Alcohols-buliding-blocks

Piezo-photoelectric all-in-one coaxial hierarchical TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ heterostructure for synergistic water splitting was written by Yang, M.;Wang, Y.;Ma, H.;Chen, L.;Ge, S.;Wang, X.;Yu, J.;Cheng, Z.. And the article was included in Materials Today Chemistry in 2022.Application of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

Rational multiple-field coupling, component control, and microarchitectures design for utilization of multiform driving forces as well as benefiting charge-carrier separation and migration is considered to be an outstanding approach to improve water splitting efficiency for alleviating increasing environmental problems. Herein, a novel piezo-photoelec. catalyst, coaxial TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ heterostructures, was designed for efficient hydrogen production, synergistically driven by mech. force, electricity, and light. The vertical growth of TiO₂ nanorods guarantees sufficient generation of photoinduced charges and their fast migration. Elec. field generated by the piezoelec. BaTiO₃ shell under a mech. driving force will promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby minimizing the probability of charge recombination. The further incorporation of the outermost layer of CuInS₂ is beneficial to broaden light harvesting. Of particular importance is the cascade band arrangement of the three different functional components, which greatly enhances the transfer of photo- and piezoelec. induced charges. With the synergy of enhanced light harvesting, energy band engineering, and nanostructure interfacial design, the fabricated TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ photoelectrode has achieved significant enhancement of piezo-photoelec. hydrogen evolution efficiency and could be expanded for pollutant decomposition This simple yet general strategy provides valuable guidance for cooperatively capitalizing on piezoelectricity to engineer high-performing energy conversion and environmental protection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Electro organic synthesis as green and sustainable approach for synthesis of chloro substituted benzyl alcohols was written by Saharan, Ritu. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A green and sustainable approach for synthesis of chloro substituted benzyl alcs. has been established. In present research paper cyclic voltammetry study followed by constant current electrolysis and characterization of synthesized 2-chlorobenzyl alc., 3-chlorobenzyl alc., 4-chlorobenzyl alc. and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alc. has been reported. Cyclic voltammetry measurements have been employed to setup optimum conditions for electrolysis and to find out electrochem. nature of various Chloro substituted benzaldehydes. Then these results have been judiciary used to carry out electrochem. reduction of various chloro substituted benzaldehydes using constant current electrolysis. Influence of scan rate and pH on reduction peaks has also been investigated referring irreversible electron transfer phenomenon in basic medium. The kinetic parameters for reduction reactions have been estimated showing the process under the influence of diffusion control. This has a scientific achievement in terms of the obtained products and their derivatives which are industrially and pharmaceutically significant chems. owing to their huge applications in petrochem. industries and medical sectors. Throat lozenges containing dichlorobenzyl alc. (DCBA) are used for treatment of respiratory tract infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aryl alkyl ketones employing ligands derived from amino acids was written by Wettergren, Jenny;Zaitsev, Alexey B.;Adolfsson, Hans. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2007.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

The combination of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium dichloride dimer [{RhCl₂Cp*}₂] and pseudodipeptide ligands, formed from N-Boc protected amino acids and amino alcs., resulted in efficient and selective catalysts for the asym. transfer hydrogenation of ketones in 2-propanol. A number of different secondary alcs., e.g., I, were obtained in high yields and in excellent enantioselectivity using these in situ formed catalysts. Deuterium-labeling experiments showed that the hydride transfer reaction occurs via the monohydridic route. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ultrasound-promoted aminolysis of epoxides in aqueous media. A rapid procedure with no pH adjustment for additive-free synthesis of β-aminoalcohols was written by Abaee, M. Saeed;Hamidi, Vahid;Mojtahedi, Mohammad M.. And the article was included in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 2008.Formula: C13H19NO This article mentions the following:

An efficient and environmentally friendly procedure promoted by ultrasound irradiation was developed for stereoselective ring opening of various epoxides with aromatic and aliphatic amines under aqueous conditions in the presence of no catalyst or additive. Chemoselectivity of the protocol was shown by competition of piperidine and aniline to react with different epoxides resulting in exclusive formation of the resp. products of piperidine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Formula: C13H19NO).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C13H19NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

An update on drugs for the treatment of menopausal symptoms was written by Palacios, Santiago;Mejias, Andrea. And the article was included in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy in 2015.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) are recognized as the most frequent and bothersome symptoms associated with menopause. There are different treatments for both groups of symptoms, being necessary to individualize them. There are different therapies for VMS including hormonal treatments with estrogen, with and without progestins; the new alternative, tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC), tibolone, phytoestrogens and only progestins. Evidence also shows efficacy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Other nonhormonal alternatives exist as second-line treatments, all with not conclusive results. The GSM can be treated with nonhormonal treatments such as vaginal lubricants and moisturizers, other alternatives as vaginal laser needs to have more evidence. On the other hand, there is the possibility to use the hormonal treatments with systemic or local estrogen, which are the most effective treatment, the TSEC and the newest selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), ospemifene. Therapies with testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are still under study. The GSM can be treated with nonhormonal treatments such as vaginal lubricants and moisturizers, and other alternatives as vaginal laser need to have more evidence. On the other hand, there is the possibility to use the hormonal treatments with systemic or local estrogen, which are the most effective treatment, the TSEC and the newest SERM, ospemifene. Therapies with testosterone and DHEA are still under study. The increasing numbers of therapies for menopausal symptoms open up new options, but we must individualize treatments. New possibilities arise in patients who did not have them and which can improve compliance and is also important to design strategies using combined or sequential treatments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of vitamins and metal ions on productivity and charge heterogeneity of IgG1 expressed in CHO cells was written by Gangwar, Neelesh;Mishra, Rishabh;Budholiya, Niharika;Rathore, Anurag S.. And the article was included in Biotechnology Journal in 2021.Reference of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

Recombinant monoclonal antibodies have emerged as the most successful modality of biotherapeutics. They are primarily expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. It is well known that post-translational modifications (PTM) contribute significantly to heterogeneity with respect to charge, glycosylation, and size. These attributes in turn impact stability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the biotherapeutic product. Cell culture media components are known to significantly contribute to both cellular productivity as well as post-translational modifications. Thus, it is highly desirable to understand how media components affect product quality. This study aims to explore the impact of vitamins and metal ions on protein expression and post-translational modifications specifically charge heterogeneity. Biotin, choline chloride, D-calcium pantothenate, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine hydrochloride vitamins and Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Zn, Mn, Ni metal ions were examined in this study. The results indicate that pyridoxine enhances productivity while Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and biotin impact charge heterogeneity. While, Fe, Mn and Ni enhance production of the acidic variants, Cu and biotin inhibit it. Zn reduces formation of basic variants while biotin enhances it. The results from this investigation could be used for process control so as to get consistent charge variant profile, in particular for biosimilars. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Reference of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Exposure to Contaminated River Water is Associated with Early Hatching and Dysregulation of Gene Expression in Early Life Stages of the Endangered Copper Redhorse (Moxostoma hubbsi) was written by Marchand, H.;Barst, B. D.;Boulanger, E.;Vachon, N.;Houde, M.;Xia, J.;Liu, P.;Ewald, J. D.;Bayen, S.;Liu, L.;Head, J. A.. And the article was included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

The copper redhorse (Moxostoma hubbsi) is an endangered fish that spawns exclusively in the Richelieu River (Quebec, Canada). Tributaries of the Richelieu are contaminated with high levels of current-use pesticides, which may impact early-life stage (ELS) copper redhorse and other native fishes. We assessed the effects of exposure to contaminated river water on ELS copper redhorse and river redhorse (Moxostoma carinatum), a related fish that shares the copper redhorse’s spawning grounds and nursery habitat. A riverside flow-through system was used to expose copper and river redhorse embryos (1000 each) to Richelieu River water or laboratory water as a control. Fish were maintained until 14 days posthatch, and water samples were taken daily for chem. anal. Following a heavy rain event, concentrations of two neonicotinoid pesticides, clothianidin and thiamethoxam, exceeded water quality guidelines for aquatic life (20 ng/L). Using nontargeted screening, we tentatively identified an addnl. 24 pharmaceutical and personal care products and 23 pesticides in river water. Effects of river water on ELS fish were observed in both species, but the copper redhorse appeared to be more sensitive. Fish exposed to river water hatched 10.7 (copper redhorse) and 2.4 (river redhorse) cumulative degree days earlier than controls. Copper redhorse survival was significantly lower in river water (73 ± 16%) compared to laboratory water (93 ± 3%), whereas river redhorse survival was similar between treatments (84 ± 6% and 89 ± 4%, resp.). Sequencing of copper redhorse larvae RNA revealed 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following 14 days of exposure to river water. Eight up-regulated DEGs were linked to immune function and injury response, and seven down-regulated DEGs were involved with digestion and nutrient absorption. The present study provided valuable data on the effects of ELS exposure to a real-world mixture of contaminants in two fish species of concern. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Recommanded Product: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, body composition, serum biochemical indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed with high level soybean oil diets was written by Xu, Ning;Ding, Tao;Liu, Yongtao;Zheng, Weiqiang;Liu, Qiangde;Yin, Zhaoyang;Xiang, Xiaojun;Xu, Dan;Mai, Kangsen;Ai, Qinghui. And the article was included in Aquaculture Nutrition in 2021.Application of 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

A 10-wk feed trial was conducted to investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB) supplementation on growth performance, body composition, serum biochem. indexes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) fed diets containing high level of soybean oil. In the neg. control group, 80 g/kg fish oil was used as the only lipid source (FO group), while in the pos. control group, 20 g/kg fish oil and 60 g/kg soybean oil were used as the lipid source (FS group). Based on the pos. control diet, grade levels of 1, 2, 4 and 8 g/kg tributyrin were added, resp. Results showed that compared with the neg. control group, high level of dietary soybean oil significantly decreased the growth performance and increased the liver lipids deposition of juvenile large yellow croaker. Compared with the pos. control group, supplementation of 2 g/kg tributyrin significantly increased the growth performance and reduced the liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Supplementation of 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased liver triglycerides and serum cholesterol and free fatty acids content of juvenile large yellow croaker. Moreover, supplementation of 2 and 4 g/kg tributyrin significantly decreased the expression of acc, srebp-1, and pparγ and significantly increased the expression of cpt1. Results of the present study indicated that moderate tributyrin supplementation in diet containing high level of soybean oil could promote growth performance and reduce liver fat accumulation and hyperlipidemia of cultured juvenile large yellow croaker, which could be due to the decrease in lipogenesis-related genes expression and the increase in lipid oxidation-related genes expression. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Application of 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A general carbonyl alkylative amination for tertiary amine synthesis was written by Kumar, Roopender;Floden, Nils J.;Whitehurst, William G.;Gaunt, Matthew J.. And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2020.Electric Literature of C11H14ClN This article mentions the following:

The ubiquity of tertiary alkylamines in pharmaceutical and agrochem. agents, natural products and small-mol. biol. probes has stimulated efforts towards their streamlined synthesis. Arguably the most robust method for the synthesis of tertiary alkylamines is carbonyl reductive amination, which comprises two elementary steps: the condensation of a secondary alkylamine with an aliphatic aldehyde to form an all-alkyl-iminium ion, which is subsequently reduced by a hydride reagent. Direct strategies were sought for a ‘higher order’ variant of this reaction via the coupling of an alkyl fragment with an alkyl-iminium ion that was generated in situ. However, despite extensive efforts, the successful realization of a ‘carbonyl alkylative amination’ has not yet been achieved. Here the authors present a practical and general synthesis of tertiary alkylamines through the addition of alkyl radicals to all-alkyl-iminium ions. The process is facilitated by visible light and a silane reducing agent, which trigger a distinct radical initiation step to establish a chain process. This operationally straightforward, metal-free and modular transformation forms tertiary amines, without structural constraint, via the coupling of aldehydes and secondary amines with alkyl halides. The structural and functional diversity of these readily available precursors provides a versatile and flexible strategy for the streamlined synthesis of complex tertiary amines. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-1,5-methanobenzo[d]azepine hydrochloride (cas: 230615-52-8Electric Literature of C11H14ClN).

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1H-1,5-methanobenzo[d]azepine hydrochloride (cas: 230615-52-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Electric Literature of C11H14ClN

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bacteria incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to improve the mortar properties and self-healing occurrence was written by Chaerun, Siti Khodijah;Syarif, Ridwan;Wattimena, Ridho Kresna. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2020.Synthetic Route of C6H20CaO11 This article mentions the following:

Concrete can be harmful to the environment due to its high energy consumption and CO₂ emission and also has a potential crack formation, which can promote a drop in its strength. Therefore, concrete is considered as a non-sustainable material. The mechanisms by which bacterial oxidation of organic carbon can precipitate calcite that may fill the voids and cracks on cement-based materials have been extensively investigated to prevent and heal the micro-cracks formation. Hence, this study focused on utilizing a new alkaliphilic bacterial strain indigenous to an Indonesian site, Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1, incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate, as a low-cost calcium source, with various bacterial inoculum concentrations The bacterium was employed in this study due to its ability to adapt to basic pH, thus improving the phys. properties and rejuvenating the micro-cracks. Exptl., the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate slightly affected the mortar properties. Likewise, bacteria-incorporated mortar exhibited an enhancement in the phys. properties of mortar. The highest improvement of mech. properties (an increase of 45% and 36% for compressive and indirect tensile strength, resp.) was achieved by the addition of calcium lactate pentahydrate incorporated with 10% volume/volume bacterial inoculum [about 7 × 107 CFU/mL (colony-forming unit/mL)]. The self-healing took place more rapidly on bacterial mortar supplemented with calcium lactate pentahydrate than on the control specimen. XRD anal. demonstrated that the mineralogical composition of self-healing precipitates was primarily dominated by calcite (CaCO₃), indicating the capacity of L. sphaericus strain SKC/VA-1 to precipitate calcite through organic carbon oxidation for self-healing the artificial crack on the mortar. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential utilization of the bacterium L. sphaericus incorporated with calcium lactate pentahydrate to increase the mortar properties, including its self-healing ability. However, further study with the water-cement ratio variation is required to investigate the possibility of using L. sphaericus and calcium lactate pentahydrate as an alternative method rather than reducing the water-cement ratio to enhance the mortar properties. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5Synthetic Route of C6H20CaO11).

Calcium 2-hydroxypropanoate pentahydrate (cas: 5743-47-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C6H20CaO11

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts