Alcohols-buliding-blocks

Base-Induced Mechanistic Variation in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides was written by Hu, Yanhe;Liu, Jing;Lu, Zhixin;Luo, Xiancai;Zhang, Heng;Lan, Yu;Lei, Aiwen. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2010.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

A mechanism, which is distinct from the traditional one when sodium alkoxide was used instead of tertiary amines, was proposed for the alkoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides. The catalytic cycle was composed of oxidative addition, subsequent ArPdOR formation, CO insertion to Pd-OR, and final reductive elimination of ArPdCOOR. The kinetic simultaneity of the formation of deiodinated side product from the aryl iodide and aldehyde from corresponding alc. provided strong evidence for the existence of ArPdOR species. The observation of thioether, as the other competitive product in palladium catalyzed thiocarbonylation of aryl iodides and sodium alkylthiolate, also indicate the possibility of metathesis between ArPdI and sodium alkylthiolate. Preliminary kinetic studies revealed that neither oxidative addition nor reductive elimination was rate limiting. DFT calculation displayed preference for CO insertion into Pd-OR bond. The advantage of this novel mechanism had been demonstrated in the facile alkoxycarbonylation and thiocarbonylation. The ethoxycarbonylation of aryl iodides under room temperature and balloon pressure of CO in the presence of EtONa were examined, and good to high yields were obtained; the t-butoxycarbonylation reactions in the presence of t-BuONa were achieved, and the alkylthiocarbonylation (including the t-butylthiocarbonylation) of aryl iodides in the presence of sodium alkylthiolate were also investigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Name: Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Total synthesis of (±)-monomorine was written by Le, Tri Q.;Oliver, Robert M. III;Arcari, Joel T.;Mitton-Fry, Mark J.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2012.HPLC of Formula: 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

An efficient, two-operation synthesis of the trail ant pheromone (±)-monomorine (I) is reported. The synthesis features an aqueous Claisen-Schmidt condensation followed by the stereocontrolled installation of the three resident stereocenters in a single operation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0HPLC of Formula: 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis of chiral α-benzyl-β²-hydroxy carboxylic acids through iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of α-oxymethylcinnamic acids was written by Li, Ze-Yu;Song, Song;Zhu, Shou-Fei;Guo, Na;Wang, Li-Xin;Zhou, Qi-Lin. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2014.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

An asym. hydrogenation of α-oxymethylcinnamic acids was developed by using chiral spiro phosphine-oxazoline/iridium complexes as catalysts to prepare β²-hydroxycarboxylic acids I [R = C₆H₅, 3,5-(OCH₃)₂C₆H₃, C₆H₄CH₂, etc.; Ar = C₆H₅, 3,4-(OCH₂O)C₆H₃, 3-H₃CO-4-C₆H₅CH₂O-C₆H₃, etc.] with high reactivity (TON up to 2000) and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99.5% ee) under mild conditions. By using this highly efficient asym. hydrogenation as a key step, a concise enantioselective total synthesis of natural product homoisoflavone II was accomplished in 7 steps with 59% overall yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dynamic Kinetic Cross-Electrophile Arylation of Benzyl Alcohols by Nickel Catalysis was written by Guo, Peng;Wang, Ke;Jin, Wen-Jie;Xie, Hao;Qi, Liangliang;Liu, Xue-Yuan;Shu, Xing-Zhong. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane This article mentions the following:

Herein, a dynamic kinetic cross-coupling approach for the direct functionalization of alcs were reported. The feasibility of this strategy was demonstrated by a nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile arylation reaction of benzyl alcs. with (hetero)aryl electrophiles. The reaction proceeded with a broad substrate scope of both coupling partners. The electron-rich, electron-poor and ortho-/meta-/para-substituted (hetero)aryl electrophiles (e.g., Ar-OTf, Ar-I, Ar-Br, and inert Ar-Cl) all coupled well. Most of the functionalities, including aldehyde, ketone, amide, ester, nitrile, sulfone, furan, thiophene, benzothiophene, pyridine, quinolone, Ar-SiMe3, Ar-Bpin, and Ar-SnBu3, were tolerated. The dynamic nature of this method enabled the direct arylation of benzylic alc. in the presence of various nucleophilic groups, including non-activated primary/secondary/tertiary alcs., phenols, and free indoles. It thus offered a robust alternative to existing methods for the precise construction of diarylmethanes. The synthetic utility of the method was demonstrated by a concise synthesis of biol. active mols. and by its application to peptide modification and conjugation. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction of in situ formed benzyl oxalates with nickel, possibly via a radical process was an initial step in the reaction with aryl electrophiles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Quality Control of 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficient and simple method for the quantification of alkyl polyglycosides by hydrolysis and photometric determination of reducing sugars was written by Buttler, Judith R.;Bechtold, Thomas;Pham, Tung. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol This article mentions the following:

Alkyl polyglycosides (APG) are important biodegradable surfactants for many applications. The lack of a chromophoric group and the mixture of stereoisomers and oligomers make the quantification by merely chromatic separation difficult. A simple and efficient quantification assay was developed based on the acid hydrolysis of alkyl polyglycoside and subsequent quantification of the hydrolytically cleaved glucose using the neocuproine assay. Complete hydrolysis of alkyl polyglycoside is achieved with 16 wt% sulfuric acid at 100 °C after 30 min and the separation of fatty alc. and clouding of the reaction mixture is prevented by adding 1,2-propylene-glycol. Hydrolytically cleaved sugars reduce the Cu(II)-neocuproine complex, leading to a color shift which permits the spectrophotometric quantification at 452 nm. A linear correlation between the absorbance of reduced Cu(II)-neocuproine complex and glucose or alkyl polyglycoside concentration is observed up to an analyte concentration of 25 mg/L. Statistical anal. according to one-tailled T-test (S′ 95%), has shown that the lower detection limit for alkyl polyglycosides is 2.97 mg/L and the limit of quantification 8.24 mg/L, resp. Apart from the simple execution, the assay is reliable and can be utilized both as scientific technique to quantify APG as well as for process and quality control in the industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of 1,2-Propanediol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Spatially resolved metabolomics reveals variety-specific metabolic changes in banana pulp during postharvest senescence was written by Yin, Zhibin;Dong, Tao;Huang, Wenjie;Du, Mingyi;Chen, Dong;Fernie, Alisdair R.;Yi, Ganjun;Yan, Shijuan. And the article was included in Food Chemistry: X in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Banana is one of most popular fruits globally due to health-promoting and disease-preventing effects, yet little is known about in situ metabolic changes across banana varieties. Here, we integrated gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LDI-MSI) and metabolomics to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and levels of metabolites within Brazil and Dongguan banana pulps during postharvest senescence. Metabolomics results indicated that both postripening stages and banana varieties contribute to metabolite levels. Benefiting from improved ionization efficiency of small-mol. metabolites and less peak interference, we visualized the spatiotemporal distribution of sugars, amino acids (AAs) and monoamines within pulps using AuNP-assisted LDI-MSI for the first time, revealing that AAs and monoamines exclusively accumulated in the middle region near the seed zone. Monosaccharides and di/trisaccharides were generally distributed across entire pulps but exhibited different accumulation patterns. These findings provide a guide for breeding new varieties and improving extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Stereoselective ketone reduction by a carbonyl reductase from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor. Substrate specificity, enantioselectivity and enzyme-substrate docking studies was written by Zhu, Dunming;Yang, Yan;Buynak, John D.;Hua, Ling. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2006.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

In our effort to search for effective carbonyl reductases, the activity and enantioselectivity of a carbonyl reductase from Sporobolomyces salmonicolor have been evaluated toward the reduction of a variety of ketones. This carbonyl reductase (SSCR) reduces a broad spectrum of ketones including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, as well as α- and β-ketoesters. Among these substrates, SSCR shows highest activity for the reduction of α-ketoesters. Aromatic α-ketoesters are reduced to (S)-α-hydroxy esters, while (R)-enantiomers are obtained from the reduction of aliphatic counterparts. This interesting observation is consistent with enzyme-substrate docking studies, which show that hydride transfer occurs at the different faces of carbonyl group for aromatic and aliphatic α-ketoesters. It is worthy to note that sterically bulky ketone substrates, such as 2′-methoxyacetophenone, 1-adamantyl Me ketone, Et 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxopentanoate and Et 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutanoate, are reduced to the corresponding alcs. with excellent optical purity. Thus, SSCR possesses an unusually broad substrate specificity and is especially useful for the reduction of ketones with sterically bulky substituents. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Computed Properties of C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Flexible UV Exposure Sensor Based on UV Responsive Polymer was written by Lee, Michele E.;Armani, Andrea M.. And the article was included in ACS Sensors in 2016.Recommanded Product: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol This article mentions the following:

One critical challenge facing society is balancing the pos. and neg. effects of UV exposure. While UV exposure contributes to Vitamin D production, in excess, UV exposure is linked to skin cancer. Therefore, methods to monitor UV exposure and help society achieve this delicate balance have been the focus of numerous research efforts. Here, we leverage advances in functional materials to create a wearable UV light sensor. The flexible, lightweight trilayer sensor, which is composed of a UV responsive polymer layer sandwiched between two transparent protective layers made from FDA-approved polymers, changes color from transparent to yellow upon UV exposure. Notably, the entire trilayer system is less than 250mm thick, allowing it to maintain mech. flexibility. The UV responsive material leverages the photocleavable ortho-nitrobenzyl (ONB) moiety. Because a singular ONB cleaving group is centrally located along the polymer backbone, the colorimetric response is very controlled. Using an AM1.5 solar simulator, the sensor’s linear working range is demonstrated to cover the medically relevant range of 15 min to 1 h. Addnl., we determine the sensor’s robustness to potential environmental and mech. stress as well as long-term storage. After mech. bending and water immersion, the performance is unchanged. Storage in ambient conditions also does not degrade the behavior. When combined with sunscreen, the sensor’s response is predictably decreased due to the attenuation of the UV light. This flexible colorimetric sensor based on a smart polymer system can greatly aid society in achieving a balance in sufficient UV exposure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Recommanded Product: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Asymmetric amination of meso-epoxide with vegetable powder as a low-toxicity catalyst was written by Takeuchi, Yuki;Asano, Tatsuhiro;Tsuzaki, Kazuya;Wada, Koichi;Kurata, Hiroyuki. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Recommanded Product: 40571-86-6 This article mentions the following:

This paper describes the scope and limitation of substrates subjected to asym. amination with epoxides catalyzed by a soluble soybean polysaccharide (Soyafibe S-DN), which we recently discovered from the reaction of 1,2-epoxycyclohexane with cyclopropylamine. Various meso-epoxides reacted with various amines afforded the corresponding products with good enantiomeric selectivity. Since it was found that pectin was found to have a catalytic ability after screening com. available polysaccharides, we studied 33 different vegetable powders having pectic substances, and we found that many vegetable powders showed catalytic ability. These results should guide in using vegetable components as low-toxic catalysts for the production of pharmaceuticals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Recommanded Product: 40571-86-6).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 40571-86-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The novel ketoprofen amides – synthesis and biological evaluation as antioxidants, lipoxygenase inhibitors and cytostatic agents was written by Rajic, Zrinka;Hadjipavlou-Litina, Dimitra;Pontiki, Eleni;Kralj, Marijeta;Suman, Lidija;Zorc, Branka. And the article was included in Chemical Biology & Drug Design in 2010.Application of 59960-32-6 This article mentions the following:

The novel amides of ketoprofen and its reduced derivatives (5a-f, 4a-n, 6a-g) with aromatic and cycloalkyl amines or hydroxylamines were prepared and screened for their reducing and cytostatic activity as well as for their ability to inhibit soybean lipoxygenase and lipid peroxidation 1,1-Diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl test for reducing ability revealed that ketoprofen amides were more potent antioxidants than the amides of the reduced ketoprofen derivatives The most active compound was benzhydryl ketoprofen amide 5f. Lipoxygenase inhibition of the tested compounds varied from strong to very weak. The most potent compound was benzhydryl derivative 6f (IC₅₀ = 20.5 μM). Aromatic and cycloalkyl amides 4 and 5 were more potent lipoxygenase inhibitors than derivatives with carboxylic group. Aromatic amides of series 4 and 5 showed excellent lipid peroxidation inhibition (92.2-99.9%). On the other hand, the most pronounced cytostatic activity was exerted by O-benzyl derivative 4i, although in general all tested reduced and non-reduced lipophilic derivatives showed similar activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6Application of 59960-32-6).

2-(3-(Hydroxy(phenyl)methyl)phenyl)propanoic acid (cas: 59960-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application of 59960-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts