Month: February 2023

1,2-Diketones as photoinitiators of both cationic and free-radical photopolymerization under UV (392 nm) or Blue (455 nm) LEDs was written by Zhang, Jing;Wang, Shuhui;Lalevee, Jacques;Morlet-Savary, Fabrice;Lam, Elizabeth S.-H.;Graff, Bernadette;Liu, Jing;Xing, Feiyue;Xiao, Pu. And the article was included in Journal of Polymer Science (Hoboken, NJ, United States) in 2020.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

The photoinitiation abilities of three 1,2-diketones [i.e., acenaphthenequinone (ANPQ), aceanthrenequinone (AATQ), and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PANQ)]-based photoinitiating systems [PISs, with additives such as iodonium salt, N-vinylcarbazole (NVK), tertiary amine, and phenacyl bromide (R-Br)] for cationic photopolymerization and free-radical photopolymerization under the irradiation of UV (UV; 392 nm) or blue (455 nm) light-emitting diode (LED) bulb are investigated. All 1,2-diketones studied exhibit ground state absorption that match with the emission spectra of UV (392 nm) or blue LED (455 nm) better than that of the well-known blue-light-sensitive photoinitiator camphorquinone (CQ). In particular, AATQ/iodonium salt/NVK can show high photoinitiating ability (with epoxide conversion yield >70%) under the UV light irradiation due to the effect of NVK. In addition, 1,2-diketone/iodonium salt (and optional NVK) systems are capable of initiating free-radical photopolymerization of methacrylates, with conversions of 50-58%. Furthermore, some 1,2-diketone/tertiary amine (and optional R-Br) combinations are found to demonstrate high efficiency to initiate free-radical photopolymerization, and 71% of methacrylate conversion can be achieved with PANQ/tertiary amine/R-Br PIS. Some 1,2-ketone-based PISs can even exhibit higher efficiency than the CQ-based systems. The photochem. mechanism of the radical generation from the 1,2-diketone-based PISs is investigated and consistent with the related photopolymerization efficiency. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Catalytic effect of molecular iodine in the pyrrolization of tetramethoxytetrahydrofuran with optically active amines was written by Akhmedov, I. M.;Guseinov, E. Z.;Safarova, A. S.;Sadygova, A. Z.;Kurbanova, M. M.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2016.Application of 5856-63-3 This article mentions the following:

A procedure for the synthesis of optically active 3,4-dimethoxypyrroles was developed. The reaction of 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxytetrahydrofuran with optically active amines in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine (10 mol %) at 70-75掳 (8 h) afforded 65-75% of alkoxypyrroles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3Application of 5856-63-3).

(R)-2-Aminobutan-1-ol (cas: 5856-63-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 5856-63-3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Separation of enantiopure m-substituted 1-phenylethanols in high space-time yield using Bacillus subtilis esterase was written by Zheng, Gao-Wei;Liu, Xu-Yun;Zhang, Zhi-Jun;Tian, Ping;Lin, Guo-Qiang;Xu, Jian-He. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2013.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

A recombinant Bacillus subtilis esterase (BsE) expressed in E. coli was found to exhibit excellent enantioselectivity (E was always greater than 100) towards m-substituted 1-phenylethanol acetates in the enantioselective hydrolysis reaction. An explanation for the high enantioselectivity observed towards these substrates was provided by mol. modeling. Moreover, the BsE also showed strong tolerance towards a high concentration of m-substituted 1-phenylethanol acetates (up to 1 M). Based on these excellent catalytic properties of BsE, a kind of m-substituted 1-phenylethanols, (R)-1-(3-chlorophenyl)ethanol, was efficiently synthesized in space-time yield of 920 g per L per day and 97% ee, indicating that the BsE was considered as a potentially ideal and promising biocatalyst for large-scale production of optically active m-substituted 1-phenylethanols. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation, characterization and heterogeneous catalytic applications of GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW nanocomposite in chemoselective and green oxidation of alcohols with aqueous H₂O₂ was written by Darvishi, Kamran;Amani, Kamal;Rezaei, Manuchehr. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Graphene oxide-Fe₃O₄-NH₃⁺H₂PW₁₂O₄₀^– magnetic nanocomposite (GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW) was prepared by linking amino-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄-NH₂) on the graphene oxide (GO), and then grafting 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) on the graphene oxide-magnetite hybrid (GO-Fe₃O₄-NH₂). The obtained GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW nanocomposite was well characterized with different techniques such as FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, EDX, TGA-DTA, AGFM, ICP and BET measurements. The used techniques showed that the graphene oxide layers were well prepared and the various stages of preparation of the GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW nanocomposites successfully completed. This new nanocomposite displayed excellent performance as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidation of alcs. with H₂O₂. The as-prepared GO/Fe₃O₄/HPW catalyst was more stable and recyclable at least five times without significantly reducing its catalytic activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of calcium lactate prepared from butter clam Saxidomus purpuratus shell powder was written by Yoon, In Seoung;Lee, Gyoon-Woo;Lee, hYun Ji;Park, Sung Hwan;Park, Sun Young;Lee, Su Gwang;Kim, Jin-Soo;Heu, Min Soo. And the article was included in Hanguk Susan Kwahak Hoeji in 2016.Application In Synthesis of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate This article mentions the following:

To facilitate the effective use of butter clam shell as a natural calcium resource, we determined the optimal conditions for calcium lactate (BCCL) preparation with high solubility using response surface methodol. (RSM). The polynomial models developed by RSM for pH, solubility and yield were highly effective in describing the relationships between factors (P<0.05). Increased molar ratios of calcined powder (BCCP) from butter clam shell led to reduced solubility, yield, color values and overall quality. The critical values of multiple response optimization to independent variables were 1.75 M and 0.94 M for lactic acid and BCCP, resp. The actual values (pH 7.23, 97.42% for solubility and 423.22% for yield) under optimization conditions were similar to the predicted values. White indexes of BCCLs were in the range of 86.70-90.86. Therefore, organic acid treatment improved color value. The buffering capacity of BCCLs was strong, at pH 2.82 to 3.80, upon the addition of less than 2 mL of 1 N HCl. The calcium content and solubility of BCCLs were 6.2-16.7 g/100 g and 93.6-98.5%, resp. Fourier transform anal. of IR spectroscopy data identified BCCL as calcium lactate pentahydrate, and the anal. of microstructure by field emission SEM revealed an irregular form. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Application In Synthesis of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of practical production processes for arylsulfur pentafluorides and their higher homologs, bis- and tris-(sulfur pentafluorides): beginning of a new era of super-trifluoromethyl arene chemistry and its industry was written by Umemoto, Teruo;Garrick, Lloyd M.;Saito, Norimichi. And the article was included in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2012.Application of 29364-29-2 This article mentions the following:

Various arylsulfur pentafluorides, ArSF₅, have long been desired in both academic and industrial areas and ArSF₅ compounds have attracted considerable interest in many areas such as medicine, agrochems., and other new materials, since the highly stable SF₅ group is considered a super-trifluoromethyl group due to its significantly higher electronegativity and lipophilicity. This article describes the first practical method for the production of various arylsulfur pentafluorides and their higher homologs, bis- and tris-(sulfur pentafluorides), from the corresponding diaryl disulfides or aryl thiols. The method consists of two steps: (step 1) treatment of a diaryl disulfide or an aryl thiol with chlorine in the presence of an alkali metal fluoride and (step 2) treatment of the resulting arylsulfur chlorotetrafluoride with a fluoride source, such as zinc fluoride (ZnF₂), hydrofluoric acid (HF) and antimony fluorides, Sb(III/V) fluorides. The intermediate arylsulfur chlorotetrafluoride derivatives were isolated by distillation or recrystallization and characterized. The aspects of these new reactions are revealed and reaction mechanisms are discussed. As the method offers considerable improvement over previous methods in cost, yield, practicality, applicability and large-scale production, the new processes described here can be employed as the first practical method for the economical production of various arylsulfur pentafluorides and their higher homologs, which could then open up a new era of super-trifluoromethyl arene chem. and its applications in many areas. A reaction (chlorine/potassium fluoride) of bis(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)disulfide (I) gave trans-chlorotetrafluoro(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)sulfur (II) and cis-chlorotetrafluoro(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)sulfur (III). The synthesis of the target compound was achieve by the treatment of II, III with fluorination agents, to provide, e.g., pentafluoro(2,3,6-trifluorophenyl)sulfur (IV). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Application of 29364-29-2).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 29364-29-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Regioselective, Diastereoselective, and Enantioselective One-Pot Tandem Reaction Based on an in Situ Formed Reductant: Preparation of 2,3-Disubstituted 1,5-Benzodiazepine was written by Yang, Gao-feng;Li, Guang-xun;Huang, Jin;Fu, Ding-qiang;Nie, Xiao-kang;Cui, Xin;Zhao, Jin-zhong;Tang, Zhuo. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Computed Properties of C9H9F3O This article mentions the following:

The 1,5-benzodiazepines are important skeletons frequently contained in medicinal chem. Herein, we described an unexpected tandem cyclization/transfer hydrogenation reaction for obtaining chiral 2,3-disubstituted 1,5-benzodiazepines. The enolizable aryl aldehydes were chosen as substrates to react with sym. and unsym. o-phenylenediamines. The unforeseen tandem reaction occurred among many possible latent side reactions under chiral phosphoric acid catalysis and affords the corresponding products in moderate yields and regioselectivities, good diastereoselectivities, and enantiomeric ratio (up to 99:1). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Computed Properties of C9H9F3O).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C9H9F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heteroaryl-O-glucosides as novel sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Part 1 was written by Zhang, Xiaoyan;Urbanski, Maud;Patel, Mona;Zeck, Roxanne E.;Cox, Geoffrey G.;Bian, Haiyan;Conway, Bruce R.;Beavers, Mary Pat;Rybczynski, Philip J.;Demarest, Keith T.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2005.Application of 1634-34-0 This article mentions the following:

A series of benzo-fused heteroaryl-O-glucosides was synthesized and evaluated in SGLT1 and SGLT2 cell-based functional assays. Indole-O-glucoside and benzimidazole-O-glucoside exhibited potent in vitro SGLT2 inhibitory activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0Application of 1634-34-0).

2′,6′-Dihydroxy-4′-methylacetophenone (cas: 1634-34-0) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application of 1634-34-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Scope and limitations of montmorillonite K 10 catalyzed opening of epoxide rings by amines was written by Chakraborti, Asit K.;Kondaskar, Atul;Rudrawar, Santosh. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2004.HPLC of Formula: 40571-86-6 This article mentions the following:

Montmorillonite K 10 efficiently catalyzes the opening of epoxide rings by amines in high yields with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivities under solvent-free conditions at room temperature affording an improved process for synthesis of 2-amino alcs. Reaction of cyclohexene oxide with aryl/alkyl amines leads to the formation of trans-2-aryl/alkylaminocyclohexanols. For unsym. epoxides, the regioselectivity is controlled by the electronic and steric factors associated with the epoxide and the amine. Selective nucleophilic attack at the benzylic carbon of styrene oxide takes place with aromatic amines, whereas, aliphatic amines exhibit preferential nucleophilic attack at the terminal carbon. Aniline reacts selectively at the less hindered carbon of other unsym. epoxides. The difference in the internal strain energy of the epoxide ring in cycloalkene oxides and alkene oxides led to selective nucleophilic opening of cyclohexene oxide by aniline in the presence of styrene oxide. Due to the chelation effect, selective activation of the epoxide ring in 3-phenoxypropylene oxide takes place in the presence of styrene oxide leading to preferential cleavage of the epoxide ring in 3-phenoxypropylene oxide by aniline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6HPLC of Formula: 40571-86-6).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 40571-86-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Traditional Vegetables from Southern Chile as Potential Sources of Natural Ingredients was written by Opazo-Navarrete, Mauricio;Burgos-Diaz, Cesar;Soto-Cerda, Braulio;Barahona, Tamara;Anguita-Barrales, Fresia;Mosi-Roa, Yohanna. And the article was included in Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (New York, NY, United States) in 2021.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

There is an increasing interest in consuming healthy foods motivated by the need of boosting the immune system naturally. In this sense, vegetables rich in bioactive compounds are a clear example of “superfoods” that promotes overall health and strengthen the immune response. Therefore, in this study eight traditional vegetables usually produced in southern Chile (pea, corn, carrot, leek, spinach, chard, coriander and parsley) were characterized in terms of their nutritional composition to evaluate their potential as lyophilized natural ingredients. Thus, chem. composition, amino acid profile, minerals, vitamins, carotenoids, polyphenols and pesticide residues were evaluated. Green leafy vegetables resulted to be an excellent source of proteins and dietary fibers as well as vitamins (ascorbic acid, choline, alpha-tocopherol and niacin), minerals (calcium, phosphorus and iron), carotenoids and polyphenols. Among the eight vegetables assessed spinach exhibited the more balanced nutritional profile. Moreover, 332 pesticide residues were analyzed and only six were detected in a low concentration Due to their nutritional properties, the present results suggest that vegetables produced in southern Chile could be considered as promising alternatives to develop natural food ingredients. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts