂CH₂NMe₂, CH(CH₂NMe₂)₂, CHMeCH₂NMe₂, CH₂CH₂OMe and CMe₂CH₂OMe) by aerosol assisted CVD on glass. Transparent, unreflective films were obtained at a deposition temperature of 550° using toluene as solvent. The Ga oxide films were analyzed by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, wavelength dispersive anal. of x-rays (WDX) and XPS. The Ga oxide films obtained were x-ray amorphous. Gas-sensing experiments indicated that the films showed an n-type response to EtOH at a variety of temperatures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Fe²⁺ activating persulfate selectively oxidized alcohols by biphasic/homogeneous reaction switch strategy was written by Wang, Junyan;Liu, Xiaona;Wang, Xing;Yin, Hailiang;Guo, Qingbin;Liu, Di. And the article was included in Chemical Papers in 2022.COA of Formula: C7H7ClO This article mentions the following:

A facile and efficient oxidation of alc. by Fe²⁺ activating persulfate was performed and a homogeneous/biphasic reaction switch strategy was proposed to regulate the oxidation process. Na₂S₂O₈ and FeSO₄ were employed as the oxidant and the source of activator Fe(II), resp. Fe²⁺ efficiently excited persulfate, endowing persulfate with powerful oxidation activity. Benefited from this, the oxidation of benzylic primary alcs. and cyclic secondary alcs. could proceed to give the corresponding aldehydes or ketones with good yields (85.2-98.5%) under the optimal conditions of 60°C, 1.5 mol equivalent Na₂S₂O₈ and 0.3 mol equivalent Fe²⁺ to substrate in a water/dichloroethane biphase system. Moreover, the primary alcs. were one-step oxidized into carboxylic acids with high selectivity by raising reaction temperature, increasing the amount of oxidant and switching from biphasic reaction to the water/MeCN homogeneous phase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7COA of Formula: C7H7ClO).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.COA of Formula: C7H7ClO

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Facile Development of Chiral Alkenylboranes from Chiral Diynes for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Silyl Enol Ethers was written by Ren, Xiaoyu;Li, Gen;Wei, Simin;Du, Haifeng. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2015.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A facile development of chiral alkenylboranes (e.g., I) by the hydroboration of chiral diynes with Piers’ borane was successfully achieved for the first time. With the combination of the in situ generated chiral alkenylboranes and tri-tert-butylphosphine as frustrated Lewis pair catalysts, the metal-free asym. hydrogenation of silyl enol ethers was realized to furnish a wide range of optically active secondary alcs. in high yields and up to 99% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Efficient Aluminum Catalysts for the Chemical Conversion of CO₂ into Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature and Atmospheric CO₂ Pressure was written by Kim, Yoseph;Hyun, Kyunglim;Ahn, Duseong;Kim, Ran;Park, Myung Hwan;Kim, Youngjo. And the article was included in ChemSusChem in 2019.Safety of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol This article mentions the following:

A series of dimeric aluminum compounds [Al(OCMe₂CH₂N(R)CH₂X)]₂ [X = pyridin-2-yl, R = H (Pyr^H); X = pyridin-2-yl, R = Me (Pyr^Me); X = furan-2-yl, R = H (Fur^H); X = furan-2-yl, R = Me (Fur^Me); X = thiophen-2-yl, R = H (Thio^H); X = thiophen-2-yl, R = Me (Thio^Me)] containing heterocyclic pendant group attached to the nitrogen catalyze the coupling of CO₂ with epoxides under ambient conditions. In a comparison of their catalytic activities with those of aluminum complexes without pendant groups at N [X = H, R = H (H^H); X = H, R = Me (H^Me)] or with non-heterocyclic pendant groups [X = CH₂CH₂OMe, R = H(OMe^H); X = CH₂CH₂NMe₂, R =H(NMe₂^H); X = CH₂CH₂NMe₂, R = Me (NMe₂^Me)], complexes containing heterocycles, in conjunction with (nBu)₄NBr as a cocatalyst, showed higher catalytic activities for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under the same ambient conditions. The best catalyst system for this reaction is Pyr^H/(nBu)₄NBr system, which gives a turnover number of 99 and a turnover frequency of 4.1 h^-1, making it 14- and 20-times more effective than H^H/(nBu)₄NBr and HMe/(nBu)₄NBr, resp. Although there were no direct interactions between the aluminum and the heteroatoms in the heterocyclic pendants, electronic effects combined with the increased local concentration of CO₂ around the active centers influences the catalytic activity in the coupling of CO₂ with epoxides. In addition, Pyr^H/(nBu)₄NBr showed broad epoxide substrate scope and seven terminal epoxides and two internal epoxides undergo the designed reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9Safety of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol).

1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol (cas: 14123-48-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Safety of 1-(Dimethylamino)-2-methylpropan-2-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization and Dioxygen Reactivity of a New Series of Coordinatively Unsaturated Thiolate-Ligated Manganese(II) Complexes was written by Coggins, Michael K.;Toledo, Santiago;Shaffer, Erika;Kaminsky, Werner;Shearer, Jason;Kovacs, Julie A.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2012.Formula: C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

The synthesis, structural, and spectroscopic characterization of four new coordinatively unsaturated mononuclear thiolate-ligated manganese(II) complexes [Mn^II(S^Me2N₄(6-Me-DPEN))](BF₄) (1), [Mn^II(S^Me2N₄(6-Me-DPPN))](BPh₄)·MeCN (3), [Mn^II(S^Me2N₄(2-QuinoPN))](PF₆)·MeCN·Et₂O (4), and [Mn^II(S^Me2N₄(6-H-DPEN))(MeOH)](BPh₄) (5) S^Me2N₄(6-Me-DPEN), S^Me2N₄(6-Me-DPPN), S^Me2N₄(2-QuinoPN) and S^Me2N₄(6-H-DPEN) is Schiff base from 3-mercapto-3-methyl-2-butanone and N,N-bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, N,N-bis(6-methyl-2-pyridylmethyl)propane-1,3-diamine, N,N-bis(2-quinolinemethyl)-propane-1,3-diamine, N,N-(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine, resp.) are described, along with their magnetic, redox, and reactivity properties. These complexes are structurally related to recently reported [Mn^II(S^Me2N₄(2-QuinoEN))](PF₆) (2) (Coggins, M. K.; Kovacs, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 12470). Dioxygen addition to complexes 1–5 gave five new rare examples of Mn(III) dimers containing a single, unsupported oxo bridge: [Mn^III(S^Me2N₄(6-Me-DPEN))]₂(μ-O)(BF₄)₂·2MeOH (6), [Mn^III(S^Me2N₄(QuinoEN))]₂(μ-O)(PF₆)₂·Et₂O (7), [Mn^III(S^Me2N₄(6-Me-DPPN))]₂(μ-O)(BPh₄)₂ (8), [Mn^III(S^Me2N₄(QuinoPN))]₂(μ-O)(BPh₄)₂ (9), and [Mn^III(S^Me2N₄(6-H-DPEN))]₂(μ-O)(PF₆)₂·2MeCN (10). Labeling studies show that the oxo atom is derived from ¹⁸O₂. Ligand modifications, involving either the insertion of a methylene into the backbone or the placement of an ortho substituent on the N-heterocyclic amine, noticeably modulate the magnetic and reactivity properties. Fits to solid-state magnetic susceptibility data show that the Mn(III) ions of μ-oxo dimers 6–10 are moderately antiferromagnetically coupled, with coupling constants (2J) that fall within the expected range. Metastable intermediates, which ultimately convert to μ-oxo bridged 6 and 7, are observed in low-temperature reactions between 1 and 2 and dioxygen. Complexes 3–5, however, do not form observable intermediates, thus illustrating the effect that relatively minor ligand modifications have upon the stability of metastable dioxygen-derived species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Formula: C7H9NO).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C7H9NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Sustainable oxidation of olefins and sulfides employing nanopolyoxomolybdate supported by ionic liquid on dendritic fibrous nanosilica was written by Xiao, BoAn;Sadeghzadeh, Seyed Mohsen. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2022.Recommanded Product: 3391-86-4 This article mentions the following:

Here, we reported a green and economical method for the oxidation of sulfides to sulfones and sulfoxides in water, and epoxidation of olefins in ethanol with O₂ in the presence of keplerate nanosized polyoxomolybdate [Mo₃₆₈] supported by ionic liquid between DFNS. In order to prepare the catalyst as a substrate to support [Mo₃₆₈] NPs, an ionic liquid was employed to activate the DFNS exterior level. Ionic liquid removed the requirement for a reducing agent and performed as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent for [Mo₃₆₈] NPs. The reaction efficiencies and selectivity were influenced by catalyst concentration A different structural series of olefins and sulfides was set into intended oxidation products in spite of the electronic essence of the substituents. Despite the presence of heterogeneous reaction blends, no problems were noted with reaction progress. Products were easily removed from the green medium, and the catalyst was employed various times without remarkable reduction in performance and selectivity. The results of UV-vis, Raman spectral data, TGA, FT-IR, XRD, TEM, and FESEM showed the involvement of a Mo(VI) peroxo complex in oxidation reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Recommanded Product: 3391-86-4).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 3391-86-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts