Month: November 2022

Recommanded Product: 54-17-1On March 1, 2021, Bridi, Raquel; Lino von Poser, Gilsane; Gomez, Miguel; Andia, Marcelo E.; Oyarzun, Juan Esteban; Nunez, Paula; Vasquez Arias, Ariadsna Jael; Espinosa-Bustos, Christian published an article in Journal of Ethnopharmacology. The article was 《Hepatoprotective species from the Chilean medicinal flora: Junellia spathulata (Verbenaceae)》. The article mentions the following:

Chilean population relies on medicinal plants for treating a wide range of illnesses, especially those of the gastrointestinal system. Junellia spathulata (Gillies & Hook.) Moldenke var. spathulata (Verbenaceae), called as “”verbena-azul-de-cordilleira””, is a medicinal plant native to Argentina and Chile traditionally used for treating digestive disorders. Although the species of the genus are important as therapeutic resources for the Andean population, the plants are very scarcely studied. The purpose of the present study was to find out the main constituents and investigate the protective effect of J. spathulata against oxidative stress induced by the potent oxidant 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) in human hepatoblastoma cells.The crude methanol extract of J. spathulata and an iridoid obtained by chromatog. processes were tested to access the hepatoprotective effect and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell. In addition, the reducing power of the samples and their ability to scavenge free radicals were evaluated using FRAP and ORAC assay systems. The iridoid asperuloside, the main compound of the crude methanol extract of J. spathulata, was isolated and identified by means of NMR anal. The crude methanol extract of J. spathulata and asperuloside protected HepG2 cells against oxidative damage triggered by AAPH-derived free radicals. This effect can be credited to the ability of the extract and asperuloside to protect the liver cells from chem.-induced injury, which might be correlated to their free radical scavenging potential. This study exptl. evidenced the ethnopharmacol. usefulness of J. spathulata as a treatment of digestive disorders. Our result could stimulate further investigations of hepatoprotective agents in other Chilean Junellia species. After reading the article, we found that the author used rel-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol(cas: 54-17-1Recommanded Product: 54-17-1)

rel-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol(cas: 54-17-1) is oxidized in various tissues under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions through glycolysis; the oxidation reaction produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.Recommanded Product: 54-17-1

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Product Details of 54-17-1On November 30, 2020 ,《Thermal, Morphological, and Functional Characterization of Gros Michel Banana Starch Modified with Octenyl Succinic Anhydride》 appeared in Starch/Staerke. The author of the article were Quintero-Castano, Victor D.; Bello-Perez, Luis A.; Alvarez-Barreto, Cristina I.; Castellanos-Galeano, Francisco J.; Rodriguez-Garcia, Mario E.. The article conveys some information:

Banana is a food crop produced extensively in Colombia for fresh consumption. This fruit in the green state has a large amount of starch, which-unlike other Musaceae-has a small granule size that makes it attractive for use in the food industry. This work characterizes physicochem., morphol., structurally, and functionally isolated and modified starches from Gros Michel banana. This characterization uses techniques like SEM, XRD, FTIR, DSC, RVA, and HPLC. The results show a morphol. change, given that the granules display superficial adherence of small masses. The IR spectra shows mol. vibrations in the modified starch at 1578 and 1745 cm-1; the X-ray diffraction patterns show alteration of the 3D starch structure, given that it changes in large proportion from a hexagonal to a monoclinic conformation after the modification. The maximum viscosities obtained via RVA change from 1380 cP for the isolated starch to 1247 cP for the modified starch. The amylopectin/amylose ratio is altered after the modification, going from 75/25 to 87/13. Modified starches are a viable alternative for use in the food industry as additives to stabilize emulsions that do not need high processing temperatures In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as rel-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol(cas: 54-17-1Product Details of 54-17-1)

rel-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol(cas: 54-17-1) is oxidized in various tissues under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions through glycolysis; the oxidation reaction produces carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.Product Details of 54-17-1

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Quality Control of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amineOn May 5, 2021 ,《Phenothiazine-Tacrine Heterodimers: Pursuing Multitarget Directed Approach in Alzheimer’s Disease》 appeared in ACS Chemical Neuroscience. The author of the article were Gorecki, Lukas; Uliassi, Elisa; Bartolini, Manuela; Janockova, Jana; Hrabinova, Martina; Hepnarova, Vendula; Prchal, Lukas; Muckova, Lubica; Pejchal, Jaroslav; Karasova, Jana Z.; Mezeiova, Eva; Benkova, Marketa; Kobrlova, Tereza; Soukup, Ondrej; Petralla, Sabrina; Monti, Barbara; Korabecny, Jan; Bolognesi, Maria Laura. The article conveys some information:

Since 2002, no clin. candidate against Alzheimer’s disease has reached the market; hence, an effective therapy is urgently needed. We followed the so-called “”multitarget directed ligand”” approach and designed 36 novel tacrine-phenothiazine heterodimers which were in vitro evaluated for their anticholinesterase properties. The assessment of the structure-activity relationships of such derivatives highlighted compound 1dC as a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 8 nM and 1aA as a potent butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor with IC50 = 15 nM. Selected hybrids, namely, 1aC, 1bC, 1cC, 1dC, and 2dC, showed a significant inhibitory activity toward τ(306-336) peptide aggregation with percent inhibition ranging from 50.5 to 62.1%. Likewise, 1dC and 2dC exerted a remarkable ability to inhibit self-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation. Notwithstanding, in vitro studies displayed cytotoxicity toward HepG2 cells and cerebellar granule neurons; no pathophysiol. abnormality was observed when 1dC was administered to mice at 14 mg/kg (i.p.). 1dC was also able to permeate to the CNS as shown by in vitro and in vivo models. The maximum brain concentration was close to the IC50 value for acetylcholinesterase inhibition with a relatively slow elimination half-time. 1dC showed an acceptable safety and good pharmacokinetic properties and a multifunctional biol. profile. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine(cas: 6346-09-4Quality Control of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine)

4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine(cas: 6346-09-4) belongs to anime. In organic chemistry, amines are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (NH3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines).Quality Control of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine

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In 1966,Polimery (Warsaw, Poland) included an article by Mleziva, Josef. Formula: C10H14O2. The article was titled 《Inhibitors of the copolymerization of unsaturated polyester resins》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The effect of 32 inhibitors (p-quinones, hydroquinones, pyrocatechols, pyrogallols, and naphthols) was studied in 3 polymerization mixture (fumaric acid in %, maleic acid in %, modifying acid, glycol and telomerization agent given): (mixture A) 29.1, 1.7, phthalic acid (I), ethylene glycol (II), methylcyclohexanol (III); (mixture B) 21.1, 1.3, I, II, III; (mixture C) 24.3, 2.1, adipic acid, diethylene glycol, -. The polyesters had 51, 49.4, and 30.8 acid number, resp. The polymerization was performed at 20° in the dark, in sunlight, in regular lamp light, or at 110° and then the polyesters were cured at 20° in presence of 3% methylcyclohexanol peroxide and 1% Co naphthenate. Best results were obtained with 2,5-dichloro-p-benzoquinone.4-Butylbenzene-1,2-diol(cas: 2525-05-5Formula: C10H14O2) was used in this study.

4-Butylbenzene-1,2-diol(cas: 2525-05-5) belongs to organoboron compounds. Organoboron compounds are versatile intermediates and as such are some of the most important classes of reagents in modern organic chemistry.Formula: C10H14O2 Organoboron compounds are less toxic than organostannane reagents, and unlike alkynylzinc and magnesium, many organoboron compounds possess remarkable oxidative and thermal stabilities.

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In 2012,Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis included an article by Tian, Yu; Sui, Yi; Gu, Yonghong; Tian, Shi-Kai. Formula: C13H11ClO. The article was titled 《Expedient synthesis of functionalized triarylmethanols through tandem formation of geminal C-C and C-O bonds》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The rearrangement-oxidation of N,N-disubstituted anilines and the formal dehydrogenative cross-coupling of diarylmethanols with aniline derivatives were developed for the preparation of sym. and unsym. functionalized triarylmethanols. Both reactions proceed smoothly in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of an inexpensive oxidant (MnO2 or K2S2O8) and a catalytic amount of Pd(AcO)2 to give a range of functionalized triarylmethanols in moderate to good yields and with extremely high regioselectivity. The two unprecedented reactions involve tandem formation of geminal C-C and C-O bonds, and they are synthetically useful, atom-efficient, and operationally simple. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of (3-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanol(cas: 63012-03-3Formula: C13H11ClO)

(3-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanol(cas: 63012-03-3) belongs to hydroxy-containing compounds. Hydroxy groups participate in the dehydration reactions that link simple biological molecules into long chains. The joining of a fatty acid to glycerol to form a triacylglycerol removes the −OH from the carboxy end of the fatty acid.Formula: C13H11ClO

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In 2022,Synthetic Communications included an article by Subba, Srijana; Saha, Sumit. Related Products of 57044-25-4. The article was titled 《Diyne mediated formal synthesis of (-)-A26771B》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A formal asym. synthesis of (-)-A26771B was achieved where optically active glycidol and Noyori asym. hydrogenation were applied to introduce asym. centers. Com. available 1,7-octadiyne, (R)-glycidol and acetaldehyde were used as the starting materials. The outlined synthetic strategy involved fewer number of synthetic steps, applying simple chem. transformations. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found (R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol(cas: 57044-25-4Related Products of 57044-25-4)

(R)-Oxiran-2-ylmethanol(cas: 57044-25-4) is a chiral building block used to construct an epoxyvinyl iodide intermediate in a synthesis of a furanocembrane, a marine natural product.Related Products of 57044-25-4

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Myerson, Jacob W.; Patel, Priyal N.; Rubey, Kathryn M.; Zamora, Marco E.; Zaleski, Michael H.; Habibi, Nahal; Walsh, Landis R.; Lee, Yi-Wei; Luther, David C.; Ferguson, Laura T.; Marcos-Contreras, Oscar A.; Glassman, Patrick M.; Mazaleuskaya, Liudmila L.; Johnston, Ian; Hood, Elizabeth D.; Shuvaeva, Tea; Wu, Jichuan; Zhang, Hong-Ying; Gregory, Jason V.; Kiseleva, Raisa Y.; Nong, Jia; Grosser, Tilo; Greineder, Colin F.; Mitragotri, Samir; Worthen, George S.; Rotello, Vincent M.; Lahann, Joerg; Muzykantov, Vladimir R.; Brenner, Jacob S. published an article on January 31 ,2022. The article was titled 《Supramolecular arrangement of protein in nanoparticle structures predicts nanoparticle tropism for neutrophils in acute lung inflammation》, and you may find the article in Nature Nanotechnology.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate The information in the text is summarized as follows:

This study shows that the supramol. arrangement of proteins in nanoparticle structures predicts nanoparticle accumulation in neutrophils in acute lung inflammation (ALI). We observed homing to inflamed lungs for a variety of nanoparticles with agglutinated protein (NAPs), defined by arrangement of protein in or on the nanoparticles via hydrophobic interactions, crosslinking and electrostatic interactions. Nanoparticles with sym. protein arrangement (for example, viral capsids) had no selectivity for inflamed lungs. Flow cytometry and immunohistochem. showed NAPs have tropism for pulmonary neutrophils. Protein-conjugated liposomes were engineered to recapitulate NAP tropism for pulmonary neutrophils. NAP uptake in neutrophils was shown to depend on complement opsonization. We demonstrate diagnostic imaging of ALI with NAPs; show NAP tropism for inflamed human donor lungs; and show that NAPs can remediate pulmonary edema in ALI. This work demonstrates that structure-dependent tropism for neutrophils drives NAPs to inflamed lungs and shows NAPs can detect and treat ALI. In the experiment, the researchers used 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate)

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine being a good nucleophile easily undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with different electrophiles such alkyl halides and acyl halides, and forms N-substituted pyrrolidines. N-Alkylpyrrolidine on further reaction with alkyl halide provided quaternary salts.Application In Synthesis of 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate

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The author of 《Direct Electrosynthesis of Ketones from Benzylic Methylenes by Electrooxidative C-H Activation》 were Meng, Li; Su, Jihu; Zha, Zhenggen; Zhang, Li; Zhang, Zhenlei; Wang, Zhiyong. And the article was published in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2013. Electric Literature of C13H11ClO The author mentioned the following in the article:

Direct electrosynthesis of ketones R1C6H4C(O)R2 (R1 = H, 4-F, 4-AcO, 4-O2N, 3-Me, 2-Cl, etc.; R2 = Me, n-Pr, Ph, 4-MeC6H4) or α-tetralone in moderate to good yields from the corresponding benzylic methylenes R1C6H4CH2R2 or tetralin, resp., in an undivided cell is described. The method features a green oxidant of mass-free electrons, wide substrate scope and mild conditions. The reaction intermediate radical was detected by ESR spectroscopy, and the reaction mechanism was proposed.(3-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanol(cas: 63012-03-3Electric Literature of C13H11ClO) was used in this study.

(3-Chlorophenyl)(phenyl)methanol(cas: 63012-03-3) belongs to hydroxy-containing compounds. Hydroxy-containing compounds engage in intermolecular hydrogen bonding increasing the electrostatic attraction between molecules and thus to higher boiling and melting points than found for compounds that lack this functional group.Electric Literature of C13H11ClO Organic compounds, which are often poorly soluble in water, become water-soluble when they contain two or more hydroxy groups, as illustrated by sugars and amino acid.

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The author of 《Iridium-bipyridine periodic mesoporous organosilica catalyzed direct C-H borylation using a pinacolborane》 were Maegawa, Yoshifumi; Inagaki, Shinji. And the article was published in Dalton Transactions in 2015. Electric Literature of C14H21BO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Heterogeneous catalysis for direct C-H borylation of arenes and heteroarenes in the combination of iridium (Ir) complex fixed on periodic mesoporous organosilica containing bipyridine ligands within the framework (Ir-BPy-PMO) and pinacolborane (HBpin) is reported. Ir-BPy-PMO showed higher catalytic activity toward the borylation of benzene with inexpensive HBpin compared to expensive bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2). The precatalyst could be handled without the use of a glove box. The catalyst was easily recovered from reaction mixtures by simple filtration under air. The recovered catalyst still showed good catalytic activity for at least three more times for the borylation of benzene. A variety of arenes and heteroarenes were successfully borylated with high boron efficiency by Ir-BPy-PMO using HBpin, whereas almost no activity was observed for borylation of some heteroarenes with B2pin2. The system using Ir-BPy-PMO and HBpin was also utilized in syntheses of multi-boronated thiophene-based building blocks containing ladder-, acenefused-, and fused-thiophene skeletons. The combination of a stable and reusable solid catalyst and inexpensive HBpin is expected to be superior to conventional approaches for the development of industrial applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(cas: 401797-00-0Electric Literature of C14H21BO2)

2-(3,4-Dimethylphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(cas: 401797-00-0) belongs to hydroxy-containing compounds. Hydroxy-containing compounds engage in intermolecular hydrogen bonding increasing the electrostatic attraction between molecules and thus to higher boiling and melting points than found for compounds that lack this functional group.Electric Literature of C14H21BO2 Organic compounds, which are often poorly soluble in water, become water-soluble when they contain two or more hydroxy groups, as illustrated by sugars and amino acid.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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In 2013,Gregory, Karen J.; Nguyen, Elizabeth D.; Reiff, Sean D.; Squire, Emma F.; Stauffer, Shaun R.; Lindsley, Craig W.; Meiler, Jens; Conn, P. Jeffrey published 《Probing the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulator (PAM) binding pocket: discovery of point mutations that engender a “”molecular switch”” in PAM pharmacology》.Molecular Pharmacology published the findings.Name: Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Pos. allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) is a promising novel approach for the treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive disorders. Allosteric binding sites are topog. distinct from the endogenous ligand (orthosteric) binding site, allowing for co-occupation of a single receptor with the endogenous ligand and an allosteric modulator. Neg. allosteric modulators (NAMs) inhibit and pos. allosteric modulators (PAMs) enhance the affinity and/or efficacy of the orthosteric agonist. The mol. determinants that govern mGlu5 modulator affinity vs. cooperativity are not well understood. Focusing on the modulators based on the acetylene scaffold, the authors sought to determine the mol. interactions that contribute to PAM vs. NAM pharmacol. Generation of a comparative model of the transmembrane-spanning region of mGlu5 served as a tool to predict and interpret the impact of mutations in this region. Application of an operational model of allosterism allowed for determination of PAM and NAM affinity estimates at receptor constructs that possessed no detectable radioligand binding as well as delineation of effects on affinity vs. cooperativity. Novel mutations within the transmembrane domain (TM) regions were identified that had differential effects on acetylene PAMs vs. 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine, a prototypical NAM. Three conserved amino acids (Y658, T780, and S808) and two non-conserved residues (P654 and A809) were identified as key determinants of PAM activity. Interestingly, the authors identified two point mutations in TMs 6 and 7 that, when mutated, engender a mode switch in the pharmacol. of certain PAMs. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas: 18621-18-6Name: Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride)

Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride(cas:18621-18-6) is one of azetidine.Azetidines (azacyclobutanes) constitute a well-known class of heterocyclic compounds. Azetidine scaffold has been discovered in several natural products.Name: Azetidin-3-ol hydrochloride Several pharmacologically important synthetic compounds also contain azetidine ring. Because of inherent ring strain, the synthesis of azetidines is a challenging endeavor.

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