Tag: M.W=0-100

Synthetic Route of 16545-68-9, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 16545-68-9, Name is Cyclopropanol, SMILES is OC1CC1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Razmimanesh, Fariba, introduce new discover of the category.

An investigation into Sunitinib malate nanoparticle production by US- RESOLV method: Effect of type of polymer on dissolution rate and particle size distribution

The present study practiced ultrasonic-assisted rapid expansion of a supercritical CO2 solution into a liquid solvent (US-RESOLV) process for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) of Sunitinib malate for the first time. Hydrophilic polymers including hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan (CHI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were utilized for modifying the size distribution and increasing the dissolution rate of the Sunitinib malate NPs. Also, we determined the impact of pressure, nozzle diameter as well as temperature on morphology, size distribution and dissolution rate of produced particles. In order to accomplish the objectives of the present study, PEG was the best polymer for controlling the particle size distribution and HPMC served as the best polymeric stabilizer for increasing the dissolution rate of the drug particles. The synthesized particles were much smaller (< 600 nm) in comparison to the unprocessed particles of Sunitinib malate. The combined effects of the smaller sizes of the particles, ultrasonication and the presence of polymers could enhance dissolution rate of the Sunitinib malate in the aqueous media. Synthetic Route of 16545-68-9, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 16545-68-9 is helpful to your research.

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In an article, author is Shekarsaraee, S., once mentioned the application of 13325-10-5, Recommanded Product: 4-Aminobutan-1-ol, Name is 4-Aminobutan-1-ol, molecular formula is C4H11NO, molecular weight is 89.14, MDL number is MFCD00008230, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Measurement, Correlation and Prediction of LLE Data for the Ternary System Water

In this study, tie-line points and solubility data were experimentally measured for the ternary mixture (water + lactic acid + diethyl ether) at T = 293.2 K and atmospheric pressure. UNIFAC calculations predicted that lactic acid and diethyl ether do not form an azeotrope. The mass fractions of organic and aqueous layers were determined by acid-base and the Karl Fisher titrations. Cloud point method verified that the LLE behavior of the studied system is Type-1. The reliability of the tie-line points was demonstrated by the Othmer-Tobias and Hand plots. Thermodynamic correlation of tie-line data was done by NRTL model and the obtained binary interaction parameters were tested after validation. The experimental and correlated data had very good accordance (rmsd = 0.88%). Extraction quality of diethyl ether was investigated using the calculation of distribution coefficients and separation factors over the immiscibility area. Separation factors decreased from 1.93 to 1.13 when aqueous mass fraction of lactic acid increased from 0.070 to 0.305. However, distribution coefficient increased from 0.07 to 0.12 in the same region. The study shows that the extraction of lactic acid is possible in all investigated feeds at 293.2 K.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 2516-33-8, Name is Cyclopropylmethanol, molecular formula is C4H8O. In an article, author is Stein, Elena R.,once mentioned of 2516-33-8, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Validity and measurement invariance of the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment incentive salience domain among treatment-seekers with alcohol use disorder

Incentive salience, or the attribution of motivational value to stimuli, is a biopsychological process that is disrupted in alcohol use disorder (AUD). The Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) is a framework to characterize heterogeneity in addiction and establish a common assessment battery for research and clinical use. The ANA framework hypothesizes three constructs that correspond to processes in the etiology, course, and treatment of addiction: incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function. The current study extends prior findings on the ANA by validating the incentive salience construct among participants (n = 563) in a multisite prospective study of individuals entering treatment for AUD. We used confirmatory factor analysis to test a one-factor model of incentive salience. Indicators included items assessing perception of urges to drink from the Alcohol Dependence Scale, Impaired Control Scale, and Marlatt Relapse Interview. Results indicated the one-factor model fit the data well (chi(2) (12) = 19.42, p = .08; RMSEA = 0.034 [90% CI: 0.000, 0.060], CFI = 0.992) and was measurement invariant across sex. Incentive salience was associated with drinking patterns (e.g., drinks per day, r = 0.447 [95% CI: 0.379, 0.514]); reasons for drinking (urges/temptation r = 0.529 [95% CI: 0.460, 0.599]); testing personal control, r = 0.384 (95% CI: 0.308, 0.461); social pressure, r = 0.549 (95% CI: 0.481, 0.617); and family history of AUD, r = 0.134. The incentive salience factor demonstrated greater predictive validity for drinking outcomes compared to alternative preexisting scales. Overall, this study provides support for the construct validity and measurement invariance of the ANA incentive salience construct in a sample of individuals seeking AUD treatment.

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927-74-2, Name is 3-Butyn-1-ol, molecular formula is C4H6O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Xue, Yudong, once mentioned the new application about 927-74-2, Product Details of 927-74-2.

Persulfate activation by ZIF-67-derived cobalt/nitrogen-doped carbon composites: Kinetics and mechanisms dependent on persulfate precursor

Whereas previous studies that explored the application of metal-carbon composites as persulfate activators have focused on synergistic performance improvements, the potential advantages or features that can be acquired by integrating metal and carbon constituents that differ in terms of reactivity toward persulfate precursors and their preferred activation routes have been overlooked. With ZIF-67-derived cobalt/N-doped carbon composites (Co@N-C) as the model metal-carbon composite, this study takes a look into a switch in the primary degradative pathway depending on the persulfate precursor used and investigates this kind of composite fabrication as a strategy to overcome the drawbacks of single-component activators. In Co@N-C, Co embedded in the carbon matrix caused radical-induced oxidation in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) whereas peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation using a carbon framework involved mediated electron transfer. The different nature of the dominant oxidant was confirmed by investigating the quenching effects of alcohols, bromate formation yield, substrate-specificity, electron paramagnetic resonance spectral features, current generation upon sequential organic and persulfate injection, and product distribution. The Co and N-doped carbon serving as separate reactive sites allowed Co@N-C to exploit both PMS and PDS so it could outperform benchmark metaland carbon-derived materials. Electrochemical measurements linked with X-ray spectroscopic analysis implied that a moderate pyrolysis temperature optimized the Co@N-C activity due to high fractions of graphitic N and Co-N species. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the peroxide bond of PMS is more susceptible to elongation over Co@N-C, thus it is preferentially dissociated to yield sulfate radicals.

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Related Products of 13325-10-5, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C–H bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 13325-10-5, Name is 4-Aminobutan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCCN, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Feola, Alessandro, introduce new discover of the category.

Alprazolam-associated death: suicide or unintentional overdose?

Alprazolam is a psychoactive triazolo-benzodiazepine, commonly prescribed for the treatment of anxiety disorders and considered safe due to its high therapeutic index. It is frequently detected in polydrug-related deaths but there are very few cases of fatal intoxication by alprazolam not in combination with alcohol or other drugs. A fatal poisoning by alprazolam in a 60-years old male physician has been reported. At autopsy, no evidence of traumatic injuries or diseases was observed except for signs of bronchopneumonia and slight hypertrophy of the left ventricle. Alprazolam and its major metabolite (alpha-hydroxyalprazolam) were detected in biological samples through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). High concentrations of alprazolam and alpha-hydroxyalprazolam were found, respectively, in femoral blood 0.45 and 0.03 mg/L, urine 2.12 and 0.42 mg/L, bile 1.33 and 0.56 mg/L, liver 3.81 and 0.28 mg/L. Alprazolam alone was also detected in vitreous humour (0.19 mg/L) and in stomach content (0.34 mg/L). No conclusive information confirmed the hypothesis of a suicidal ingestion of alprazolam. However, an alprazolam drug-related death was assessed based on the pre-existing cardiovascular and respiratory defects. The high levels of alprazolam several times greater than the therapeutic range contributed to death due to its respiratory and central nervous system-depressant effects.

Related Products of 13325-10-5, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 13325-10-5.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 2854-16-2, Name is 1-Amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol, molecular formula is C4H11NO. In an article, author is Wang, Zhenkai,once mentioned of 2854-16-2, HPLC of Formula: C4H11NO.

Oxone activation by UVA-irradiated Fe-III-NTA complex: Efficacy, radicals formation and mechanism on crotamiton degradation

This study demonstrated an efficient activation of Oxone by ultraviolet light A-irradiated Fe-III-nitrilotriacetate complex to induce the generation of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals (i.e., SO4 center dot- and HO center dot) under initial neutral pH. The important parameters such as the solution pH, the molar ratio of nitrilotriacetate:Fe-III, the dosages of Oxone and Fe-III-nitrilotriacetate complex were evaluated in terms of the degradation kinetics of an emerging contaminant Crotamiton. The results indicated that fast degradation rates of crotamiton were achieved under initial circumneutral conditions (e.g., pH 5.0-7.0), with apparent rate constants at 0.0936-0.1287 min(-1) (the ultraviolet light fluence-based rate constants at 0.48-0.66 J(-1) cm(2)). In addition, the optimal molar ratio of nitrilotriacetate:Fe-III was determined as 1:1, larger ratios decreased the degradation rate of crotamiton due to the competition effect of nitrilotriacetate on SO4 center dot-. The suitable dosages of Oxone and Fe-III-nitrilotriacetate complex were determined as 0.5 mM and 0.1 mM, respectively. Under the given optimal conditions, more than 99% degradation efficiency of crotamiton was achieved at an ultraviolet light fluence of 3.90 J cm(-2), better than those results obtained by the activation of S2O82- and H2O2. The results of quenching tests (tert-butyl alcohol and 2-propanol as scavengers) suggested that SO4 center dot- and HO center dot contributed similar to 65% and 35% to the degradation of crotamiton, respectively. Furthermore, the identified intermediates includes hydroxy-crotamiton, dihydroxy-crotamiton, aldehyde-crotamiton, aldehyde-dihydroxy-crotamiton, N-ethyl-2,3-dihydroxy-N-(o-tolyl)butanamide, (E)-N-ethyl-N-phenylbut-2-enamide, 2-(ethylamino)benzaldehyde and/or 2-(o-tolylamino)acetaldehyde, and (E)-N-ethylbut-2-enamide. The results indicated that the SO4 center dot- preferentially attacked on the amide and methyl groups of crotamiton. This work provided insight into the efficacy, radicals formation and mechanism on the activation of Oxone by ultraviolet light A-irradiated FeIII-nitrilotriacetate complex, offering an alternative approach for advanced water treatment.

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Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, Formula: C3H9NO, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.156-87-6, Name is 3-Aminopropan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCN, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Sun, Jingjing, introduce the new discover.

Hydrated vanadium pentoxide/reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol (V2O5 center dot nH(2)O/rGO-PVA) film as a binder-free electrode for solid-state Zn-ion batteries

Recently, solid-state aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have become the most promising wearable storage systems to replace Li-ion batteries owing to their advantages such as high safety and environmental friendliness. However, the critical challenge is to develop stable and robust cathode materials for excellent Zn2+ storage. In this study, a hydrated vanadium pentoxide/reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol (V2O5 center dot nH(2)O/rGO-PVA, abbreviated as VOH/rGO-P) film was synthesized as a binder-free cathode for solid-state aqueous ZIBs. The addition of PVA not only increases the layer spacing of VOH and forms a strong hydrogen bond network with GO and water molecules, but also enhances the mechanical properties of the film. As a binder-free cathode for solid-state aqueous ZIBs, the VOH/rGO-P film attains excellent electrochemical capacity as high as 481 mAh.g(-1) at 0.1 A.g(-1). Such a high specific capacity indicates that the VOH/rGO-P film shows great potential for the next generation solid-state aqueous ZIBs. (c) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 156-87-6. Formula: C3H9NO.

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In an article, author is Verma, Rupesh, once mentioned the application of 156-87-6, Computed Properties of C3H9NO, Name is 3-Aminopropan-1-ol, molecular formula is C3H9NO, molecular weight is 75.11, MDL number is MFCD00008223, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category.

Separation of low molecular weight alcohols from water with deep eutectic solvents: Liquid-liquid equilibria and process simulations

Low molecular weight alcohols such as ethanol, propanol and butanol are currently gaining attention owing to their complete combustion and higher calorific value. These low molecular weight alcohols are obtained by ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation, where they are produced within an aqueous phase. Extraction is contemplated as one of the effective methods for the separation of these lower alcohols from aqueous phase through a solvent. The solvent explored here relates to the formulation of Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) comprising of DL-menthol (Hydrogen Bond Donor) + decanoic acid (Hydrogen Bond Acceptor). The current work adopts a multiscale approach leading with DES preparation and subsequent batch scale Liquid-Liquid Equilibria (LLE) measurement and finally concludes through process simulation studies. The experimental LLE data of DES (1)-Alcohol (2)-Water (3) gave a higher affinity towards alcohol and lower solubility with water. The experimental results were thereafter regressed with the NRTL model using the additional constraint where a positive tangent plane distance is imposed for all the tie lines within the Gibbs energy of mixing (G(m)) surface. The average absolute RMSD values correlated via NRTL and COSMO-SAC model were found to be 0.003 and 0.008 respectively. A flow sheet with a hybrid extraction-distillation system is then proposed and simulated for the solvent recovery, scale-up and cost analysis. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Related Products of 2516-33-8, Catalysts allow a reaction to proceed via a pathway that has a lower activation energy than the uncatalyzed reaction. 2516-33-8, Name is Cyclopropylmethanol, SMILES is OCC1CC1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Banu, Sofia, introduce new discover of the category.

Tissue-specific transcriptome recovery on withdrawal from chronic alcohol exposure in zebrafish

Alcohol consumption can lead to a wide range of systemic disorders brought about by transcriptional changes. Recent studies have documented altered behavior and physiology in zebrafish exposed to alcohol. In this work, we have identified the changes in the zebrafish transcriptome in response to chronic alcohol exposure. We have further followed the extent of transcriptional recovery upon withdrawal from alcohol and found evidence of tissue-specific responses. Our results indicate a greater extent of recovery of the brain transcriptome compared to the liver. We identify two distinct classes of genes in response to withdrawal from alcohol exposure – those that recover their pre-alcohol expression profile versus those that retain altered expression even after the fish are removed from the alcohol environment. Finally, we have examined gender-specific responses to alcohol exposure in zebrafish and find evidence for distinct alcohol tolerance levels. Upon chronic alcohol exposure, a higher percentage of genes show perturbation in expression profile in males compared to females. Female fish also recover better with more genes regaining the control expression level upon withdrawal from alcohol. Overall, our work identifies genes and pathways perturbed by exposure to alcohol, and demonstrates the extent of gender- and tissue-specific transcriptional changes associated with chronic alcoholism and withdrawal. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Related Products of 2516-33-8, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 2516-33-8 is helpful to your research.

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Electric Literature of 16545-68-9, Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. 16545-68-9, Name is Cyclopropanol, SMILES is OC1CC1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Zhang, Likui, introduce new discover of the category.

Characterization of a novel type III alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermococcus barophilus Ch5

The genome of the hyperthermophilic and piezophilic euryarchaeaon Thermococcus barophilus Ch5 encodes three putative alcohol dehydrogenases (Tba ADHs). Herein, we characterized Tba ADH(547) biochemically and probed its catalytic mechanism by mutational studies. Our data demonstrate that Tba ADH547 can oxidize ethanol and reduce acetaldehyde at high temperature with the same optimal temperature (75 degrees C) and exhibit similar thermostability for oxidization and reduction reactions. However, Tba ADH(547) has different optimal pH for oxidation and reduction: 8.5 for oxidation and 7.0 for reduction. Tba ADH(547) is dependent on a divalent ion for its oxidation activity, among which Mn2+ is optimal. However, Tba ADH(547) displays about 20% reduction activity without a divalent ion, and the maximal activity with Fe2+. Furthermore, Tba ADH(547) showcases a strong substrate preference for 1-butanol and 1-hexanol over ethanol and other alcohols. Similarly, Tba ADH(547) prefers butylaldehyde to acetaldehyde as its reduction substrate. Mutational studies showed that the mutations of residues D195, H199, H262 and H274 to Ala result in the significant activity loss of Tba ADH(547), suggesting that residues D195, H199, H262 and H274 are responsible for catalysis. Overall, Tba ADH(547) is a thermoactive ADH with novel biochemical characteristics, thereby allowing this enzyme to be a potential biocatalyst. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electric Literature of 16545-68-9, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 16545-68-9.

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