Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Claassens, Nico J. published the artcilePhosphoglycolate salvage in a chemolithoautotroph using the Calvin cycle, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is phosphoglycolate signaling Calvin cycle chemolithoautotroph; CO2 fixation; glycolate oxidation; glycolate secretion; hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria; malate synthase.

Carbon fixation via the Calvin cycle is constrained by the side activity of Rubisco with dioxygen, generating 2-phosphoglycolate. The metabolic recycling of phosphoglycolate was extensively studied in photoautotrophic organisms, including plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, where it is referred to as photorespiration. Here, we study phosphoglycolate salvage in the model chemolithoautotroph Cupriavidus necator H16 (Ralstonia eutropha H16) by characterizing the proxy process of glycolate metabolism, performing comparative transcriptomics of autotrophic growth under low and high CO2 concentrations, and testing autotrophic growth phenotypes of gene deletion strains atambient CO2. We find that the canonical plant-like C2 cycle does not operate in this bacterium, and instead, the bacterial-like glycerate pathway is the main route for phosphoglycolate salvage. Upon disruption of the glycerate pathway, we find that an oxidative pathway, which we term the malate cycle, supports phosphoglycolate salvage. In this cycle, glyoxylate is condensed with acetylCoA (acetyl-CoA) to give malate, which undergoes two oxidative decarboxylation steps to regenerate acetyl-CoA. When both pathways are disrupted, autotrophic growth is abolished atambient CO2. We present bioinformatic data suggesting that the malate cycle may support phosphoglycolate salvage in diverse chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. This study thus demonstrates a so far unknown phosphoglycolate salvage pathway, highlighting important diversity in microbial carbon fixation metabolism

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America published new progress about Calvin cycle. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yan, Haifeng published the artcileCharacterization of full-length transcriptome in Saccharum officinarum and molecular insights into tiller development, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is Saccharum leaf tiller development transcriptome; C4 plant; Carbon fixation; Crop productivity; Gene expression; Genomic data; Linoleic acid.

Although extensive breeding efforts are ongoing in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.), the average yield is far below the theor. potential. Tillering is an important component of sugarcane yield, however, the mol. mechanism underlying tiller development is still elusive. The limited genomic data in sugarcane, particularly due to its complex and large genome, has hindered in-depth mol. studies. Herein, we generated full-length (FL) transcriptome from developing leaf and tiller bud samples based on PacBio Iso-Seq. In addition, we performed RNA-seq from tiller bud samples at three developmental stages (T0, T1 and T2) to uncover key genes and biol. pathways involved in sugarcane tiller development. In total, 30,360 and 20,088 high-quality non-redundant isoforms were identified in leaf and tiller bud samples, resp., representing 41,109 unique isoforms in sugarcane. Likewise, we identified 1063 and 1037 alternative splicing events identified in leaf and tiller bud samples, resp. We predicted the presence of coding sequence for 40,343 isoforms, 98% of which was successfully annotated. Comparison with previous FL transcriptomes in sugarcane revealed 2963 unreported isoforms. In addition, we characterized 14,946 SSRs from 11,700 transcripts and 310 lncRNAs. By integrating RNA-seq with the FL transcriptome, 468 and 57 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in T1vsT0 and T2vsT0, resp. Strong up-regulation of several pyruvate phosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genes suggests enhanced carbon fixation and protein synthesis to facilitate tiller growth. Similarly, up-regulation of linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase and lipoxygenase genes in the linoleic acid metabolism pathway suggests high synthesis of key oxylipins involved in tiller growth and development. Collectively, we have enriched the genomic data available in sugarcane and provided candidate genes for manipulating tiller formation and development, towards productivity enhancement in sugarcane.

BMC Plant Biology published new progress about Calvin cycle. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Herasymchuk, Khrystyna published the artcileA New Look at the Competitive Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction in the Pentanol Series, Quality Control of 584-02-1, the main research area is nucleophilic substitution reaction pentanol.

Substitution reactions of alcs. are some of the simplest experiments performed in undergraduate organic chem. laboratory settings. However, the use of gas chromatog. (GC) as an anal. tool for these reactions can be at time laborious and time-consuming. In this work, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, and 2-methyl-2-butanol were reacted with a 50/50 mixture of ammonium chloride-ammonium bromide in water to yield the corresponding alkyl bromide and alkyl chloride mixtures Aliquots of the reaction mixture were analyzed using proton NMR (1H NMR) spectroscopy and verified by GC. Secondary to secondary carbocation rearrangements were observed in the nucleophilic substitution reactions of 2- and 3-pentanol yielding a mixture of 2- and 3-substituted alkyl halides, while the primary and tertiary alcs. yielded the expected products. Students were assessed on their observations and explanations with the majority of them able to identify the correct reasoning for the alkyl halides mixture formation. 1H NMR spectroscopy provided an inexpensive and quicker method to analyze the mixture and expose the students to the secondary to secondary carbocation rearrangement in the nucleophilic substitution reaction in the pentanol series.

Journal of Chemical Education published new progress about Carbocations. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, Quality Control of 584-02-1.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Tao published the artcileStudy the lipidoid nanoparticle mediated genome editing protein delivery using 3D intestinal tissue model, Safety of 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, the main research area is lipidoid nanoparticle genome editing protein delivery intestinal tissue model; 3D tissue model; Genome engineering; Lipidoid nanoparticle; Oral drug delivery; Protein delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles are promising carriers for oral drug delivery. For bioactive cargos with intracellular targets, e.g. gene-editing proteins, it is essential for the cargo and carrier to remain complexed after crossing the epithelial layer of intestine in order for the delivery system to transport the cargos inside targeted cells. However, limited studies have been conducted to verify the integrity of cargo/carrier nanocomplexes and their capability in facilitating cargo delivery intracellularly after the nanocomplex crossing the epithelial barrier. Herein, we used a traditional 2D transwell system and a recently developed 3D tissue engineered intestine model and demonstrated the synthetic lipid nanoparticle (carrier) and protein (cargo) nanocomplexes are able to cross the epithelial layer and deliver the protein cargo inside the underneath cells. We found that the EC16-63 LNP efficiently encapsulated the GFP-Cre recombinase, penetrated the intestinal monolayer cells in both the 2D cell culture and 3D tissue models through temporarily interrupting the tight junctions between epithelial layer. After transporting across the intestinal epithelia, the EC16-63 and GFP-Cre recombinase nanocomplexes can enter the underneath cells to induce gene recombination. These results suggest that the in vitro 3D intestinal tissue model is useful for identifying effective lipid nanoparticles for potential oral drug delivery.

Bioactive Materials published new progress about Cell culture. 22483-09-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine, and the molecular formula is C4H11NO2, Safety of 2,2-Dimethoxyethanamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kotidis, Pavlos published the artcileModel-based optimization of antibody galactosylation in CHO cell culture, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is ovary cellular growth antibody galactosylation optimization math modeling; Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells; antibody glycosylation; galactosylation; mathematical modeling; nucleotide sugars; process optimization.

Exerting control over the glycan moieties of antibody therapeutics is highly desirable from a product safety and batch-to-batch consistency perspective. Strategies to improve antibody productivity may compromise quality, while interventions for improving glycoform distribution can adversely affect cell growth and productivity. Process design therefore needs to consider the trade-off between preserving cellular health and productivity while enhancing antibody quality. In this work, we present a modeling platform that quantifies the impact of glycosylation precursor feeding – specifically that of galactose and uridine – on cellular growth, metabolism as well as antibody productivity and glycoform distribution. The platform has been parameterized using an initial training data set yielding an accuracy of ±5% with respect to glycoform distribution. It was then used to design an optimized feeding strategy that enhances the final concentration of galactosylated antibody in the supernatant by over 90% compared with the control without compromising the integral of viable cell d. or final antibody titer. This work supports the implementation of Quality by Design towards higher-performing bioprocesses.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering published new progress about Cell density. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tomuta, Ioan published the artcileDevelopment and validation of NIR-chemometric methods for chemical and pharmaceutical characterization of meloxicam tablets, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0, the main research area is NIR chemometric meloxicam tablet pharmaceutical characterization.

Context: Near-IR (NIR) spectroscopy is an important component of a Process Anal. Technol. (PAT) toolbox and is a key technol. for enabling the rapid anal. of pharmaceutical tablets. Objective: The aim of this research work was to develop and validate NIR-chemometric methods not only for the determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients content but also pharmaceutical properties (crushing strength, disintegration time) of meloxicam tablets. Materials and methods: The development of the method for active content assay was performed on samples corresponding to 80%, 90%, 100%, 110% and 120% of meloxicam content and the development of the methods for pharmaceutical characterization was performed on samples prepared at seven different compression forces (ranging from 7 to 45 kN) using NIR transmission spectra of intact tablets and PLS as a regression method. Results: The results show that the developed methods have good trueness, precision and accuracy and are appropriate for direct active content assay in tablets (ranging from 12 to 18 mg/tablet) and also for predicting crushing strength and disintegration time of intact meloxicam tablets. Discussion: The comparative data show that the proposed methods are in good agreement with the reference methods currently used for the characterization of meloxicam tablets (HPLC-UV methods for the assay and European Pharmacopeia methods for determining the crushing strength and disintegration time). Conclusion: The results show the possibility to predict both chem. properties (active content) and phys./pharmaceutical properties (crushing strength and disintegration time) directly, without any sample preparation, from the same NIR transmission spectrum of meloxicam tablets.

Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy published new progress about Chemometrics. 64519-82-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (3R,4R,5R)-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentaol, and the molecular formula is C12H24O11, HPLC of Formula: 64519-82-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ozcan-Sinir, Gulsah published the artcileDetection of adulteration in extra virgin olive oil by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) and chemometrics, COA of Formula: C5H12O, the main research area is extra virgin olive oil adulteration SIFT MS chemometric.

Extra virgin olive oil is one of the most abundant oils used in a daily diet of Southern and Coastal European cities with its distinctive sensorial profile and health benefits. Because of its high price, EVOO has become one of the most adulterated foods in the world. The most widely used adulterants are seed and nut oils, lower quality olive oils or old olive oils. Many anal. methodologies have been used to detect adulteration. Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry is a unique method that measures volatile organic compounds simply, rapidly and sensitively. Soft independent modeling of class analogy was used to distinguish between EVOO samples based on their volatile contents. This study focused on the measurement of the volatile composition of extra virgin olive oils and determines targeted adulteration. Apparent differentiation was detected between adulterated EVOO and EVOO samples. Interclass distances higher than 3 indicates that samples were significantly different. SIFT-MS is a rapid and accurate technique to determine EVOO adulteration with chemometrics. According to partial least squares regression adulteration levels were clear in most samples. 1-Octanol, 1-penten-3-one, 2-phenylethanol, dodecane, anisole, Et nonanoate, isobutanoic acid, ocimene, phenol, toluene were determined as the most discriminant compounds to classify adulteration.

Food Control published new progress about Chemometrics. 584-02-1 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-Pentanol, and the molecular formula is C5H12O, COA of Formula: C5H12O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Mo published the artcileStructural, rheological properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from mulberry fruits (Murus alba L.) based on different extraction techniques with superfine grinding pretreatment, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Murus uronic acid mannose rhamnose polysaccharide protein antioxidant rheol; Antioxidant activities; Extraction method; Mulberry fruits polysaccharides; Rheological properties.

The structural characteristics and biol. activity of polysaccharides were influenced by different extraction methods. In this study, polysaccharides from mulberry fruits (Murus alba L., which were pre-treated with superfine grinding process) (MFP) were exacted using hot-water extraction (HWE), enzyme-assisted hot water extraction (EAHE), ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction (UAHE), and high-speed shear homogenization-assisted hot water extraction (HSEHE). The extraction yield, structure, rheol. properties and antioxidant activities of MFPs were investigated. MFP extracted using the HSEHE method have the highest extraction yields than other extraction methods. The smaller particle size of mulberry powder was found to improve the extraction yields. The MFPs were obtained by the combination between different extraction methods and superfine grinding pretreatment (through 100 mesh sieve) (MFP-HWE100, MFP-EAHE100, MFP-UAHE100, MFP-HSEHE100) showed the same levels of monosaccharide compositions and glycosyl linkages, However, these methods can produce MFP with different monosaccharide proportions, branching degree, different mol. weight, particle size and microstructure. MFP-HSEHE100 achieved the lowest mol. weight and particle size, which exhibited better thixotropy and antioxidant activities than other MFPs. This study identified that HSEHE was the most suitable extraction method for MFP.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xiao, Heng published the artcileSulfated modification, characterization, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides from Sargassum pallidum, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Sargassum liver cancer polysaccharide antioxidant hypoglycemia sulfated modification; Antioxidant; Hypoglycemic activity; Polysaccharides; Sargassum pallidum; Sulfation modification.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfated modification on the in vitro antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of Sargassum pallidum polysaccharides (SPP). Three sulfated derivatives (S-SPP1-4, S-SPP1-6 and S-SPP1-8) were prepared using chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method under different reaction conditions. Physicochem. characterization indicated that sulfated modification had successfully occurred. The degrees of substitution (DS) of S-SPP1-4, S-SPP1-6 and S-SPP1-8 were determined to be ranging from 0.85 to 1.19. Sulfated modification resulted in some changes in chem. component, mol. weight and monosaccharide composition of SPP. Among these sulfated polysaccharides, S-SPP1-4 exhibited the best DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, while S-SPP1-8 exhibited the best α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and promoting-effect on glucose consumption in insulin resistant (IR)-HepG2 cells. Furthermore, all the sulfated derivatives exhibited better hypoglycemic ability than native SPP. These results suggest that appropriately sulfated modification could enhance the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of S. pallidum polysaccharides, which might be used as an alternative derivative of natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Jian published the artcilePhysicochemical properties, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of polysaccharides from Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) based on different extraction methods, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is Morinda polysaccharide extraction antioxidant antiproliferative physicochem property; Antioxidant activity; Antiproliferative ability; Different extraction methods; Noni polysaccharide; Physicochemical properties.

The influences of different extraction methods on the yields, physicochem. properties, antioxidant activities and antiproliferative abilities of polysaccharides from Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) were investigated and compared. Three extraction methods were applied to extract Noni polysaccharides (NP), which include hot water extraction (HWE), pulsed elec. field-assisted extraction (PEFAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The extraction yields, sugar contents, uronic acid contents, mol. weights, monosaccharide proportions, antioxidant activities and antiproliferative abilities of three NP samples were significantly different. However, their preliminary structural characteristics and monosaccharide types were similar. More specifically, UAE-NP had the highest extraction yield, the smallest mol. weight and the best antioxidant activities. Especially, UAE-NP showed excellent antiproliferative abilities. Compared with HWE-NP and PEFAE-NP, the IC50 value of UAE-NP on HepG2 cells reduced by 45.45% and 33.14%, resp. The highest antioxidant activities of the UAE-NP might be attributed to its smaller mol. weight, lower Gal content and higher Fuc content. The strongest antiproliferative effects of the UAE-NP might be related to the low mol. weight Overall, UAE could be a potential technique for the extraction of high-quality NP due to its high yield, high efficiency and notable bioactivities.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Antioxidants. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts