Tag: 100-200

Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus and yeast species and their effect on the quality of fermented rice cakes was written by He, Li;Chen, Yanhua;Zhang, Haitian;Wang, Hui;Chen, Shujuan;Liu, Shuliang;Liu, Aiping;Li, Qin;Ao, Xiaolin;Liu, Yaowen. And the article was included in Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies in 2022.Related Products of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

In this study, microbes were isolated from the rice slurry of a fermented rice cake to obtain lactic acid bacteria and yeast species. These species were identified using microbial physiol. and gene sequence analyses. As the growth of the lactic acid bacterial strain R-2b and the yeast J-3a strains were found to be the best, a composite starter comprising these microbes was used for the preparation of fermented rice cakes. Based on single factor and orthogonal experiments, when the proportion of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida humilis was 1:3:6, the optimal fermentation conditions were addition of sugar and starter amounts of 20% and 6%, resp., a fermentation temperature of 32掳C, and fermentation time of 8 h. The fermented rice cake with this optimum ratio had the most abundant volatile components and qualified physicochem. and microbial indexes. Addnl., the overall quality was better than that of com. available products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Related Products of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Humic substances measurement in sludge dissolved organic matter: A critical assessment of current methods was written by Xiao, Keke;Horn, Harald;Abbt-Braun, Gudrun. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Product Details of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

The role of humic substances (HS) during sludge treatment has been the focus in recent years. Quantification of HS in sludge dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the chem. and structural characterization of HS data are the prerequisite for understanding their role during different sludge treatment processes. Currently, a number of published articles inadequately acknowledge fundamental principles of anal. methods both in terms of exptl. approach and data anal. Therefore, a more comprehensive and detailed description of the exptl. methods and the data anal. are needed. In this study, the current used methods for HS quantification in DOM of sludge had been tested for different calibration and sludge DOM samples. The results indicated that the current methods showed overestimated and contradictory results for HS quantification in sludge DOM. To be specific, using the modified Lowry method, different values were obtained depending on the humic acids used for calibration, and false neg. results were observed for some sludge samples. By using the relative amount of HS (based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) to total sludge DOM (based on DOC), variations among the results of different anal. methods for the same sample were high. According to the calculated Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indexes, the results for HS quantification obtained by three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM), either with spectra anal. methods by peak picking, fluorescence region integration (both region volume and area integration), or PARAllel FACtor anal. showed higher degrees of dissimilarity to those quantified by size exclusion liquid chromatog. or XAD-8 method. The selection of fluorescence regions for HS seemed to be the determining factor for overestimation obtained by the 3D-EEM technique. In future work, strategies, like a consistent terminol. of HS, the use of an internal standard sample, and the related standardized operation for HS quantification in sludge DOM need to be established. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Product Details of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of trapped-into-solids volatile organic compounds on paper biodeteriogens was written by Menicucci, Felicia;Palagano, Eleonora;Michelozzi, Marco;Cencetti, Gabriele;Raio, Aida;Bacchi, Alessia;Mazzeo, Paolo P.;Cuzman, Oana A.;Sidoti, Alessandro;Guarino, Salvatore;Basile, Sara;Riccobono, Ornella;Peri, Ezio;Vizza, Francesco;Ienco, Andrea. And the article was included in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Paper items from historical archives and libraries are frequently colonized by biodeteriogens, the management of which is a major concern. Essential oil Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol, with high levels of antimicrobial and insect repellent activity, were stabilized within crystalline networks of 尾-cyclodextrins and phenazine-based cocrystals, as a new tool for the control of paper-degrading agents. These formulations were obtained via solvent-free methodologies and resulted as easy handling powders, suitable for the treatment of paper items by indirect contact. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the following species isolated from a book depository at Forte Belvedere (Florence, IT): Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma orientale, Metschnikowia sp., and Bacillus sp. Both formulates displayed a significant antimicrobial activity in vitro, with cocrystals showing higher efficacy than 尾-cyclodextrins. The formulates were also tested against the pest Lasioderma serricorne, towards which the cocrystals entrapping carvacrol and thymol exhibited repellent activity. Overall, the phenazine-carvacrol cocrystal was the best-performing formulate, also giving favorable outcomes in terms of antifungal activity in an on-paper in vitro experiment designed to reproduce on a small-scale the critical conditions of an infested archive. These promising results pave the way towards further experimentations of VOC-based solid formulates, to shed light on such products applicability for the preservation of paper items. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly efficient NHC-iridium-catalyzed 尾-methylation of alcohols with methanol at low catalyst loadings was written by Lu, Zeye;Zheng, Qingshu;Zeng, Guangkuo;Kuang, Yunyan;Clark, James H.;Tu, Tao. And the article was included in Science China: Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C9H9F3O This article mentions the following:

A highly efficient 尾-methylation of primary and secondary alcs. with methanol was achieved by using bis-N-heterocyclic carbene iridium (bis-NHC-Ir) complexes. Broad substrate scope and up to quant. yields were achieved at low catalyst loadings with only hydrogen and water as byproducts. The protocol was readily extended to the 尾-alkylation of alcs. with several primary alcs. Control experiments, along with DFT calculations and crystallog. studies, revealed that the ligand effect was critical to their excellent catalytic performance, shedded light on more challenging Guerbet reactions with simple alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Formula: C9H9F3O).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C9H9F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sulfonamidopyrrolidinone Factor Xa Inhibitors: Potency and Selectivity Enhancements via P-1 and P-4 Optimization was written by Choi-Sledeski, Yong Mi;McGarry, Daniel G.;Green, Daniel M.;Mason, Helen J.;Becker, Michael R.;Davis, Roderick S.;Ewing, William R.;Dankulich, William P.;Manetta, Vincent E.;Morris, Robert L.;Spada, Alfred P.;Cheney, Daniel L.;Brown, Karen D.;Colussi, Dennis J.;Chu, Valeria;Heran, Christopher L.;Morgan, Suzanne R.;Bentley, Ross G.;Leadley, Robert J.;Maignan, Sebastien;Guilloteau, Jean-Pierre;Dunwiddie, Christopher T.;Pauls, Henry W.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1999.Recommanded Product: 15777-70-5 This article mentions the following:

Sulfonamidopyrrolidinones were previously disclosed as a selective class of factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors, culminating in the identification of RPR120844 as a potent member with efficacy in vivo. Recognizing the usefulness of the central pyrrolidinone template for the presentation of ligands to the S-1 and S-4 subsites of fXa, studies to optimize the P-1 and P-4 groups were initiated. Sulfonamidopyrrolidinones containing 4-hydroxy- and 4-aminobenzamidines were discovered to be effective inhibitors of fXa. X-ray crystallog. experiments in trypsin and mol. modeling studies suggest that our inhibitors bind by insertion of the 4-hydroxybenzamidine moiety into the S-1 subsite of the fXa active site. Of the P-4 groups examined, the pyridylthienyl sulfonamides were found to confer excellent potency and selectivity especially in combination with 4-hydroxybenzamidine. Compound I (RPR130737) was shown to be a potent fXa inhibitor (K_i = 2 nM) with selectivity against structurally related serine proteinases (>1000 times). Preliminary biol. evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of this inhibitor in common assays of thrombosis in vitro (e.g. activated partial thromboplastin time) and in vivo (e.g. rat FeCl₂-induced carotid artery thrombosis model). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5Recommanded Product: 15777-70-5).

4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 15777-70-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The enantioselective reduction of 2′-fluoroacetophenone utilizing a simplified CBS-reduction procedure was written by Garrett, Christine E.;Prasad, Kapa;Repic, Oljan;Blacklock, Thomas J.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron: Asymmetry in 2002.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

A practical, non-enzymic, catalytic process was developed for the enantioselective reduction of 2′-fluoroacetophenone. A number of catalysts were screened for the oxazaborolidine-type reduction of this ketone to obtain an optimized system. It was shown that the simplest procedure uses the catalyst formed in situ from (S)-伪,伪-diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol and borane-diethylaniline. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fe(III) superoxide radicals in halloysite nanotubes for visible-light-assisted benzyl alcohol oxidation and oxidative C-C coupling of 2-naphthol was written by Baruah, Manash J.;Bora, Tonmoy J.;Dutta, Rupjyoti;Roy, Subhasish;Guha, Ankur Kanti;Bania, Kusum K.. And the article was included in Molecular Catalysis in 2021.Application of 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Selective oxidation of benzyl alcs. to aldehydes and 2-naphthol to BINOL was achieved by activation of mol. oxygen (O₂) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) over an iron-oxide catalyst embedded in halloysite nanotube. ESR spectroscopy (ESR), Raman and in situ FTIR spectroscopic anal. provided direct evidence for the involvement of superoxide radical bound Fe^III species in the oxidation reaction. Both the anal. suggested the end-on binding of superoxide radical with Fe^III-center. The stability of such radical bound Fe^III-species in halloysite nanotube was analyzed through d. functional theory (DFT) calculations Results suggested that end-on (畏¹) binding was favorable by 13.5 kcal/ mol than the side-on (畏²) binding mode. The formation of such reactive species was believed to play the crucial role in bringing the high selectivity in the catalytic oxidation of benzyl alc. and oxidative C-C coupling of 2-naphthol. UV-Vis spectroscopic studies on the oxidation of benzyl alc. suggested for the initial adsorption of substrate mol. on the catalyst surface followed by its interaction with Fe^III -superoxide/hydroperoxide species generated upon photoirradiation with visible light in presence of O₂. The presence of a suitable band gap 鈭?.14 eV enabled the catalyst to catalyze the reaction under visible light irradiation Both the reactions (benzyl alc. and 2-naphthol oxidation) were tested in presence of both O₂ and H₂O₂ as oxidants at ambient temperature The influence of different parameters like rate of oxygen flow, amount of peroxide, nature of solvent, and catalyst amount on the conversion and selectivity of the reactions were studied to understand their role in the catalytic reactions. Successful oxidation of 2-naphthol with H₂O₂ as oxidant was a real success to overcome the limitations associated with this reaction using H₂O₂ as oxidant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Application of 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nitrogen dioxide-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohols under cocatalyst and acid-free conditions was written by Ren, Fangping;Tian, Xinzhe;Ren, Yun-Lai;Zhao, Shuang;Wang, Jianji;Zhao, Bo. And the article was included in Catalysis Communications in 2017.SDS of cas: 1777-82-8 This article mentions the following:

Nitrogen dioxide is usually considered as a mediator between dioxygen and the catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of alcs. Here, we report that nitrogen dioxide has an ability to catalyze this reaction, which not only avoids the use of the cocatalysts or the acids in traditional approaches, but also reveals a method for the present transformation with a single component catalyst. A series of primary and secondary benzyl alcs. underwent this transformation to give the targeted products in low to high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8SDS of cas: 1777-82-8).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 1777-82-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Localizable and Photoactivatable Fluorophore for Spatiotemporal Two-Photon Bioimaging was written by Zhou, Liyi;Zhang, Xiaobing;Lv, Yifan;Yang, Chao;Lu, Danqing;Wu, Yuan;Chen, Zhuo;Liu, Qiaoling;Tan, Weihong. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2015.Related Products of 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Photoactivatable probe-based fluorescent imaging has become an efficient and attractive technique for spatiotemporal microscopic studies of biol. events. However, almost all previously reported photoactivatable organic probes have been based on hydrosol. precursors, which produced water-soluble active fluorophores able to readily diffuse away from the photocleavage site, thereby dramatically reducing spatial resolution Hydroxyphenylquinazolinone (HPQ), a small organic dye known for its classic luminescence mechanism through excited-state intramol. proton transfer (ESIPT), shows strong light emission in the solid state, but no emission in solution HPQ was employed as a precursor to develop a localizable, photoactivatable two-photon probe (PHPQ) for spatiotemporal bioimaging applications. After photocleavage, PHPQ releases a precipitating HPQ fluorophore which shows both one-photon and two-photon excited yellow-green fluorescence, thereby producing a localizable fluorescence signal that affords high spatial resolution for bioimaging, with >200-fold one-photon and 150-fold two-photon fluorescence enhancement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Related Products of 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of different amino acid levels and a carvacrol-thymol blend on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs was written by Wang, Yanan;Yang, Zhipeng;Zhou, Yuanfei;Tan, Jiajian;Sun, Haiqing;Sun, Defa;Mu, Yuyun;Peng, Jian;Wei, Hongkui. And the article was included in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology in 2022.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Over the past years, antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues. However, the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet, and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters. Here, a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments, the low amino acid (AA) level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%) (Low AA), the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol-thymol blend (50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet) (CB) (Low AA+CB), the high AA level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%) (High AA), and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB (High AA+CB), resp. Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs. Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen, plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fecal lipocalin-2 contents (P < 0.05), significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory IgA (sIgA) and mucin 2 (MUC 2) contents (P < 0.05) in piglets, thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning. Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px (P < 0.05), while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma interleukin-1尾 (IL-1尾), plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli (P < 0.05). Thus, we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets (P < 0.05) during d 1鈭?4 after weaning through promoting intestinal health. These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts