Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Tribet, C. published the artcileThermodynamic Characterization of the Exchange of Detergents and Amphipols at the Surfaces of Integral Membrane Proteins, Quality Control of 85618-21-9, the publication is Langmuir (2009), 25(21), 12623-12634, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The aggregation of integral membrane proteins (IMPs) in aqueous media is a significant concern for mechanistic investigations and pharmaceutical applications of this important class of proteins. Complexation of IMPs with amphiphiles, either detergents or short amphiphilic polymers known as amphipols (APols), renders IMPs water-soluble It is common knowledge that IMP-detergent complexes are labile, while IMP-APol complexes are exceptionally stable and do not dissociate even under conditions of extreme dilution To understand the thermodn. origin of this difference in stability and to guide the design of new APols, the authors have studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) the heat exchanges during two reciprocal processes, the “trapping” of detergent-solubilized IMPs in APols and the “stripping” of IMP-APol complexes by detergents, using two IMPs (the transmembrane domain of porin OmpA from Escherichia coli and bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium salinarium), two APols [an anionic polymer derived from acrylic acid (A8-35) and a cationic phosphorylcholine-based polymer (C22-43)], and two neutral detergents [n-octyl thioglucoside (OTG) and n-octyltetraethylene glycol (C₈E₄)]. In the presence of detergent, free APols and IMP-APol complexes form mixed particles, APol-detergent and IMP-APol-detergent, resp., according to the regular mixing model. Diluting IMP-APol-detergent complexes below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the detergent triggers the dispersion of detergent mols. as monomers, a process characterized by an enthalpy of demicellization. The enthalpy of APol ↔ detergent exchange on the hydrophobic surface of IMPs is negligibly small, an indication of the similarity of the mol. interactions of IMPs with the two types of amphiphiles. The enhanced stability against dilution of IMP-APol complexes, compared to IMP-detergent ones, originates from the difference in entropy gain achieved upon release in water of a few APol mols. (in the case of IMP-APol complexes) or several hundred detergent mols. (in the case of IMP-detergent complexes). The data account both for the stability of IMP-APols complexes in the absence of detergent and for the ease with which detergents displace APols from the surface of proteins.

Langmuir published new progress about 85618-21-9. 85618-21-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydropyran,Chiral,sulfides,Alcohol, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(octylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C18H34N4O5S, Quality Control of 85618-21-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fanfoni, Lidia published the artcileEfficient synthesis of new fluorinated building blocks by means of hydroformylation, Quality Control of 83706-94-9, the publication is Chimia (2014), 68(6), 371-377, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The hydroformylation reactions of fluorinated olefins were reviewed and added new results from the research group. The particular attention is paid to the remarkable influence of organofluorine substituents on catalyst activity, regio- and stereoselectivity of the hydroformylation reaction.

Chimia published new progress about 83706-94-9. 83706-94-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks, name is (E)-4,4,4-Trifluorobut-2-en-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H5F3O, Quality Control of 83706-94-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lunyera, Joseph published the artcileUrine tricarboxylic acid cycle signatures of early-stage diabetic kidney disease, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is Metabolomics (2022), 18(1), 5, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Urine tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle organic anions (OAs) are elevated in diabetes and may be biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression. We assessed associations of 10 urine TCA cycle OAs with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and eGFR slope. This study is ancillary to the Simultaneous Risk Factor Control Using Telehealth to SlOw Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease (STOP-DKD) Trial-a randomized trial of pharmacist-led medication and behavior management in 281 patients with early to moderate DKD at Duke from 2014 to 2015. We used linear mixed models to assess associations of urine TCA cycle OAs with outcomes and modelled TCA cycle OAs as: (1) the average of z-scores for each OA; and (2) principal component (PC) scores derived by principal component anal. (PCA). Untargeted urine metabolomics were added for addnl. discovery. Among 132 participants with 24 h urine samples (50% men; 58% Black; mean age 64 years [SD 9]; mean eGFR 74 mL/min/1.73m² [SD 21] and median urine albumin-to-creatinine [UACR] 20 mg/g [IQR 8-95]), PCA identified 3 OA metabolite PCs. Malate, fumarate, pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, lactate, succinate and citrate/isocitrate loaded pos. on PC1; methylsuccinate, ethylmalonate and succinate loaded pos. on PC2; and methylmalonate, ethylmalonate and citrate/isocitrate loaded neg. on PC3. Over a median follow-up of 1.8 years (IQR, 1.2 to 2.2), higher average OA z-score was strongly associated with higher eGFR after covariate adjustment (p = 0.01), but not with eGFR slope (p = 0.9). Higher PC3, but not other PCs, was associated with lower eGFR (p < 0.001). Conditional random forests and smooth clipped absolute deviation models confirmed methylmalonate, citrate/isocitrate, and ethylmalonate, and added lactate as top ranked metabolites in models of baseline eGFR (R-squared 0.32 and 0.33, resp.). Untargeted urine metabolites confirmed association of urine TCA cycle OAs with kidney function. Thus, lower urine TCA cycle OAs, most notably lower methylmalonate, ethylmalonate and citrate/isocitrate, are potential indicators of kidney impairment in early stage DKD.

Metabolomics published new progress about 621-37-4. 621-37-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol,Natural product, name is 3-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O3, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Arvand, Majid published the artcileElectrochemical study on the natural and chemical preservatives antibacterial effect against S. aureus PTCC 1112 and its determination at low levels, Computed Properties of 70445-33-9, the publication is Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society (2020), 17(1), 195-203, database is CAplus.

Pathogen microorganisms detection, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is so critical because it can be dangerous for public health. In this research, we have tried to introduce a simple and sensitive modified biosensor by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for S. aureus PTCC 1112 detection which was inoculated in PBS (pH 7.4). The pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) method showed that by increasing the concentration of S. aureus suspension, the related current will increase linearly in a dynamic range of 1.88 × 10⁷-3.00 × 10⁸ cfu mL^-1, with a detection limit of 4.85 × 10⁵ cfu mL^-1. The antibacterial effect of three herbal essential oils, tea, bergamot and lemon, and three common chem. cosmetic preservatives, euxyl (phenoxyethanol:ethylhexylglycerin), benzyl alc. and benzalib (alkyl benzyl di-Me ammonium chloride), was compared by electrochem. and biol. methods. The results based on disk diffusion agar method and PAD revealed that this biosensor can be used for comparing the effectiveness of natural and chem. preservatives to inhibit the growth of bacteria. By adding the essential oils into the S. aureus suspension in PBS, the related currents were largely decreased about 65.83% (green tea), 80.49% (bergamot) and 93.30% (lemon) that are in agreement with the inhibition zones of microbial test and comparable to chem. preservatives of euxyl (73.52%), benzyl alc. (90.65%) and benzalib (93.81%). It demonstrates the comparative antibacterial effect of these essential oils vs. chem. preservatives and the ability of MWCNTs/GCE to detect the presence or absence of S. aureus in a few minutes.

Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society published new progress about 70445-33-9. 70445-33-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 3-((2-Ethylhexyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C11H24O3, Computed Properties of 70445-33-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Llama, Emilio F. published the artcileSynthesis and antinociceptive activity of 9-phenyl-9-alkoxy or 9-acyloxy derivatives of xanthene, thioxanthene and acridine, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1989), 24(4), 391-6, database is CAplus.

9-Phenyl-9-(alkoxy or acyloxy) derivatives of xanthene, thioxanthene, and acridine I (X = O, S, NH, NMe; R = Me, Et, Ac, COEt) are prepared by PhLi or PhMgBr addition to xanthone, thioxanthone or acridone followed by derivatization of the resultant hydroxy group. I (X = O, S; R = COEt) demonstrated potent antinociceptive activity.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 596-38-3. 596-38-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Benzene,Alcohol, name is 9-Phenyl-9H-xanthen-9-ol, and the molecular formula is C19H14O2, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bagutski, Viktor published the artcileMechanistic studies into amine-mediated electrophilic arene borylation and its application in MIDA boronate synthesis, Application of 5,5′-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,2′-bithiophene, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2013), 135(1), 474-487, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Direct electrophilic borylation using Y₂BCl (Y₂ = Cl₂ or o-catecholato) with equimolar AlCl₃ and a tertiary amine has been applied to a wide range of arenes and heteroarenes, yielding aryl and heterocyclic boronates in a regioselective way. In situ functionalization of the ArBCl₂ products is possible with Me₃SiOCOCH₂NMeCH₂CO₂SiMe₃ (TMS₂MIDA), to afford bench-stable and easily isolable MIDA-boronates in moderate to good yields; pinacol and neopentylglycol esters were also prepared According to a combined exptl. and computational study, the borylation of activated arenes at 20° proceeds through an S_EAr mechanism with borenium cations, [Y₂B(amine)]⁺, the key electrophiles. For catecholato-borocations, two amine dependent reaction pathways were identified: with [CatB(NEt₃)]⁺, an addnl. base is necessary to accomplish rapid borylation by deprotonation of the borylated arenium cation (σ complex), which otherwise would rather decompose to the starting materials than liberate the free amine to effect deprotonation. Apart from amines, the addnl. base may also be the arene itself when it is sufficiently basic (e.g., N-Me-indole). When the amine component of the borocation is less nucleophilic (e.g., 2,6-lutidine), no addnl. base is required due to more facile amine dissociation from the boron center in the borylated arenium cation intermediate. Borenium cations do not borylate poorly activated arenes (e.g., toluene) even at high temperatures; instead, the key electrophile in this case involves the product from interaction of AlCl₃ with Y₂BCl. When an extremely bulky amine is used, borylation again does not proceed via a borenium cation; instead, a number of mechanisms are feasible including via a boron electrophile generated by coordination of AlCl₃ to Y₂BCl, or by initial (heteroarene)AlCl₃ adduct formation followed by deprotonation and transmetalation.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 239075-02-6. 239075-02-6 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiophene,Boronic acid and ester,Boronate Esters, name is 5,5′-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,2′-bithiophene, and the molecular formula is C20H28B2O4S2, Application of 5,5′-Bis(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,2′-bithiophene.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Paioti, Paulo H. S. published the artcileCatalytic Enantioselective Boryl and Silyl Substitution with Trifluoromethyl Alkenes: Scope, Utility, and Mechanistic Nuances of Cu-F β-Elimination, Application In Synthesis of 83706-94-9, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2019), 141(50), 19917-19934, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Catalytic enantioselective methods are introduced that allow access to a variety of allyl boronates and silanes that contain a difluoroalkene unit; the resulting products may be used for the preparation of organofluorine compounds in high enantiomeric purity. Also, a number of key mechanistic aspects of the transformations were studied and analyzed. Thus, 1st, an NHC-Cu-catalyzed method for boryl substitution with F₃C-substituted alkenes is introduced. These processes, unlike the previously reported strategies, are applicable to alkyl as well as aryl substituted substrates, afford allyl boronates bearing a difluoroalkene moiety (up to 98% yield and 95:5 er). Second, the corresponding silyl substitutions, the 1st reported cases of their kind, are presented (up to 94% yield and 97:3 er). Third, exptl. and computational (DFT) studies are described that shed light on key mechanistic aspects of the catalytic processes. Evidence (x-ray structures of Cu-alkyl intermediates and kinetic studies) is put forth illustrating that the initial Cu-boryl and Cu-silyl addition is significantly faster than the ensuing Cu-F elimination, and that the latter step can be facilitated by either a mild Lewis acid (e.g., a Li or Na cation) or a nucleophilic promoter (e.g., an alkoxide). These findings together with DFT studies demonstrate that Cu-F β-elimination probably proceeds with anti-stereochem. Representative cases of ways through which the new mechanistic understanding may be used to rationalize previously disclosed findings, significantly improve a transformation, or develop new diastereo- and enantioselective catalytic methods are provided. For example, an explanation is provided regarding why bisphosphine-Cu complexes do not efficiently promote boryl substitutions with aryl-substituted substrates, but the corresponding silyl substitutions are facile, and how the size of a ligand can impact regioselectivity and efficiency.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 83706-94-9. 83706-94-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethylated Building Blocks, name is (E)-4,4,4-Trifluorobut-2-en-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H5F3O, Application In Synthesis of 83706-94-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ferrit, M. published the artcileEffects of long-chains of zwitterionic micelles on binding constants of triflusal and acetylsalicylic acid, Recommanded Product: 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, the publication is Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects (2009), 345(1-3), 26-30, database is CAplus.

A spectrophotometric study of the reaction of the alk. hydrolysis of triflusal (TFL) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in the presence of zwitterionic micelles was carried out, with the objective of determining the effects of the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions on the micellar union of both drugs. A series of zwitterionic surfactants of alkyldimethylammonio propanesulfonate (SB3-n) was used: decyldimethylammonio propanesulfonate (SB3-10), tetradecyldimethylammonio propanesulfonate (SB3-14), hexadecyldimethylammonio propanesulfonate (SB3-16). This reaction is inhibited at higher surfactant concentrations The exptl. data has been processed according to the micellar pseudophase model. The values of the binding constants of both drugs in the micelle (K _S) determine the importance of the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in the micelle solubilization of both drugs.

Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O3, Recommanded Product: 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ferrit, Monica published the artcileThe study of the influence of surfactant charge on alkaline hydrolysis reactions of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and triflusal (TFL) using spectrophotometric methods, Application of 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, the publication is European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2007), 31(3-4), 211-220, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In this research, the effects of micellar systems on alk. hydrolysis reactions of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and triflusal (TFL) were found to be dependant upon the surfactant charge within the micelle. In cationic micelles, there is a catalytic effect at low concentrations of surfactant. However, this reaction is inhibited at higher surfactant concentrations In anionic micelles, a catalytic effect occurs, while in zwitterionic and non-ionic micelles there is an inhibitory effect. Such reactions are attributable to changes in reactants on the micellar surface, or to the fact that both reactants are found in different microenvironments. The pseudophase (PS) and ion-exchange (PPIE) models were found to be consistent with the exptl. result. Furthermore, the association constants for both drugs could be determined together with micellar rate constants in heterogeneous media.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O3, Application of 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Barut, Burak published the artcileWater soluble axially morpholine disubstituted silicon phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterisation, DNA/BSA binding, DNA photocleavage properties, Name: 3-Morpholinophenol, the publication is Synthetic Metals (2017), 22-32, database is CAplus.

In this study axially 1-morpholinopropan-2-ol disubstituted silicon phthalocyanine 4 and axially 3-morpholinophenol disubstituted silicon phthalocyanine 5 and their quaternised water soluble derivatives (4a and 5a) were synthesized for the first time. The structural characterisations of these novel compounds were performed by a combination of FT-IR, ¹H NMR, UV-vis and mass. The binding propensity of the compounds with CT-DNA was performed using UV-vis absorption titration, competitive ethidium bromide and thermal denaturation experiments These studies revealed that 4a and 5a intercalate to CT-DNA with 3.94 ± (0.11) × 10⁴ M^-1 and 1.71 ± (0.09) × 10⁴ M^-1. The DNA cleavage ability of 4a and 5a was investigated using supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA on agarose gel electrophoresis. 4a indicated excellent photocleavage activity under light irradiation at 650 nm in a concentration-dependent manner. However, 5a showed low cleavage activities under light irradiation at 12.5 μM and 25 μM but it had moderate cleavage activity at 50 μM. The BSA interaction experiment showed that quenching mechanisms of BSA with 4a and 5a were found as static quenching using UV-vis spectroscopy. All of these results suggest that 4a has a superior photosensitizer agent for photodynamic therapy to that of 5a due to DNA photocleavage properties.

Synthetic Metals published new progress about 27292-49-5. 27292-49-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Benzene,Phenol, name is 3-Morpholinophenol, and the molecular formula is C10H13NO2, Name: 3-Morpholinophenol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts