Tag: M.W=100-200

One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 2807-30-9, Name is 2-Propoxyethanol, formurla is C5H12O2. In a document, author is Banu, Sofia, introducing its new discovery. Safety of 2-Propoxyethanol.

Tissue-specific transcriptome recovery on withdrawal from chronic alcohol exposure in zebrafish

Alcohol consumption can lead to a wide range of systemic disorders brought about by transcriptional changes. Recent studies have documented altered behavior and physiology in zebrafish exposed to alcohol. In this work, we have identified the changes in the zebrafish transcriptome in response to chronic alcohol exposure. We have further followed the extent of transcriptional recovery upon withdrawal from alcohol and found evidence of tissue-specific responses. Our results indicate a greater extent of recovery of the brain transcriptome compared to the liver. We identify two distinct classes of genes in response to withdrawal from alcohol exposure – those that recover their pre-alcohol expression profile versus those that retain altered expression even after the fish are removed from the alcohol environment. Finally, we have examined gender-specific responses to alcohol exposure in zebrafish and find evidence for distinct alcohol tolerance levels. Upon chronic alcohol exposure, a higher percentage of genes show perturbation in expression profile in males compared to females. Female fish also recover better with more genes regaining the control expression level upon withdrawal from alcohol. Overall, our work identifies genes and pathways perturbed by exposure to alcohol, and demonstrates the extent of gender- and tissue-specific transcriptional changes associated with chronic alcoholism and withdrawal. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 821-41-0, Name is 5-Hexen-1-ol, molecular formula is C6H12O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Li, Qiang, once mentioned the new application about 821-41-0, Application In Synthesis of 5-Hexen-1-ol.

Polyoxometalate-Ionic Liquids (ILs) and Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan/ILs Hydrogels for Inhibiting Bacteria Colonising Wall Paintings

Historical monuments are increasingly being threatened by unexpected microbial colonizers, leading to their subsequent deterioration. Here, two tetraalkylphosphonium polyoxometalate ionic liquids (Q14-IL and Q16-IL) were successfully synthesized, which showed excellent antibacterial activity against four bacteria colonising wall paintings. Notably, Q14-IL exhibited superior antibacterial efficacy compared to longer alkyl Q16-IL. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA-CS) hydrogels containing two ILs were prepared, and the morphology, thermal stability, swelling ratio and antibacterial activity were systematically evaluated. The results suggest that higher CS content resulted in more uniform micropores and increased the swelling ratio. However, fewer antibacterial ILs were released and diffused over time from the matrix. Hydrogels with 5% CS content exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, which was mainly attributed to the synergetic antibacterial activity of positively charged ammonium (-NH3+) groups of CS and quaternary phosphonium cation of ILs. This study may provide an alternative strategy for fighting against bacterial communities colonising ancient artworks.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 115-70-8, Name is 2-Amino-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol, SMILES is OCC(CC)(N)CO, in an article , author is Jayasekara, Harindra, once mentioned of 115-70-8, HPLC of Formula: C5H13NO2.

Lifetime alcohol intake, drinking patterns over time and risk of stomach cancer: A pooled analysis of data from two prospective cohort studies

Alcohol consumption is causally linked to several cancers but the evidence for stomach cancer is inconclusive. In our study, the association between long-term alcohol intake and risk of stomach cancer and its subtypes was evaluated. We performed a pooled analysis of data collected at baseline from 491 714 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition and the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for incident stomach cancer in relation to lifetime alcohol intake and group-based life course intake trajectories, adjusted for potential confounders including Helicobacter pylori infection. In all, 1225 incident stomach cancers (78% noncardia) were diagnosed over 7 094 637 person-years; 984 in 382 957 study participants with lifetime alcohol intake data (5 455 507 person-years). Although lifetime alcohol intake was not associated with overall stomach cancer risk, we observed a weak positive association with noncardia cancer (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.06 per 10 g/d increment), with a HR of 1.50 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09) for >= 60 g/d compared to 0.1 to 4.9 g/d. A weak inverse association with cardia cancer (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) was also observed. HRs of 1.48 (95% CI: 1.10-1.99) for noncardia and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.26-1.03) for cardia cancer were observed for a life course trajectory characterized by heavy decreasing intake compared to light stable intake (P-homogeneity = .02). These associations did not differ appreciably by smoking or H pylori infection status. Limiting alcohol use during lifetime, particularly avoiding heavy use during early adulthood, might help prevent noncardia stomach cancer. Heterogeneous associations observed for cardia and noncardia cancers may indicate etiologic differences.

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Hydrogen-Bonding Assisted Catalytic Kinetic Resolution of Acyclic beta-Hydroxy Amides

Enantioenriched acyclic alpha-substituted beta-hydroxy amides are valuable compounds in chemical, material and medicinal sciences, but their enantioselective synthesis remains challenging. A catalytic kinetic resolution (KR) of such amides with selectivity factor(s) up to >200 is developed via enantioselective acylation of primary alcohol with N-heterocyclic carbene. An enhanced selectivity for the catalytic KR process is realized using cyclic tertiary amine as base additive. Diastereomeric transition state models for the process are proposed to rationalize the origin of enantioselectivity.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 100-86-7, Name is 2-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-propanol, molecular formula is C10H14O. In an article, author is Liu, Jie,once mentioned of 100-86-7, Product Details of 100-86-7.

Key aroma-active compounds in brown sugar and their influence on sweetness

Brown sugar (non-centrifugal cane sugar) is popular for its pleasant caramel-like aroma and sweetness. Vacuum simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (V-SDE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to study the volatile fraction of brown sugar. To further determine the aroma-active compounds in brown sugar, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) were used in conjunction with aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA), odor activity values (OAVs), and sensory evaluation to analyze the effects of the key aroma-active compounds on sweetness. A total of 37 aroma-active compounds were obtained, mainly including ketones, pyrazines, alkanes, phenols and alcohols, which contributed caramel, sweet and fruity notes to brown sugar. Among them, furfural, benzeneacetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, beta-damascenone, 2-methoxyphenol, dihydro-2-methyl-3(2H)-furanone, 2-furanmethanol and butyrolactone could significantly enhance the sweetness of sugar solution because of the congruency of the aroma attributes and sweetness.

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Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 928-51-8, Name is 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCCCl, in an article , author is Ferrisse, Tulio Morandin, once mentioned of 928-51-8, Quality Control of 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol.

Disseminated Histoplasmosis Infection in HIV-Negative Patients: Series Case and Literature Review

Histoplasmosis is a deep mycosis distributed worldwide and caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Development countries and underdeveloped countries already considered an endemic disease, and its etiology comes from fungi located in soil contaminated with bird and bat droppings. Habits such as tobacco and alcohol consumption can be factors that can help to the development of disseminated histoplasmosis mainly in immunocompetent patients. Clinical manifestations can include fever, weakness, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, mucocutaneous lesions, and ulcer oral lesions. Oral lesions represents a commonly manifestation in the disseminated form of the disease, and it is more frequently observed in immunocompromised patients, mainly on HIV-positive patients. In this study, we presented five cases of disseminated histoplasmosis on HIVnegative patients diagnosed with lesions located in oral cavity and we performed a literature review about cases of disseminated histoplasmosis lesions in head and neck region on HIV-negative patients associating possible factors that may contribute to lesions formatting.

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Application of 104-38-1, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 104-38-1, Name is 1,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene, SMILES is OCCOC1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Chen, Hongyu, introduce new discover of the category.

Promotion of electrochemical CO2 reduction to ethylene on phosphorus-doped copper nanocrystals with stable Cu delta+ sites

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 to C2+ products is a sustainable energy-driven pursuit for high added-value hydrocarbons. Tremendous efforts have been made to copper based electrocatalysts, which are well-known for producing C2+ products. However, being short of well-defined catalysts with stable Cu delta+ electronic structure hinders its practical application and in-depth understanding. Herein, we developed a facile one-pot approach to prepare Cu delta+ -rich catalyst by doping phosphorus. Enhanced performance and tunable product selectivities are achieved due to the electron donor-acceptor interaction based on phosphorus content in series. C-2 hydrocarbons and alcohols are produced with high (similar to 44.9%) selectivity, in which C2H4 (30.7 +/- 0.9%) is dominant at -1.6 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). This P-Cu catalyst shows a significantly higher current density (57.2 mA cm(-2) ) compared to pristine Cu. In addition, the favorable Cu delta+ is reserved during CO2RR contributing to a longterm stability. Experimental results and DFT calculations demonstrate that the Cu delta+ moiety facilitates the adsorption of carbon intermediates, C-C coupling and hence promotes the generation of C2H4 energetically. The well-designed catalyst indicates the profit of electronic structure engineering in designing catalysts for multiplestep chemical conversions.

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Related Products of 768-95-6, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 768-95-6, Name is Adamantan-1-ol, SMILES is OC12CC3CC(C2)CC(C3)C1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Tian, Peng, introduce new discover of the category.

Analysis of volatile compound changes in fried shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) oil at different frying temperatures by GC-MS, OAV, and multivariate analysis

Flavor is a key attribute of fried oil that shows a critical correlation with temperature. Therefore, selecting the appropriate temperature is important in preparing fried shallot oil (FSO). Volatile compounds from five different FSOs were identified and comparatively studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate data analysis, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). GC-MS results identified a total of 93 volatiles, among which aldehydes, alcohols, pyrazines, and sulfur-containing compounds were the major compounds. Eighteen compounds had odor active values (OAV) >1. Among the compounds, hexanal, (E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-octenal, dipropyl disulfide, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 1-octen-3-ol were important to the overall aroma profile of FSOs. In the PCA model, all the detected FSOs were divided into three clusters, which were assigned as cluster A (FSO5), B (FSO4), and C (the rest FSOs). Multivariate data analyses revealed that nonanal, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-2-heptenal, and hexanal contributed positively to the classification of different FSOs. GC-MS coupled with multivariate data analysis could be used as a convenient and efficient analytical method to classify raw materials.

Related Products of 768-95-6, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 768-95-6.

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In an article, author is Sivec, Rok, once mentioned the application of 873-76-7, HPLC of Formula: C7H7ClO, Name is (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol, molecular formula is C7H7ClO, molecular weight is 142.58, MDL number is MFCD00004652, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Surface kinetics and transport phenomena modelling for furfural hydrotreatment over Pd/C in isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran

Extensive experimental and computational study of hemicellulose-derived furfural hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, oligomerisation and etherification has been conducted over Pd/C catalyst. In-situ reduction of PdO surfaces was observed, forming predominately Pd(111). Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol was observed as the main product. Selected solvent (solventless conditions, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol), atmosphere (nitrogen, hydrogen), temperature (100-200 degrees C), pressure (25-75 bar) and stirring speed were varied. A micro-kinetic model was developed incorporating thermodynamics (hydrogen solubility), mass transfer, adsorption, desorption and surface reactions. The above-listed phenomena and their contribution to the surface coverages, TOF’s and global reaction rates were studied. Approximately 66% of active sites were estimated to be covered by the solvent, 5% by furanic species, while hydrogen coverage was low and limiting. Both furfural ring and aldehyde group hydrogenation have low activation energies (19.1 kJ mol(-1) and 23.5 kJ mol(-1)), although subsequent hydrogenation of tetrahydrofurfural (E-a = 42.5 kJ mol(-1)) is preferred at higher temperatures compared to furfuryl alcohol (E-a = 24.0 kJ mol(-1)) hydrogenation. Complete hydrogenation can be achieved at room temperature, while deoxygenation becomes considerable above 150 degrees C (E-a = 59.6 kJ mol(-1)), leading to complete conversion in most tests, yielding up to 77% tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol at 75 bar in isopropanol.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 623-50-7, Name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, SMILES is O=C(OCC)CO, in an article , author is Ciesla, Krystyna, once mentioned of 623-50-7, Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate.

Effect of absorbed dose on starch:PVA films irradiated with gamma rays

The films characterized by starch:PVA weight ratio equal to 45:55 were obtained by solution casting and irradiated with Co-60 gamma rays in vacuum applying doses of 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 75 kGy. The results have shown that irradiation with a dose of 5 kGy induces decrease in surface hydrophilicity shown by increase in contact angle to water with no special impact of using the higher doses. Tensile strength was not affected by irradiation performed with doses in all the range of 5-75 kGy, however using doses of 20 kGy or higher might result in decrease in the films’ flexibility. Decrease in capacity to swell in water accompanied by increase in solubility of the material was also observed after irradiation. A reduced gel content together with an increased solubility of the irradiated material have shown that degradation prevails over crosslinking under gamma irradiation. It can be concluded that radiation modification carried out with gamma rays using doses up to 10 kGy may find application in manufacturing better films in the starch:PVA system, and that using doses of 5 kGy is sufficiently effective for this purpose. Simultaneously, the starch:PVA (45:55) films turn out to be suitable for packing of food intended for radiation decontamination using doses up to 10 kGy.

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