Alcohols-buliding-blocks

Mercury bioremediation by engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 with adaptationally optimized biosecurity circuit was written by Xue, Yubin;Qiu, Tianlei;Sun, Zhi;Liu, Feixia;Yu, Bo. And the article was included in Environmental Microbiology in 2022.Reference of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hazardous materials, such as heavy metals, are the major sources of health risk. Using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to dispose heavy metals has the advantages of strong environmental compatibility and high efficiency. However, the biosecurity of GMOs used in the environment is a major concern. In this study, a self-controlled genetic circuit was designed and carefully fine-tuned for programmable expression in Pseudomonas putida KT2440, which is a widely used strain for environmental bioremediation. The cell behaviors were controlled by automatically sensing the variation of Hg²⁺ concentration without any inducer requirement or manual interventions. More than 98% Hg²⁺ was adsorbed by the engineered strain with a high cell recovery rate of 96% from waterbody. The remaining cells were killed by the suicide module after the mission was accomplished. The escape frequency of the engineered P. putida strain was lower than 10^-9, which meets the recommendation of US NIH guideline for GMOs release (<10^-8). The same performance was achieved in a model experiment by using natural lake water with addition of Hg²⁺. The microbial diversity anal. further confirmed that the remediation process made little impact on the indigenous ecosystem. Thus, this study provides a practical method for environmental remediation by using GMOs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Reference of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Antifungal Activity of Monoterpenes against Botryosphaeria dothidea was written by Zhang, Zhilin;Xie, Yongjian;Hu, Xian;Shi, Hongan;Wei, Mi;Lin, Zhufeng. And the article was included in Natural Product Communications in 2018.Related Products of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The development of natural plant extracts and essential oils will assist to decrease the neg. effects of synthetic chems. The antifungal activity of 20 pure monoterpenes was assessed their efficacy against Botryosphaeria dothidea. 20 compounds were investigated the antifungal activity against B. dothidea at the concentration of 400μg·mL^-1. And components were used to the future test, which of the antifungal rate is greater than 50% against B. dothidea. Results from antifungal tests revealed that cuminaldehyde, β-citronellol, nerol, geraniol, citral and α-terpineol exhibited strong antifungal effect against B. dothidea. In addition, the antifungal activity of cuminaldehyde, β-citronellol, and geraniol had a highest effect toward B. dothidea with LC₅₀ values of 105.15, 135.73, 132.69μg·mL^-1, resp. In addition to the antagonistic effect of geraniol/β-citronellol (1/2) mixture, the combination of other compounds has synergistic effect on B. dothidea. The present results indicated that cuminaldehyde, geraniol, and β-citronellol are promising antifungal effect against B. dothidea and could be useful in the search for new natural fungicide. Several high activity monoterpenes and some combined with two monoterpenes were identified, and provided a rationale for pursuing further research on the fungicide and enhanced efficacy by the combined of fungicide. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Related Products of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tartaric Acid-Assisted Synthesis of Well-Dispersed Ni Nanoparticles Supported on Hydroxyapatite for Efficient Phenol Hydrogenation was written by Zhu, Longfei;Ye, Sen;Zhu, Jiazheng;Duan, Chengjie;Li, Kun;He, Guangke;Liu, Xiang. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Developing highly active nonnoble-metal-based heterogeneous catalysts for selective hydrogenation is a long-sought goal due to the scarcity and high price of noble metals. Herein, well-dispersed and small-sized Ni nanoparticles (NPs) supported on hydroxyapatite (Ni-TA/HAP) were prepared using a simple tartaric acid (TA)-assisted impregnation method, which is based on the coupling interaction of strong electrostatic adsorption between the HAP and TA and reactive metal-ligand chelation between Ni and TA. Under mild conditions (e.g., 1 mol % Ni, 3 bar H₂ at 80°C), the as-synthesized Ni-TA/HAP exhibited excellent activity and selectivity (>99%) for the efficient hydrogenation of phenolic compounds to the corresponding cyclohexanols, as well as the controlled partial hydrogenation of N-heteroarenes. Characterization results revealed that TA addition could promote a better dispersion of Ni species and inhibit the aggregation of Ni NPs during the fabrication of the Ni-TA/HAP catalyst. An optimal TA dosage (n_TA/n_Ni = 0.5) as well as a low Ni loading (1.0 weight %) coconstructed the favorable microstructure of the well-dispersed Ni nanoparticles as the catalytic center. The hydrogenation was boosted by small-sized Ni nanoparticles with a high ability for H₂ activation and HAP with both base and acid sites for appreciating phenol absorption. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Regulated Expression of lpxC Allows for Reduction of Endotoxicity in Bordetella pertussis was written by Perez-Ortega, Jesus;van Boxtel, Ria;de Jonge, Eline F.;Tommassen, Jan. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Gram-neg. bacterium Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of a respiratory infection known as whooping cough. Previously developed whole-cell pertussis vaccines were effective, but appeared to be too reactogenic mainly due to the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, also known as endotoxin) in the outer membrane (OM). Here, we investigated the possibility of reducing endotoxicity by modulating the LPS levels. The promoter of the lpxC gene, which encodes the first committed enzyme in LPS biosynthesis, was replaced by an iso-Pr β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter. The IPTG was essential for growth, even when the construct was moved into a strain that should allow for the replacement of LPS in the outer leaflet of the OM with phospholipids by defective phospholipid transporter Mla and OM phospholipase A. LpxC depletion in the absence of IPTG resulted in morphol. changes of the cells and in overproduction of outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs). The reduced amounts of LPS in whole-cell preparations and in isolated OMVs of LpxC-depleted cells resulted in lower activation of Toll-like receptor 4 in HEK-Blue reporter cells. We suggest that, besides lipid A engineering, also a reduction in LPS synthesis is an attractive strategy for the production of either whole-cell- or OMV-based vaccines, with reduced reactogenicity for B. pertussis and other Gram-neg. bacteria. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bioactive functional collagen-oxidized pullulan scaffold loaded with polydatin for treating chronic wounds was written by Selvakumar, Gopika;Lonchin, Suguna. And the article was included in Biomaterials Advances in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Prolonged inflammation, elevated matrix metalloproteinases, hypoxia, decreased vascularization, increased oxidative stress, and bacterial infection are typical signs of chronic non-healing diabetic wounds. Any agent that improves one or all factors could offer enhanced opportunities for better healing of diabetic wounds. In this study, a polyphenol (polydatin) incorporated collagen scaffold was prepared using a biocompatible crosslinker, oxidized pullulan (Col-OxP3-Po), to treat diabetic wounds. The scaffolds were characterized using SEM, FTIR, antioxidant activity, in vitro and in vivo wound healing assay, gene expression, and immunohistopathol. studies. Polydatin incorporated scaffold exhibited 75% antioxidant activity, hemostatic and erythrocyte adhesion properties. FTIR results proved the incorporation of polydatin in the Col-OxP3-Po scaffold. They were also non-toxic to the 3 T3 fibroblasts with a viability of 93% and good cell attachment. In vivo, normal and diabetic wound healing studies showed that the Col-OxP3-Po scaffold treated group healed on days 16 and 21. The histol. and immunohistochem. analyses of the granulation tissues showed improved epithelialization, angiogenesis and enhanced collagen deposition by modulating TGF-β3 and MMP – 9 gene expressions favorable for better healing. Thus, this scaffold could be a newer treatment strategy for chronic non-healing wounds. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Optimization of the Extraction of Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seeds Using Ultrasonication-Assisted Aqueous Ethanol and Evaluation of Anti-Steatosis Activity In Vitro was written by Thilakarathna, Wasitha P. D. W.;Rupasinghe, H. P. Vasantha. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Reference of 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Conventional extraction methods of proanthocyanidins (PAC) are based on toxic organic solvents, which can raise concerns about the use of extracts in supplemented food and nutraceuticals. Thus, a PAC extraction method was developed for grape seeds (GS) and grape seed powder using food-grade ethanol by optimizing the extraction conditions to generate the maximum yield of PAC. Extraction parameters, % ethanol, solvent: solid (s:s) ratio, sonication time, and temperature were optimized by the central composite design of the response surface method. The yields of PAC under different extraction conditions were quantified by the methylcellulose precipitable tannin assay. The final optimum conditions were 47% ethanol, 10:1 s:s ratio (v:w), 53 min sonication time, and 60°C extraction temperature High-performance liquid chromatog. anal. revealed the presence of catechin, procyanidin B2, oligomeric and polymeric PAC in the grape seed-proanthocyanidin extracts (GS-PAC). GS-PAC significantly reduced reactive oxygen species and lipid accumulation in the palmitic-acid-induced mouse hepatocytes (AML12) model of steatosis. About 50% of the PAC of the GS was found to be retained in the byproduct of wine fermentation Therefore, the developed ethanol-based extraction method is suitable to produce PAC-rich functional ingredients from grape byproducts to be used in supplemented food and nutraceuticals. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Reference of 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Reference of 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Structural divergence in binuclear Cu(II) pyridoxal Schiff base complexes probed by co-ligands: catecholase mimetic activity and sulphide ion sensing was written by Chakraborty, Moumita;Mondal, Antu;Chattopadhyay, Shyamal Kumar. And the article was included in New Journal of Chemistry in 2020.Formula: C8H10ClNO3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Three hydroxymethyl bridged Cu(II) complexes of a pyridoxal Schiff base ligand 4-((E)-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylimino)methyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol (LH) were synthesized and characterized on the basis of spectroscopic, electrochem. and structural properties. The x-ray crystal structures of the complexes reveal dual denticity of the ligand, bidenticity in the absence of a co-ligand as in complex 1, and tridenticity in the presence of a co-ligand such as SCN^–/N(CN)₂^– as in complexes 2 and 3. The complexes, though binuclear in the solid state, exist as a monomeric unit in solution due to the exceptionally long axial Cu-O_{hydroxymethyl} (2.4-2.5 Å) bond. All three complexes show efficient catalytic activities towards the aerial oxidation of 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (DTBCH₂) with k_cat values of 5.38 x 10⁴ h^-1, 1.18 x 10⁵ h^-1 and 1.06 x 10⁵ h^-1 in methanol. Complexes 1 and 2 also act as a selective sulfide ion sensor with K_b values of 6.6 x 10³ M^-1 and 8.1 x 10³ M^-1, resp., while their resp. L.O.D. values are 3.4μM and 3.2μM. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Formula: C8H10ClNO3).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C8H10ClNO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Temoneira-1 β-lactamase is not a metalloenzyme, but its native metal ion binding sites allow for purification by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography was written by Nafaee, Zeyad H.;Hunyadi-Gulyas, Eva;Gyurcsik, Bela. And the article was included in Protein Expression and Purification in 2023.Reference of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

β-lactamases protect bacteria from β-lactam antibiotics. Temoneira (TEM) is a class A serine β-lactamase and its coding sequence is designed into DNA vectors, such as pET-21a (+), to provide antibiotic resistance. TEM-1 β-lactamase was overexpressed efficiently from this vector upon inducing protein expression by IPTG in BL21(DE3) cells. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatog. (IMAC) was used based on the three native putative metal ion binding sites of TEM-1 β-lactamase, each consisting of a pair of histidine sidechains. Elution was achieved at low concentrations of imidazole (∼15-200 mM). Two steps of IMAC and a subsequent anion exchange purification produced highly pure TEM-1 β-lactamase with a yield of 1.9 mg/g of wet bacterial pellet weight Mass spectrometry revealed that the mature form of β-lactamase (without the signal sequence) was obtained. The secondary structure composition, calculated from the CD spectrum, showed that the target protein was folded similar to the published crystal structure. Ni(II) binding to the enzyme was also investigated. Increasing amounts of Ni(II) ions had only a small effect on the protein structure. Mass spectrometry detected up to three bound metal ions at 10:1 Ni(II):protein molar ratio, but the major peak was assigned to the monometallated β-lactamase indicating the presence of a paramount metal ion binding site formed by the H151/H156 pair. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Reference of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liposomes Loaded with Everolimus and Coated with Hyaluronic Acid: A Promising Approach for Lung Fibrosis was written by Pandolfi, Laura;Marengo, Alessandro;Japiassu, Kamila Bohne;Frangipane, Vanessa;Tsapis, Nicolas;Bincoletto, Valeria;Codullo, Veronica;Bozzini, Sara;Morosini, Monica;Lettieri, Sara;Vertui, Valentina;Piloni, Davide;Arpicco, Silvia;Fattal, Elias;Meloni, Federica. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2021.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and interstitial lung disease associated with collagen tissue diseases (CTD-ILD) are two end-stage lung disorders in which different chronic triggers induce activation of myo-/fibroblasts (LFs). Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be adopted as a potential strategy for CLAD and CTD-ILD, however it exerts important side effects. This study aims to exploit nanomedicine to reduce everolimus side effects encapsulating it inside liposomes targeted against LFs, expressing a high rate of CD44. PEGylated liposomes were modified with high mol. weight hyaluronic acid and loaded with everolimus (PEG-LIP(ev)-HA400kDa). Liposomes were tested by in vitro experiments using LFs derived from broncholveolar lavage (BAL) of patients affected by CLAD and CTD-ILD, and on alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes isolated, resp., from BAL and peripheral blood. PEG-LIP-HA400kDa demonstrated to be specific for LFs, but not for CD44-neg. cells, and after loading everolimus, PEG-LIP(ev)-HA400kDa were able to arrest cell cycle arrest and to decrease phospho-mTOR level. PEG-LIP(ev)-HA400kDa showed anti-inflammatory effect on immune cells. This study opens the possibility to use everolimus in lung fibrotic diseases, demonstrating that our lipids-based vehicles can vehicle everolimus inside cells exerting the same drug mol. effect, not only in LFs, but also in immune cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of bisphenol A and bisphenol F on porcine uterus contractility was written by Zygmuntowicz, Aleksandra;Markiewicz, Wlodzimierz;Grabowski, Tomasz;Jaroszewski, Jerzy. And the article was included in Journal of Veterinary Research in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenols, as endocrine disruptors, may cause a wide range of health problems in humans, but so far, not all of them have been confirmed in animals, including pigs. Since animals are also exposed to bisphenols, we hypothesised that these substances may have an effect on uterine contractility in pigs. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the most-used bisphenol, bisphenol A (BPA), and a selected analog, bisphenol F (BPF), on the contractile activity of the pig uterus. The investigation utilized smooth muscles from immature pigs (n = 6), cyclic pigs on days 12-14 of the oestrous cycle (n = 6) or early pregnant pigs on days 12-16 of pregnancy (n = 6). Strips of the myometrium were exposed to BPA and BPF at concentrations of 10-13-10-1 M. Smooth muscle contractility was determined with equipment for measuring isometric contractions. BPA caused a significant decrease in contraction amplitude, and frequency and in myometrial tension in all groups examined BPF caused a decrease in the amplitude and frequency of contractions in all groups and in myometrial tension in the early pregnant group. The obtained results indicate that both BPA and BPF relaxed the porcine myometrium, but these changes, especially in the amplitude and frequency of contractions, were more evident after BPF treatment. The extent of relaxation is dependent on the physiol. status of the animals. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts