Alcohols-buliding-blocks

A base promoted multigram synthesis of aminoisoxazoles: valuable building blocks for drug discovery and peptidomimetics was written by Chalyk, Bohdan A.;Kandaurova, Inna Y.;Hrebeniuk, Kateryna V.;Manoilenko, Olga V.;Kulik, Irene B.;Iminov, Rustam T.;Kubyshkin, Vladimir;Tverdokhlebov, Anton V.;Ablialimov, Osman K.;Mykhailiuk, Pavel K.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2016.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol This article mentions the following:

A practical multigram metal free synthesis of isoxazole-containing building blocks from com. available amino acids was elaborated. The key reaction was a regioselective [3+2]-cycloaddition of in-situ generated nitrile oxides with alkynes/enamines. The obtained building blocks were used in the preparation of bioactive compounds and peptidomimetics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design and synthesis of cyanamides as potent and selective N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitors was written by Malamas, Michael S.;Farah, Shrouq I.;Lamani, Manjunath;Pelekoudas, Dimitrios N.;Perry, Nicholas Thomas;Rajarshi, Girija;Miyabe, Christina Yume;Chandrashekhar, Honrao;West, Jay;Pavlopoulos, Spiro;Makriyannis, Alexandros. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Synthetic Route of C9H17NO3 This article mentions the following:

N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibition represents an exciting novel approach to treat inflammation and pain. NAAA is a cysteine amidase which preferentially hydrolyzes the endogenous biolipids palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA). PEA is an endogenous agonist of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-伪 (PPAR-伪), which is a key regulator of inflammation and pain. Thus, blocking the degradation of PEA with NAAA inhibitors results in augmentation of the PEA/PPAR-伪 signaling pathway and regulation of inflammatory and pain processes. We have prepared a new series of NAAA inhibitors exploring the azetidine-nitrile (cyanamide) pharmacophore that led to the discovery of highly potent and selective compounds Key analogs demonstrated single-digit nanomolar potency for hNAAA and showed >100-fold selectivity against serine hydrolases FAAH, MGL and ABHD6, and cysteine protease cathepsin K. Addnl., we have identified potent and selective dual NAAA-FAAH inhibitors to investigate a potential synergism between two distinct anti-inflammatory mol. pathways, the PEA/PPAR-伪 anti-inflammatory signaling pathway,^1-4 and the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 pathways which are known for their antiinflammatory and antinociceptive properties.^5-8 Our ligand design strategy followed a traditional structure-activity relationship (SAR) approach and was supported by mol. modeling studies of reported X-ray structures of hNAAA. Several inhibitors were evaluated in stability assays and demonstrated very good plasma stability (t_1/2 > 2 h; human and rodents). The disclosed cyanamides represent promising new pharmacol. tools to investigate the potential role of NAAA inhibitors and dual NAAA-FAAH inhibitors as therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammation and pain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Synthetic Route of C9H17NO3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Synthetic Route of C9H17NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polymer-Network Toughening and Highly Sensitive Mechanochromism via a Dynamic Covalent Mechanophore and a Multinetwork Strategy was written by Watabe, Takuma;Aoki, Daisuke;Otsuka, Hideyuki. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Multinetwork (MN) elastomers exhibit outstanding mech. properties that arise from the sacrificial first network (FN). Here, we report the mech. and mechanochromic properties of an MN elastomer with a difluorenylsuccinonitrile (DFSN) moiety incorporated into the crosslinking points of its FN. DFSN is a mechanochromophore that affords stable, pink radical intermediates upon exposure to mech. stimuli. We distinctly demonstrated that the replacement of a conventional cross-linker by a weaker cross-linker does have a direct effect on the stress-strain behavior of elastomers to improve fracture toughness. The toughening mechanism of the DFSN-containing MN elastomers was revealed through a highly sensitive and quant. anal. of the mech. activated stable radicals by ESR spectroscopy. We also clarified that the MN strategy is an effective technique to achieve high activation of the mechanophores at a lower threshold strain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Preparation of a new chiral stationary phase based on (2S,3S)-O,O’-bis-(10-undecenoyl)-N,N’-bis-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-2,3-diamino-1,4-butanediol and its application for the liquid chromatographic resolution of enantiomers was written by Hyun, Myung Ho;Boo, Chang Jin;Choi, Hee Jung;Kim, Yun Kyoung;Kang, Bu Sung;Ha, Hyun Ju;Choi, Min Ki;Tan, Guanghui. And the article was included in Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society in 2006.Quality Control of (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol This article mentions the following:

A new liquid chromatog. chiral stationary phase based on (2S,3S)-O,O’-bis-(10-undecenoyl)-N,N’-bis-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-2,3-diamino-1,4-butanediol was prepared starting from (2R,3R)-1,4-bis(benzyloxy)-2,3-butanediol. The new chiral stationary phase was applied to the resolution of racemic anilide derivatives of N-acetyl-伪-amino acids, 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and 3,3′-diaryl-1,1′-bi-2-naphthols. It was also applied to the resolution of some chiral drugs including bendroflumethiazide, naproxen and alminoprofen. In every case, the chiral recognition efficiency of the new CSP was quite excellent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol (cas: 863659-89-6Quality Control of (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol).

(S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol (cas: 863659-89-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of (S)-[2,3′:1′,1”:3”,2”’-Quaternaphthalene]-2′,2”-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Industrially viable process for reduction of esters to alcohols with sodium borohydride under buffer and aqueous alcoholic conditions was written by Chavakula, Ramadas;Rao, M. Narayana;Babu, B. Gopi;Kumar, K. Praveen;Rao, Ch. Srinivasa. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 2014.Application In Synthesis of (5-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol This article mentions the following:

A simple and convenient procedure for the synthesis of alcs. from esters by reduction method using sodium borohydride in the presence of dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate under aqueous alc. conditions is described. This method uses inexpensive, safe and environmentally friendly reducing agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (5-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol (cas: 102074-19-1Application In Synthesis of (5-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol).

(5-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol (cas: 102074-19-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of (5-Methylpyridin-3-yl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Absolute proton affinities of some substituted toluenes: the additivity rule of thumb for ipso attack was written by Eckert-Maksic, Mirjana;Knezevic, Andrea;Maksic, Zvonimir B.. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry in 1998.Reference of 15777-70-5 This article mentions the following:

The problem of the ipso protonation of toluene and its predominantly disubstituted derivatives was considered by the MP2(fc)/6-31G^**//HF/6-31G^*+ZPE(HF/6-31G^*) theor. model. The substituents involved covered a wide range of different donor-acceptor capabilities. It is shown that the calculated MP2 ipso proton affinities of substituted toluenes follow mutatis mutandis the same additivity rule which was found earlier to be operative in polysubstituted benzenes, naphthalenes and biphenylenes. The additivity equation is both intuitively appealing and useful, being able to offer quant. estimates of the proton affinity by very simple calculation It is based on the concept of the increment, which in turn describes the influence of a single substituent on the proton affinity. Any substituent behaves as a rule as if the other were non-existent, thus giving rise to the independent substituent approximation (ISA). The performance of the additivity rule of thumb is very good, as evidenced by the average absolute deviation of 1 kcal mol^-1. Larger deviations are possible, but they rarely occur, being indicative of a difference in interactions between substituents in the initial neutral base and in the final cationic conjugate acid. Finally, it follows as a corollary of the present anal. that protonation ipso to the CH₃ group is never thermodynamically the most favorable site of proton attack in the benzene ring, provided that there is a single unsubstituted carbon atom within the aromatic moiety. The relevance of ipso protonation in persubstituted benzenes is briefly discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5Reference of 15777-70-5).

4-Hydroxy-3-methylbenzonitrile (cas: 15777-70-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Reference of 15777-70-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dioxygenase-catalysed oxidation of disubstituted benzene substrates: benzylic monohydroxylation versus aryl cis-dihydroxylation and the meta effect was written by Boyd, Derek R.;Sharma, Narain D.;Bowers, Nigel I.;Dalton, Howard;Garrett, Mark D.;Harrison, John S.;Sheldrake, Gary N.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2006.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol This article mentions the following:

Biotransformations of a series of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted ethylbenzene and propylbenzene substrates have been carried out, using Pseudomonas putida UV4, a source of toluene dioxygenase (TDO). The ortho- and para-substituted alkylbenzene substrates yielded, exclusively, the corresponding enantiopure cis-dihydrodiols of the same absolute configuration. However, the meta isomers, generally, gave benzylic alc. bioproducts, in addition to the cis-dihydrodiols (the meta effect). The benzylic alcs. were of identical (R) absolute configuration but enantiomeric excess values were variable. The similar (2R) absolute configurations of the cis-dihydrodiols are consistent with both the Et and Pr groups having dominant stereodirecting effects over the other substituents. The model used earlier, to predict the regio- and stereo-chem. of cis-dihydrodiol bioproducts derived from substituted benzene substrates has been refined, to take account of non-sym. substituents like Et or Pr groups. The formation of benzylic hydroxylation products, from meta-substituted benzene substrates, without further cis-dihydroxylation to yield triols provides a further example of the meta effect during toluene dioxygenase-catalyzed oxidations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of different amino acid levels and a carvacrol-thymol blend on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs was written by Wang, Yanan;Yang, Zhipeng;Zhou, Yuanfei;Tan, Jiajian;Sun, Haiqing;Sun, Defa;Mu, Yuyun;Peng, Jian;Wei, Hongkui. And the article was included in Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology in 2022.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Over the past years, antibiotic growth promoter had been restricted in animal husbandry production in many countries because of antimicrobial resistance and foodborne antibiotic residues. However, the problems of poor intestinal health and low growth efficiency of piglets have not been solved completely in an antibiotic-free diet, and it is urgent to explore alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters. Here, a total of 532 weaned pigs were assigned to one of 4 treatments, the low amino acid (AA) level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.35%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.25%) (Low AA), the low AA level diet supplementation with a carvacrol-thymol blend (50 mg carvacrol and 50 mg thymol/kg of diet) (CB) (Low AA+CB), the high AA level diet (d 1 to d 14 is 1.50%, d 15 to d 42 is 1.40%) (High AA), and the high AA level diet supplementation with a CB (High AA+CB), resp. Then we measured growth performance and intestinal health indicators of weaned pigs. Results showed that high AA level significantly reduced plasma urea nitrogen, plasma Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fecal lipocalin-2 contents (P < 0.05), significantly increased the relative abundance of fecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and had a trend to increase the fecal secretory IgA (sIgA) and mucin 2 (MUC 2) contents (P < 0.05) in piglets, thereby alleviating the diarrhea of piglets and reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of piglets during d 1~14 after weaning. Dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes T-SOD and GSH-px (P < 0.05), while significantly reduced plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma interleukin-1尾 (IL-1尾), plasma endotoxin and D-lactic acid contents (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, CB significantly decreased fecal lipocalin-2 contents and the abundance of fecal Escherichia coli (P < 0.05). Thus, we hypothesis that dietary supplementation with CB significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets (P < 0.05) during d 1鈭?4 after weaning through promoting intestinal health. These results suggest that high AA level and dietary supplementation with CB improved the growth performance of weaned pigs in an antibiotic-free diet by improving AA metabolism and intestinal antioxidant capacity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of replacement genetically modified soybean meal by a mixture of: Linseed cake, sunflower cake, guar meal and linseed oil in laying hens diet. Production results and eggs quality was written by Damaziak, K.;Riedel, J.;Marzec, A.;Kowalska, H.;Niemiec, J.;Gozdowski, D.;Cholcha, I.. And the article was included in Animal Feed Science and Technology in 2021.SDS of cas: 137-08-6 This article mentions the following:

The Kulmilk (KulM) preparation containing linseed cake (300 g/kg), sunflower cake (350 g/kg), guar meal (300 g/kg) and linseed oil (50 g/kg) was studied as alternative to genetically modified soybean meal (GM SBM) in the diet of laying hens. Two hundred forty hens maintained in cages were divided into 5 groups (8 hens per cage x 6 replications). From 18 wk of life, the hens were fed five diets for 33 wks: Control without KulM, and A, B, C, D with resp. KulM content: 109, 170, 222 and 292 g/kg replacing GM SBM. Laying performance, egg weight, conversion ratio and hen mortality was continuously controlled throughout the experiment Hen body weight was determined on 0 and 32 wk of production On 7, 15 and 23 wk of laying, anal. of fresh eggs and eggs were stored for 21 d was performed (20 eggs per group). On 7 and 23 wk of hen laying, cholesterol level and fatty acid profile was determined on fresh eggs and eggs stored for 21 d (6 eggs per group). Sensory assessment of eggs was performed on eggs 15 wks laying. Introduction of KulM to the diet replacing GM SBM contributed to increas laying performance, reduced mean egg weight and the final hen body weight but it did not influence the weight of eggs per hen, conversion ratio and mortality. The best production results were obtained in group A. Pos. impact of KulM was observed on the albumen quality and the yolk index of fresh and stored eggs, as well as reduction of yolk adhesiveness after 21 d. Cholesterol level in yolks depended on the laying performance, thus KulM had indirect influenced on its reduction, especially in group A. Linear relationship was demonstrated between KulM level and reduction of SFA acids, particularly of C16:0 acid. KulM contributed to increas share of C18:1, C18:3 and C22:6 acids and reduction of C20:1 and C18:2 acids in the yolk. The influence of KulM on the content of individual mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed primarily in group D. No impact of KulM on the sensory quality of eggs could be demonstrated. In summary, KulM can be recommended as a safe and efficient substitute of GM SBM in laying hens diet, particularly at a concentration of the diet at 109 g/kg. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6SDS of cas: 137-08-6).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 137-08-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Localizable and Photoactivatable Fluorophore for Spatiotemporal Two-Photon Bioimaging was written by Zhou, Liyi;Zhang, Xiaobing;Lv, Yifan;Yang, Chao;Lu, Danqing;Wu, Yuan;Chen, Zhuo;Liu, Qiaoling;Tan, Weihong. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2015.Related Products of 60463-12-9 This article mentions the following:

Photoactivatable probe-based fluorescent imaging has become an efficient and attractive technique for spatiotemporal microscopic studies of biol. events. However, almost all previously reported photoactivatable organic probes have been based on hydrosol. precursors, which produced water-soluble active fluorophores able to readily diffuse away from the photocleavage site, thereby dramatically reducing spatial resolution Hydroxyphenylquinazolinone (HPQ), a small organic dye known for its classic luminescence mechanism through excited-state intramol. proton transfer (ESIPT), shows strong light emission in the solid state, but no emission in solution HPQ was employed as a precursor to develop a localizable, photoactivatable two-photon probe (PHPQ) for spatiotemporal bioimaging applications. After photocleavage, PHPQ releases a precipitating HPQ fluorophore which shows both one-photon and two-photon excited yellow-green fluorescence, thereby producing a localizable fluorescence signal that affords high spatial resolution for bioimaging, with >200-fold one-photon and 150-fold two-photon fluorescence enhancement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Related Products of 60463-12-9).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 60463-12-9

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts