Author: tianli

Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 873-76-7, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol, molecular formula is C7H7ClO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Bukiya, Anna N., introduce the new discover, Quality Control of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol.

Cholesterol antagonism of alcohol inhibition of smooth muscle BK channel requires cell integrity and involves a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism(s)

Alcohol constricts cerebral arteries via inhibition of voltage/calcium-gated, large conductance potassium (BK) channels in vascular myocytes. Using a rat model of high-cholesterol (high-CLR) diet and CLR enrichment of cerebral arteries in vitro, we recently showed that CLR protected against alcohol-induced constriction of cerebral arteries. The subcellular mechanism(s) underlying CLR protection against alcohol-induced constriction of the artery is unclear. Here we use a rat model of high-CLR diet and patch-clamp recording of BK channels in inside-out patches from cerebral artery myocytes to demonstrate that this diet antagonizes inhibition of BK currents by 50 mM ethanol. High-CLR-driven protection against alcohol inhibition of BK currents is reversed following CLR depletion in vitro. Similar to CLR accumulation in vivo, pre-incubation of arterial myocytes from normocholes-terolemic rats in CLR-enriching media in vitro protects against alcohol-induced inhibition of BK current. However, application of CLR-enriching media to cell-free membrane patches does not protect against the alcohol effect. These different outcomes point to the involvement of cell signaling in CLR-alcohol interaction on BK channels. Incubation of myocytes with the PKC activators phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, but not with the PKC inhibitor Gouml 6983, prior to patch excision precludes CLR enrichment from antagonizing alcohol action. Thus, PKC activation either disables the CLR target(s) or competes with elevated CLR. Favoring the latter possibility, 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol protects against alcohol-induced inhibition of BK currents in patches from myocytes with naive CLR. Our findings document that CLR antagonism of alcohol-induced BK channel inhibition requires cell integrity and is enabled by a PKC-dependent mechanism(s).

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 873-76-7. Quality Control of (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Application In Synthesis of 5-Hexen-1-ol, 821-41-0, Name is 5-Hexen-1-ol, molecular formula is C6H12O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Tang, Xingfei, introduce the new discover.

Improved hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil model compounds with polymethylhydrosiloxane by Bronsted acidic zeolites

Bio-oil, one of significant renewable energy, was blocked from its direct application by thermodynamic instability due to the high oxygen content, so its deoxygenation needs urgent solution. Avoiding the disadvantages of the traditional catalytic method, such as harsh reaction conditions, potential explosion risk and environmental pollution, we utilize solid-acidic zeolites as low-load Pd-based catalyst supports instead of corrosive acid additives, with polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as the hydrogen-supplying agent, to achieve efficient hydro-deoxygenation of bio-oil models (carbonyl compounds) under mild conditions. The reaction conditions such as Si/Al ratio of HZSM-5 zeolite, temperature, solvent, and the type of Pd salts precursor are optimized. In particular, we have found that polar protic solvents improve catalytic efficiency by promoting proton transfer in the reaction. In an open-to-air, 97.9% ethylbenzene yield can be obtained for acetophenone conversion under mild conditions (0.5 wt% Pd/HZSM-5(18), 65 degrees C, 3 h, n-butanol as solvent), which is more efficient and environmental friendly than currently reports. Meanwhile, hydrogenation-dehydration mechanism was proposed, and the Brunsted acid in HZSM-5 promotes the dehydration of the alcohol (rate-limiting step) by efficiently accelerating the removal of hydroxyl groups and the proton transfer of the reaction. Furthermore, the catalytic scheme exhibits the excellent stability (reusable seven times) and versatility. The potential of a green catalytic technology using with PMHS opens attractive opportunities for bio-oil upgrading.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 821-41-0. Application In Synthesis of 5-Hexen-1-ol.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 108-82-7, Name is 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol, formurla is C9H20O. In a document, author is He, Wenjia, introducing its new discovery. Safety of 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol.

Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe strains on chemical composition and sensory quality of ciders made from Finnish apple cultivars

Composition of volatile compounds and concentrations of sugars and organic acids were studied in apple ciders produced with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeasts using eleven different Finnish apple cultivars. Moreover, sensory quality of selected ciders was studied using check-all-that-apply test with untrained panelists. Seventy-seven volatile compounds were detected in the samples using HS-SPME-GC-MS. In general, the ciders had higher concentrations of higher alcohols, aldehydes, and acetals whereas the juices contained higher contents of C6-alcohols. Simultaneously, fermentation using S. pombe resulted in lower concentrations of malic acid, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and volatile acids and higher concentrations of residual sugars compared to S. cerevisiae. Ciders made using S. cerevisiae were characterized as ‘alcoholic’ and `yeasty’ while S. pombe ciders were more frequently described as ‘sweet’, ‘honey-like’, and less rated as sour. Besides the strong effect by the yeasts, apple cultivars had significant effects on the compositional and sensorial properties of apple ciders.

If you are hungry for even more, make sure to check my other article about 108-82-7, Safety of 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Schripp, Tobias, once mentioned the application of 2807-30-9, Name is 2-Propoxyethanol, molecular formula is C5H12O2, molecular weight is 104.1476, MDL number is MFCD00072645, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, Formula: C5H12O2.

Technical application of a ternary alternative jet fuel blend – Chemical characterization and impact on jet engine particle emission

The use of alternative fuels is an essential element in future aviation. There are currently different approaches with regard to fuel production processes and feedstock materials. This requires flexible handling of available fuel quantities. The production of fuel mixtures (blends) is inevitable for an effective usage of commercially available fuel components. Within the framework of the project DEMO-SPK approx. 600 t of a ternary mixture (multiblend) of alternative jet fuels was produced and used in a real airport infrastructure at the airport Leipzig/Halle. Production and application were accompanied by extensive R&D activities to show that on-spec, semi-synthetic multiblends can be produced from several different synthetic fuels. One important aspect is the emission of soot particles from aircraft engines. The Multiblend Jet A-1 has been analyzed in a flow reactor setup regarding the formation of soot precursor compounds in comparison to a reference Jet A-1. The experiment revealed a lower formation of relevant soot precursors which also corresponds to the higher hydrogen content of the Multiblend Jet A-1 compared to the reference fuel. The lower soot formation in a real aircraft engine has been proven during ground runs of an A300-600 aircraft with PW4158 engines. The Multiblend Jet A-1 showed lower particle number and particle mass emission than the reference fuel. The difference to the reference fuel decreased with increasing power settings. In summary, the emission of particle mass is reduced by similar to 29 % and the number of emitted particles is reduced by similar to 37 % if the ICAO landing-and-take-off cycle is used for evaluation.

If you are interested in 2807-30-9, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Formula: C5H12O2.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Formula: C5H13NO2, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.115-70-8, Name is 2-Amino-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol, SMILES is OCC(CC)(N)CO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Peterson, Cora, introduce the new discover.

Assessment of Annual Cost of Substance Use Disorder in US Hospitals

IMPORTANCE A persistently high US drug overdose death toll and increasing health care use associated with substance use disorder (SUD) create urgency for comprehensive estimates of attributable direct costs, which can assist in identifying cost-effective ways to prevent SUD and help people to receive effective treatment. OBJECTIVE To estimate the annual attributable medical cost of SUD in US hospitals from the health care payer perspective. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This economic evaluation of observational data used multivariable regression analysis and mathematical modeling of hospital encounter costs, controlling for patient demographic, clinical, and insurance characteristics, and compared encounters with and without secondary SUD diagnosis to statistically identify the total attributable cost of SUD. Nationally representative hospital emergency department (ED) and inpatient encounters from the 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample were studied. Statistical analysis was performed from March to June 2020. EXPOSURES International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) principal or secondary SUD diagnosis on the hospital discharge record according to the Clinical Classifications Software categories (disorders related to alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, and other substances). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Annual attributable SUD medical cost in hospitals overall and by substance type (eg, alcohol). The number of encounters (ED and inpatient) with SUD diagnosis (principal or secondary) and the mean cost attributable to SUD per encounter by substance type are also reported. RESULTS This study examined a total of 124 573 175 hospital ED encounters and 33 648 910 hospital inpatient encounters from the 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Inpatient Sample. Total annual estimated attributable SUD medical cost in hospitals was $13.2 billion. By substance type, the cost ranged from $4 million for inhalantrelated disorders to $7.6 billion for alcohol-related disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study’s results suggest that the cost of effective prevention and treatment may be substantially offset by a reduction in the high direct medical cost of SUD hospital care. The findings of this study may inform the treatment of patients with SUD during hospitalization, which presents a critical opportunity to engage patients who are at high risk for overdose. Aligning incentives such that prevention cost savings accrue to payers and practitioners that are otherwise responsible for SUD-related medical costs in hospitals and other health care settings may encourage prevention investment.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 115-70-8. Formula: C5H13NO2.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 104-38-1, Name is 1,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene, molecular formula is C10H14O4. In an article, author is Luo, Xingguang,once mentioned of 104-38-1, SDS of cas: 104-38-1.

Significant, replicable, and functional associations between KTN1 variants and alcohol and drug codependence

The gray matter volume (GMV) of the putamen has been reported to be regulated by kinectin 1 gene (KTN1). As a hub of the dopaminergic circuit, the putamen is widely implicated in the etiological processes of substance use disorders (SUD). Here, we aimed to identify robust and reliable associations between KTN1 SNPs and SUD across multiple samples. We examined the associations between SUD and KTN1 SNPs in four independent population-based or family-based samples (n = 10,209). The potential regulatory effects of the risk alleles on the putamen GMVs, the effects of alcohol, nicotine, marijuana and cocaine on KTN1 mRNA expression, and the relationship between KTN1 mRNA expression and SUD were explored. We found that a total of 23 SNPs were associated with SUD across at least two independent samples (1.4 x 10(-4) <= p <= 0.049), including one SNP (rs12895072) across three samples (8.8 x 10(-3) <= p <= 0.049). Four other SNPs were significantly or suggestively associated with SUD only in European-Australians (4.8 x 10(-4) <= p <= 0.058). All of the SUD-risk alleles of these 27 SNPs increased (beta > 0) the putamen GMVs and represented major alleles (f > 0.5) in Europeans. Twenty-two SNPs were potentially biologically functional. Alcohol, nicotine and cocaine significantly affected the KTN1 mRNA expression, and the KTN1 mRNA was differentially expressed between nicotine or cocaine dependent and control subjects. We concluded that there was a replicable and robust relationship among the KTN1 variants, KTN1 mRNA expression, putamen GMVs, molecular effects of substances, and SUD, suggesting that some risk KTN1 alleles might increase kinectin 1 expression in the putamen, altering putamen structures and functions, and leading to SUD.

Interested yet? Keep reading other articles of 104-38-1, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. SDS of cas: 104-38-1.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemistry is an experimental science, Formula: C4H8O3, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 4740-78-7, Name is 1,3-Dioxan-5-ol, molecular formula is C4H8O3, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Bitire, Sarah Oluwabunmi.

Transesterification of parsley seed oil using a green catalyst: considering the optimization process and modeling

Y The production of bio-based diesel by using calcium oxide catalyst derived from waste material was investigated in this work as well as the influence of varying the process variables on the biodiesel yield. The optimisation of the process variables (ratio of alcohol-to-oil, temperature, and the amount of catalyst) for parsley biodiesel was achieved using RSM. The biodiesel yield of 92.19% was predicted from the data analysis as the optimum yield at optimum reaction conditions of 9.4:1, 59.31 degrees C, and 2.7 wt% for the molar ratio of alcohol: oil, temperature and catalyst amount respectively. The characterisation of the biodiesel was achieved with FTIR and GC-MS. Also, the fuel characteristics of biodiesel were within the specifications of the ASTM D6751.

Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 4740-78-7, in my other articles. Formula: C4H8O3.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalysts are substances that increase the reaction rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. 124-76-5, Name is Isoborneol, SMILES is CC1(C)C2(C)CCC1CC2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Zhao, Shuyan, introduce the new discover, Application In Synthesis of Isoborneol.

Formation of perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) during the exposure of earthworms to 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA)

6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) is a novel perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) alternative used globally in aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs). Although 6:2 FTSA has been recently detected in the environment, its fate in terrestrial invertebrates remains unclear. The uptake, elimination and biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were investigated after in vivo and in vitro exposure. 6:2 FTSA could be biodegraded by microorganismsin soil to trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). The uptake rate constant (k(u)) and biotato-soil accumulation factor (BSAF) of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms were 0.185 g(oc)/g(ww)/d and 0.685 g(oc)/g(ww), respectively, indicating high bioaccumulative ability in earthworms. Five terminal perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) metabolites, including TFA, PFPrA, PFBA, PFPeA and PFHxA were observed in both in vivo and in vitro exposure tests, with TFA as the predominant metabolite. However, no perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) was observed in the present study. The elimination rate constants (ke) increased in the order: 6:2 FTSA (0.057/d) < TFA (0.058/d) < PFPrA (0.071/d) < PFBA (0.084/d) < PFHxA (0.182/d) < PFPeA (0.193/d). Biodegradation of 6:2 FTSA in the earthworm homogenates, cytolchrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme solutions and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) enzyme solutions fitted well with the first order kinetics. The biotransformation rate constants (k) were in the following order: homogenates (0.012/h) > CYP450 (0.009/h) > GST (0.007/h), implying that CYP450 and GST were involved in biotransformation of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms. This study provides important theoretical evidence for the fate of 6:2 FTSA in earthworms. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 124-76-5 is helpful to your research. Application In Synthesis of Isoborneol.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Recommanded Product: 2,2′-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol, 112-27-6, Name is 2,2′-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol, molecular formula is C6H14O4, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Sokolovsky, Alexander W., introduce the new discover.

Preliminary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smoking and vaping in college students

We examined tobacco use changes in young adult college students in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on smoking and vaping. First, we evaluated changes in tobacco use from pre to post campus closure focusing on smoking and electronic nicotine vaping frequency (days) and quantity (cigarettes/cartridges per day). Also, given the potential protective effects of pausing (temporarily or permanently discontinuing) smoking or vaping, we evaluated its predictors. We hypothesized that generalized anxiety and moving home would increase the odds of pausing. We also explored effects of COVID-related news exposure and seeking on tobacco use. We re-contacted young adults two years after they completed a study on alcohol and marijuana co-use. A subset (N = 83; 26.6% of the 312 respondents) were enrolled in college and reported use of cigarettes (n = 35) and/or e cigarettes (n = 69) in the week prior to their campus closing (PC). Paired sample t-tests compared smoking and vaping frequency and quantity PC to past-week use since closing (SC). Multivariate logistic regression models were fit to examine predictors of pausing. Both smoking and vaping frequency decreased from PC to SC; however, decreased frequency did not correspond to reduced quantity. Twenty-four participants (28.9%) paused past-week use SC. Higher anxiety and moving home (versus living independently) were related to increased odds of pausing, whereas COVID-19 related news exposure and seeking were related to decreased odds of pausing. Characterizing COVID-19 related tobacco use change provides insights into how college students respond to novel health threats and informs potential interventions.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 112-27-6. Recommanded Product: 2,2′-(Ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))diethanol.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthetic Route of 124-76-5, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 124-76-5, Name is Isoborneol, SMILES is CC1(C)C2(C)CCC1CC2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Biscay, Julien, introduce new discover of the category.

Electrochemical monitoring of alcohol in sweat

Rapid, periodic monitoring and detection of ethanol (EtOH) after consumption via a non-invasive measurement has been an area of increased research in recent years. Current point-of-care or on-site detection strategies rely on single use sensors which are inadequate for monitoring during a longer period. A low cost, portable and novel approach is developed here for real-time monitoring over several days utilising electrochemical techniques. The sensor shows oxidation of the ethanol in phosphate buffer and artificial sweat using the amperometric response from the application of +0.9 V to the polyaniline modified screen printed electrode using 1 mM EtOH as the averaged amount of EtOH eliminated in sweat after the consumption of one alcoholic beverage. Our enzyme based electrochemical sensor exhibits a qualitative assessment of the presence of EtOH in small volumes (<= 40 mu L) of 0.1 M sodium bicarbonate and subsequently artificial sweat, with 50 measurements taken daily over 11 days. While quantitative information is not obtained, the sensor system exhibits excellent stability after 3 months' dried storage in this complex biological matrix in an oxygen free cabinet. This addresses one of the key challenges for enzyme based electrochemical sensors, namely, the ability for real-time monitoring in complex biological matrices. The qualitative response illustrates the potential for this sensor to be exploited by non-experts which suggests the promise for their wider application in next-generation wearable electronics necessary for alcohol monitoring. Synthetic Route of 124-76-5, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 124-76-5.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts