Author: tianli

Transport and delivery of interferon-a through epithelial tight junctions via pH-responsive poly(methacrylic acid-grafted-ethylene glycol) nanoparticles was written by Caldorera-Moore, Mary;Vela Ramirez, Julia E.;Peppas, Nicholas A.. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Targeting in 2019.Recommanded Product: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) This article mentions the following:

Whereas significant advancements have been made in our fundamental understanding of cancer, they have not yet translated into effective clin. cancer treatments. One of the areas that has the potential to improve the efficacy of cancer therapies is the development of novel drug delivery technologies. In particular, the design of pH-sensitive polymeric complexation hydrogels may allow for targeted oral delivery of a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs and proteins. In this work, poly(methacrylic acid-grafted-ethylene glycol) hydrogel nanoparticles were synthesized, characterised, and studied as matrix-type, diffusion-controlled, pH-responsive carriers to enable the oral delivery of the chemotherapeutic agent interferon alpha (IFN-a). The biophys. mechanisms controlling the transport of IFN-a were investigated using a Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-culture as a gastrointestinal (GI) tract model. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited pH-responsive swelling behavior and allowed the permeation of IFN-a through the tight junctions of the developed cellular GI epithelium model. These studies demonstrate the capabilities of these particles to contribute to the improved oral delivery of protein chemotherapeutics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Recommanded Product: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ether-tethered Ru(II)/TsDPEN complexes; synthesis and applications to asymmetric transfer hydrogenation was written by Parekh, Vimal;Ramsden, James A.;Wills, Martin. And the article was included in Catalysis Science & Technology in 2012.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO This article mentions the following:

A new type of Ru(II)/TsDPEN catalyst containing an ether-based linking tether has been prepared and shown to exhibit excellent activity in asym. transfer hydrogenation reactions of ketones. Related complexes containing a hydroxyl-terminated alkyl chain have also been prepared and tested as asym. catalysts. In some cases the activity of the new catalyst type complements that of the closely related alkyl-chain tethered complexes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9Computed Properties of C8H9ClO).

(R)-1-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 120121-01-9) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Computed Properties of C8H9ClO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Trans-Diborylation of Alkynes: Pseudo-Intramolecular Strategy Utilizing a Propargylic Alcohol Unit was written by Nagashima, Yuki;Hirano, Keiichi;Takita, Ryo;Uchiyama, Masanobu. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2014.Quality Control of 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine This article mentions the following:

Authors present the first trans-selective diborylation reaction of alkynes. By theor. calculation-assisted reaction anal., authors designed a pseudo-intramol. reaction of diboron, propargyl alc., and a base to facilitate B-B bond activation and C-B bond formation with high efficiency. This approach provides synthetically versatile and densely functionalized 4-borylated 1,2-oxaborol-2(5H)-oles (vinyldiboronates) in a straightforward manner. Detailed computational anal. showed that the directing alkoxide functionality markedly lowers the activation energy of B-C bond formation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6Quality Control of 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Quality Control of 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Complete genome sequencing and strain characterization of a novel marine Bacillus velezensis FTL7 with a potential broad inhibitory spectrum against foodborne pathogens was written by Johny, Lidiya C.;Suresh, P. V.. And the article was included in World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology in 2022.Product Details of 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

Bacillus velezensis FTL7 which exhibited potent antimicrobial peptide producing capacity was isolated from a marine sediment sample of the West Coast region, South India, and characterized through exptl. and genomic anal. approaches. FTL7 showed potential antimicrobial activity against a broad range of foodborne pathogenic bacteria like Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Salmonella Typhimurium (MTCC 1251), Staphylococcusaureus (ATCC 25923), and Escherichiacoli (MTCC 443). It also exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Kocuriarhyzophila (ATCC 934) and Bacillussubtilis subsp. spizizenii (ATCC 6633). Phylogenetic anal. by 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that Bacillusvelezensis FTL7 was closely related to B.velezensis LBUM288 (GenBank accession number MG461457) with 100% identity. Whole-genome sequencing of the strain FTL7 was carried out using Illumina sequencing technol. to get a better insight into the mechanisms of controlling pathogens by FTL7. The strain FTL7 has a chromosome size of 3849,077 bp with a GC content of 46.56%. The genome consists of 3635 coding sequences, 64 RNA, 59 tRNAs, 5 ncRNAs, and 69 pseudogenes. The presence of genes responsible for the synthesis of non-ribosomal peptides and bacteriocins was identified through genome annotation. Thus, many Bacillus strains, including B. velezensis, have been demonstrated as excellent producers of antimicrobial substances. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6Product Details of 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Palladium-catalyzed allylic etherification of phenols with vinyl ethylene carbonate was written by Lin, Shibo;Zhao, Xiaotian;He, Lihui;Li, Xuanhao;Jiang, Qian;Xiang, Lan;Ye, Yongqin;Gan, Xiaohong. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol This article mentions the following:

The palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative reactions of phenols and vinyl ethylene carbonate to produce allylic aryl ethers under mild conditions have been established. Adopting an inexpensive PdCl2(dppf) catalyst promotes the efficient conversion of phenols to the corresponding allylic aryl ethers via the formation of a new C-O bond in good isolated yields with complete regioselectivities, acceptable functional group tolerance and operational simplicity. The robust procedure could be completed smoothly by conducting a scaled-up reaction with comparable efficiency to afford the target product. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2Application In Synthesis of Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol).

Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol (cas: 69393-72-2) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of Benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Borylative Ring Opening of Diazabicycles was written by Lee, Hyesu;Han, Jung Tae;Yun, Jaesook. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2016.COA of Formula: C16H20B2N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Highly enantioselective, copper-catalyzed ring opening of bicyclic hydrazines using a diboron reagent was accomplished with (R,R)-taniaphos as a chiral ligand. Desymmetrization of various bicyclic hydrazines by boryl substitution afforded 3-Bpin-4-hydrazino-cyclopentene derivatives with enantioselectivity up to >99% under mild conditions. The resulting allylic boron products were utilized in further organic transformations. Kinetic resolution of a racemic bicyclic oxazine gave useful information about the relative rates of C-O and C-N bond cleavage. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6COA of Formula: C16H20B2N2O2).

2-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,3,2]diazaborinine (cas: 1214264-88-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C16H20B2N2O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dietary Euterpe oleracea Mart. attenuates seizures and damage to lipids in the brain of Colossoma macropomum was written by da Silva, Thamyres V. N.;Torres, Marcelo F.;Sampaio, Luis A.;Hamoy, Moises;Monserrat, Jose M.;Barbas, Luis Andre L.. And the article was included in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry in 2021.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

The Amazonian acai fruit (Euterpe oleracea) has shown promising anticonvulsant properties, comparable to those of diazepam (BDZ) in in vivo models submitted to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). PTZ is a classic convulsant agent used in studies for the purpose of screening anticonvulsants and investigating the mechanisms of epilepsy. Herein, we aimed to determine, for the first time, the effect of dietary administration of lyophilized E. oleracea (LEO) on PTZ-induced seizures, using juvenile Colossoma macropomum fish (9.1 ±1.5 g) as a model. A control diet (0.00% LEO) and two levels of LEO inclusion were established: 5.00% and 10.0% LEO (weight/weight). Fish were divided into five groups (n = 5): control (0.9% physiol. solution; i.p.), PTZ (PTZ 150 mg kg-1; i.p.), PTZ LEO 5.00%, PTZ LEO 10.0%, and BDZ-PTZ (BDZ: diazepam 10 mg kg-1; i.p.). In addition to the electroencephalog. (EEG), the lipid peroxidation (TBARS) was quantified in the brain, along with the characterization of behavioral responses. Fish receiving PTZ showed intense action potential bursts (APB), which overlapped with a hyperactive behavior. In PTZ LEO 5.00% and 10.0% groups, convulsive behavior was significantly reduced compared to the PTZ group. Fish fed 5.00% or 10.0% LEO and exposed to PTZ showed less excitability and lower mean amplitude in tracings. The inclusion of 10.0% LEO in the diet prevented the increase in mean amplitude of the EEG waves by 80%, without significant differences to the quantified mean amplitude of the BDZ-PTZ group. TBARS concentration was reduced by 60% in the brain of fish fed 10.0% LEO-enriched diets relative to the PTZ-administered group. The results of this study demonstrated the anticonvulsant and protective roles of LEO to the brain, and the dietary inclusion of LEO seems to be promising for the formulation of functional diets. Results of this study may boost the interest on the anti-seizurogenic properties of Euterpe oleracea, including the development of new approaches for the prevention of seizures in humans and animals with low epileptic threshold. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Recommanded Product: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii causing mass mortalities of Odontobutis potamophila and its induced host immune response was written by Liu, Guoxing;Li, Jie;Jiang, Ziyan;Zhu, Xinhai;Gao, Xiaojian;Jiang, Qun;Wang, Jun;Wei, Wanhong;Zhang, Xiaojun. And the article was included in Fish & Shellfish Immunology in 2022.COA of Formula: C4H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Aeromonas veronii is a freshwater bacterium associated with many diseases in aquatic animals. However, few cases of A. veronii infection were reported in Odontobutis potamophila, which has been becoming a promising fish species in China in recent years. In this study, the dominant bacteria were isolated from diseased O. potamophila showing signs of hemorrhage on fins, ulceration on the dorsal and abdomen. The representative isolate Stl3-1was identified as A. veronii based on anal. of its morphol., physiol., and biochem. features, as well as 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences. The median lethal dosage (LD₅₀) of the isolate Stl3-1 for O. potamophila was determined as 4.5 x 10⁵ CFU/mL. Histopathol. anal. revealed that the isolate Stl3-1caused considerable histol. lesions in the fish, including tissue cell degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltrating. Detection of virulence-related genes showed that A. veronii Stl3-1 was pos. for exu, ompA, lip, flaH, hlyA, aer, flgM, tapA, act, flgA, gcaT and flgN. Addnl., quantitive real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was also undertaken to analyzes the host defensive response in O. potamophila infected by A. veronii. The immune-related gene expressions in O. potamophila during exptl. infection were monitored at different point of time, and the results showed that the expression levels of MHC II, Myd88, TLR, and SOD were significantly up-regulated in liver, gill, spleen, and head kidney. The results revealed that A. veronii was a pathogen causing mass mortalities of O. potamophila and will contribute to better understanding the host defensive response against A. veronii infection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6COA of Formula: C4H10O4).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.COA of Formula: C4H10O4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Heterogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of aromatic ketones enhanced by silanols on highly monodispersed silica spheres was written by Li, Chun;Zhang, Lin;Liu, Hailong;Zheng, Xueli;Fu, Haiyan;Chen, Hua;Li, Ruixiang. And the article was included in Catalysis Communications in 2014.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

A triphenylphosphine-stabilized Ir/SiO₂ catalyst modified by a chiral diamine was synthesized with four silica spheres as support for the asym. hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. The H-bond between substrate and silanols and the interaction between substrate and modifier commonly affected the steric configuration of asym. hydrogenation of aromatic ketones. With the silanols increasing, the activity of asym. hydrogenation significantly increased. This is the first report of heterogeneous asym. hydrogenation of aromatic ketones enhanced by silanols on highly monodispersed silica spheres with > 99.9% ee and > 99% conversion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification of chemicals leaching from dental resin-based materials after in vitro chemical and salivary degradation was written by Vervliet, Philippe;De Nys, Siemon;Duca, Radu Corneliu;Boonen, Imke;Godderis, Lode;Elskens, Marc;Van Landuyt, Kirsten L.;Covaci, Adrian. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) This article mentions the following:

Only little is known about degradation of methacrylate monomers. Therefore, using in vitro chem. and saliva degradation this study aimed to identify the degradation products of organic compounds present in resin-based dental materials. Ten dental monomers and nine polymerized dental resin-based materials were immersed for 24 h in chem. media (0.1 M HCl, 0.1 M NaOH) and human pooled saliva in order to identify leached monomers and degradation products from chem. and saliva degradation Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatog. coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify previously unknown degradation products. During in vitro chem. degradation, uncured monomers were rapidly hydrolyzed into mono- and demethacrylated degradation products. During chem. degradation in alk. conditions of polymerized materials, considered the worst-case scenario, only degradation products could be detected. In acidic conditions, monomers and their degradation products were detected. In addition, different additives such as EDMAB, DMPA and HMBP were present in acidic degradation samples. Degradation in human pooled saliva for 24 h to mimic the in vivo situation, resulted in the identification of both monomers and their degradation products. Using state-of-the-art high-resolution mass spectrometry previously unknown degradation products of commonly used monomers were identified for the first time. Patients may be exposed to monomers and their degradation products in the first 24 h after restorative procedures. The results provide a base for further research on the degradation of resin-based dental composites in order to assess their safety using elution and toxicity studies. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts