Alcohols-buliding-blocks

YdfD, a Lysis Protein of the Qin Prophage, Is a Specific Inhibitor of the IspG-Catalyzed Step in the MEP Pathway of Escherichia coli was written by Lu, Zhifang;Wang, Biying;Qiu, Zhiyu;Zhang, Ruiling;Zheng, Jimin;Jia, Zongchao. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol This article mentions the following:

Bacterial cryptic prophage (defective prophage) genes are known to drastically influence host physiol., such as causing cell growth arrest or lysis, upon expression. Many phages encode lytic proteins to destroy the cell envelope. As natural antibiotics, only a few lysis target proteins were identified. ydfD is a lytic gene from the Qin cryptic prophage that encodes a 63-amino-acid protein, the ectopic expression of which in Escherichia coli can cause nearly complete cell lysis rapidly. The bacterial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for synthesizing the isoprenoids uniquely required for sustaining bacterial growth. In this study, we provide evidence that YdfD can interact with IspG, a key enzyme involved in the MEP pathway, both in vivo and in vitro. We show that intact YdfD is required for the interaction with IspG to perform its lysis function and that the mRNA levels of ydfD increase significantly under certain stress conditions. Crucially, the cell lysis induced by YdfD can be abolished by the overexpression of ispG or the complementation of the IspG enzyme catalysis product methylerythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate. We propose that YdfD from the Qin cryptic prophage inhibits IspG to block the MEP pathway, leading to a compromised cell membrane and cell wall biosynthesis and eventual cell lysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Strategies toward optimization of the metabolism of a series of serotonin-4 partial agonists: investigation of azetidines as piperidine isosteres was written by Obach, Ronald Scott;LaChapelle, Erik A.;Brodney, Michael A.;Vanase-Frawley, Michelle;Kauffman, Gregory W.;Sawant-Basak, Aarti. And the article was included in Xenobiotica in 2016.Recommanded Product: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol This article mentions the following:

The first generation 5HT-4 partial agonist, 4-{4-[4-Tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yloxymethyl]-piperidin-1-ylmethyl}-tetrahydropyran-4-ol, PF-4995274 (TBPT), was metabolized to N-dealkylated (M1) and an unusual, cyclized oxazolidine (M2) metabolites. and demonstrated pharmacol. activity at 5HT receptor subtypes warranting further investigation into their dispositional properties in humans; was a minor component in vitro but was the pre-dominant metabolite identified in human plasma. To shift metabolism away from the piperidine ring of TBPT, a series of heterocyclic replacements were designed, synthesized, and profiled. Groups including azetidines, pyrrolidines, as well as functionalized piperidines were evaluated with the goal of identifying an alternative group that maintained the desired potency, functional activity, and reduced turnover in human hepatocytes. Activities of 4-substituted piperidines or pyrrolidine analogs at the pharmacol. target were not significantly altered, but the same metabolic pathways of N-dealkylation and oxazolidine formation were still observed Altering these to bridged ring systems lowered oxazolidine metabolite formation, but not N-dealkylation. The effort concluded with identification of azetidines as second-generation 5HT₄ partial agonists. These were neither metabolized via N-dealkylation nor converted to cyclized oxazolidine metabolites rather oxidized on the isoxazole ring. The use of azetidine as a replacement for aliphatic aza-heterocyclic rings in drug design to alter drug metabolism and pharmacol. is discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Recommanded Product: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Exploring the chemical space for freeze-drying excipients was written by Meng-Lund, Helena;Holm, Tobias Palle;Poso, Antti;Jorgensen, Lene;Rantanen, Jukka;Grohganz, Holger. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Commonly, a limited number of generally accepted bulking agents and lyoprotectants are used for freeze-drying; predominantly mannitol, glycine, sucrose and trehalose. The purpose of this study was to combine a theor. approach using mol. descriptors with a large scale exptl. screening to evaluate the suitability of a broad range of excipients for freeze-drying. A large selection of sugars, polyols and amino acids was characterized by modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) after well-plate based freeze-drying. The calculated mol. descriptors were investigated with both hierarchical cluster anal. and principal component anal. A clear clustering of the excipients according to the size-related and weight-related descriptors was observed; however other relevant descriptors could also be identified. From a practical perspective, a trend was observed with regard to a higher likelihood for amorphization and a higher glass transition temperature of the maximally freeze-concentrated solution with increasing mol. size. A translation of the mol. descriptors on pharmaceutical performance was more successful for lyoprotectants than for bulking agents. Addnl., in the course of the exptl. screening, several new potential bulking agents and lyoprotectants were identified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R,3R,4S,5S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanal hydrate (cas: 10030-85-0) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Light-induced enantioselective hydrogenation using chiral derivatives of Casey’s iron-cyclopentadienone catalyst was written by Berkessel, Albrecht;Reichau, Sebastian;von der Hoeh, Adrian;Leconte, Nicolas;Neudorfl, Joerg-M.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2011.Application In Synthesis of (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol This article mentions the following:

Iron cyclopentadienone half-sandwich complexes I [8a–e; R = H, Me, Ph, 2-naphthyl, 3,5-(CF₃)₂C₆H₃] and an (R)-enantiomer of 8a, ent-8a, containing chiral (S)- and (R)-MonoPhos ligands, chirally modified Casey’s catalysts, were prepared by Me₃NO- or photolysis-induced substitution of the parent tricarbonyl complex, [[畏⁴-O(CH₂)₂(C:CSiMe₃)₂C:O]Fe(CO)₃] (7) with the chiral phosphoramidite ligands. Crystal structures of 8a and 8c were determined The complexes 8a–e and ent-8a catalyze asym. hydrogenation of acetophenone into (S)- and (R)-1-phenylethanol, resp., with 90% yields and up to 32% ee, the reaction being induced by UV irradiation Photolysis was also used to convert the dicarbonyl phosphoramidite complexes 8 to the coordinatively unsaturated monocarbonyl complexes, which are intermediates in the catalytic cycle of ketone hydrogenation. Hydrogen uptake by the latter species affords the “loaded” diastereomeric hydrides [[畏⁵-O(CH₂)₂(C:CSiMe₃)₂COH]Fe(CO)(L^*)] [10, 11; L^* = unsubstituted (S)-MonoPhos] and an achiral hydride [[畏⁵-O(CH₂)₂(C:CSiMe₃)₂COH]Fe(CO)₂] (6), as evidenced by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Thus, the preparation of sensitive iron hydrides by the typically low-yielding Hieber reaction could be avoided. Instead, the catalytic cycle is accessed from air-stable carbonyl precursors. In the hydridic form of the phosphoramidite-carbonyl catalysts, the iron atom itself becomes a stereocenter. NMR spectroscopy confirmed the generation of two hydride diastereomers. With the MonoPhos iron dicarbonyl complex, moderate enantioselectivity (up to 31% ee) was achieved in the hydrogenation of acetophenone. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol (cas: 863659-89-6Application In Synthesis of (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol).

(S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol (cas: 863659-89-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Efficient asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones in ethanol with chiral iridium complexes of spiroPAP ligands as catalysts was written by Liu, Wei-Peng;Yuan, Ming-Lei;Yang, Xiao-Hui;Li, Ke;Xie, Jian-Hua;Zhou, Qi-Lin. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2015.Related Products of 120121-01-9 This article mentions the following:

Highly efficient iridium catalyzed asym. transfer hydrogenation of simple ketones with ethanol as a hydrogen donor has been developed. By using chiral spiro iridium catalysts, a series of alkyl aryl ketones were hydrogenated to chiral alcs. with up to 98% ee. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Related Products of 120121-01-9).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Related Products of 120121-01-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly-conformal nanocrystalline molybdenum nitride thin films by atomic layer deposition as a diffusion barrier against Cu was written by Jang, Yujin;Kim, Jun Beom;Hong, Tae Eun;Yeo, So Jeong;Lee, Sunju;Jung, Eun Ae;Park, Bo Keun;Chung, Taek-Mo;Kim, Chang Gyoun;Lee, Do-Joong;Lee, Han-Bo-Ram;Kim, Soo-Hyun. And the article was included in Journal of Alloys and Compounds in 2016.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate This article mentions the following:

Molybdenum nitride (Mo₂N) thin films were grown by at. layer deposition (ALD) using a sequential supply of a newly synthesized Mo metalorganic precursor, Mo(N^tBu)₂(S^tBu)₂, and H₂ plasma at a substrate temperature of 300 掳C. A newly proposed ALD system exhibited typical ALD characteristics, such as a self-limited film growth and a linear dependency of the film thickness on the number of ALD cycles, and showed a growth rate of 0.028 nm/cycle on a thermally grown SiO₂ substrate. Such the ideal ALD growth characteristics enabled excellent step coverage of 鈭?0% for the ALD-grown Mo₂N film onto nano-trenches with a width of 25 nm and an aspect ratio 鈭?.5. The optimized film had a resistivity as low as 鈭?50 渭惟-cm. X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and XPS analyses confirmed that formation of N-rich cubic Mo₂N (N/Mo = 鈭?.7) phase with carbon and sulfur impurities of 2.6 and 7.4 at.%, resp. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy anal. showed that the film formed a nanocrystalline microstructure with 5-8-nm-sized grains embedded in an amorphous matrix. An ultrathin (only 鈭? nm-thick) ALD-grown Mo₂N film effectively prevented diffusion of Cu into Si after annealing at a temperature even up to 650 掳C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate).

Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate (cas: 29364-29-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of Sodium 2-methyl-2-propanethiolate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Differences in molecular structure in cross-linked polycationic nanoparticles synthesized using ARGET ATRP or UV-initiated polymerization was written by Forbes, D. C.;Peppas, N. A.. And the article was included in Polymer in 2013.Related Products of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

This work compares material properties of polycationic nanoparticles synthesized using the techniques of UV-initiated polymerization or ARGET ATRP and relates differences in material properties to differences in mol. structure. The nanoparticles are based on the pH-responsive monomer 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol) Me ether methacrylate (PEGMA), tert-Bu methacrylate (tBMA), and tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) in a surfactant-stabilized monomer-in-water emulsion to form cross-linked nanoscale hydrogels. ARGET ATRP resulted in a narrower distribution of mol. weight for linear analogs of the polycationic nanoparticles. In addition, ARGET ATRP formulations showed a sharper glass transition than UV-initiated formulations, indicating increased homogeneity. These networks could be used as drug delivery carriers or for other nanogel applications that would benefit from polycationic nanoparticles with high homogeneity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Related Products of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Thiol-Yne click chemistry of acetylene-enabled macrocyclization was written by Lu, Shiwei;Wang, Zipeng;Zhu, Shifa. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Herein reported a photocatalyzed thiol-yne click reaction to forge diverse sulfur-containing macrocycles (up to 3,5-membered ring) and linear C2-linked 1,2-(S-S/S-P/S-N) functionalized mols., starting from the simplest alkyne, acetylene. Preliminary mechanistic experiments supported a visible light-mediated radical-polar crossover dihydrothiolation process. This operationally straightforward reaction was also amenable to the synthesis of organometallic complexes, bis-sulfoxide ligand and a pleuromutilin antibiotic drug Tiamulin, which provided a practical route to synthesize highly valued compounds from the feedstock acetylene gas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photocatalytic Dehydroxymethylative Arylation by Synergistic Cerium and Nickel Catalysis was written by Chen, Yuegang;Wang, Xin;He, Xu;An, Qing;Zuo, Zhiwei. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2021.Safety of 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Under mild reaction conditions with inexpensive cerium and nickel catalysts, easily accessible free alcs. can now be utilized as operationally simple and robust carbon pronucleophiles in selective C(sp³)-C(sp²) cross-couplings. Facilitated by automated high-throughput experimentation, sterically encumbered benzoate ligands have been identified for robust cerium complexes, enabling the synergistic cooperation of cerium catalysis in the emerging metallaphotoredox catalysis. A broad range of free alcs. and aromatic halides can be facilely employed in this transformation, representing a new paradigm for the C(sp³)-C(sp²) bond construction between free alcs. and aryl halides with the extrusion of formaldehyde. Moreover, mechanistic investigations have been conducted, leading to the identification of a tribenzoate cerium(III) complex as a viable intermediate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Safety of 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sulfuryl Fluoride Promoted Thiocyanation of Alcohols: A Practical Method for Preparing Thiocyanates was written by Zhang, Guofu;Xuan, Lidi;Zhao, Yiyong;Ding, Chengrong. And the article was included in Synlett in 2020.Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A novel SO₂F₂-promoted thiocyanation method for the one-step synthesis of thiocyanates RCH₂SCN [R = Ph, 2-pyridyl, CH₂(CH₂)₅CH₃, etc.] through C-O bond cleavage of alcs. RCH₂OH with ammonium thiocyanate as the thiocyanating agent was developed. The method avoided the use of addnl. catalyst and a variety of (hetero)arene, alkene and aliphatic alcs. reacted with high efficiency in Et acetate under mild conditions to afford the corresponding thiocyanates RCH₂SCN in excellent to quant. yields with broad functional-group compatibility. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts