Author: tianli

Chemistry is an experimental science, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the best way to enjoy it and learn about it is performing experiments.Introducing a new discovery about 928-51-8, Name is 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, molecular formula is C4H9ClO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Gren, Jakub.

Drinking and alcohol-related problems among at-risk adolescents: The role of protective behavioral strategies

Introduction: Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) are an alcohol-specific cognitive-behavioral strategies that may be employed before, during and/or after drinking, in order to reduce alcohol consumption and related consequences, particularly in the at-risk populations. Previous research on PBS was limited to North American college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of PBS use in a sample of Polish adolescents attending Special Educational Centers (SEC). Method: Data were collected from a nationwide sample of 12-19 year-old (Mean = 15.8; SD = 1.22) students attending SEC in Poland (N = 1585; about 33% female). The self-administered anonymous questionnaires were completed on-site in the SEC. PBS were measured by the authors adaptation of the PBSS-20. Alcohol-related problems were assessed by the Polish adaptation of the measures used in the MINI-KID tool. Alcohol use was measured by a single question on drinking frequency. These two latter variables were measured in the past year timeframe. Hierarchical regression models were used to test the main and interaction effects of employing PBS (total and subscales scores) on alcohol-related problems, after adjusting for demographics (gender, family composition and type of SEC) and alcohol use. Results: The majority (about 94%) of study participants reported employment of some PBS. Regression analyses indicated that PBS use was associated with reduced risk of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. We found that PBS significantly moderated the relationship between alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, for PBS total scale (F-change (1,1555) = 15.96, p < .001) and one of the PBS subscale: Limiting/Stopping Drinking (F-change (1,1555) = 4.80, p < .029). Findings were discussed within the results of PBS literature and resilience theory framework. Conclusion: The use of PBS helps to reduce alcohol-related problems among adolescents attending SEC. Implementation of tailored interventions that teach PBS among vulnerable adolescents may be an effective way to strengthen adolescent self-protection, reduce risky alcohol use and related negative consequences. Sometimes chemists are able to propose two or more mechanisms that are consistent with the available data. If a proposed mechanism predicts the wrong experimental rate law, however, the mechanism must be incorrect.Welcome to check out more blogs about 928-51-8, in my other articles. Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Reference of 4461-39-6, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 4461-39-6, Name is N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1,3-propanediamine, SMILES is NCCCNCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Gainey, Brian, introduce new discover of the category.

Autoignition characterization of methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol over a wide range of operating conditions in LTC/HCCI

In this work, the autoignition properties of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, and sec-butanol are studied in HCCI and compared. Experiments were performed, characterizing the sensitivity of these fuels to equivalence ratio, intake temperature, residual fraction, intake pressure, and engine speed. Under all of the low boost pressure operating conditions considered (1.15 bar), the order of reactivity of each fuel from low to high is: isopropanol, sec-butanol, ethanol approximate to n-propanol approximate to isobutanol, methanol, n-butanol. n-butanol was less sensitive to changes in intake temperature than the other six fuels at low boost conditions. The required intake temperature to maintain a constant combustion phasing decreased significantly for n-butanol with intake pressure due to emergent intermediate temperature heat release (ITHR). At an intake pressure of 1.95 bar, secbutanol showed some amount of ITHR which decreased its sensitivity to intake temperature. However, secbutanol still maintained its high autoignition resistance, unlike n-butanol. Isobutanol did not show any ITHR at this intake temperature, though did show a decrease in intake temperature sensitivity. With the exception of n-butanol, the behavior and sensitivity of each alcohol fuel to the wide array of operating conditions considered were similar, with small differences in autoignition resistance. This means that these six fuels could potentially be blended and used interchangeably with little change to their autoignition characteristics.

Reference of 4461-39-6, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 4461-39-6.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Reference of 627-18-9, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 627-18-9, Name is 3-Bromopropan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCBr, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Zhao, Shujun, introduce new discover of the category.

3D nanoflower-like layered double hydroxide modified quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite anion conductive membranes for fuel cells

To solve the trade-off problem among ionic conductivity, mechanical and chemical stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), quaternized chitosan (QCS) was first prepared and then was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve mechanical strength of QCS. Afterwards, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical flower-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared via one-pot ethylene glycol-assisted solvothermal method, and then were incorporated into QCS/PVA blend matrix to fabricate composite AEMs. By constructing 3D hierarchical structure, the active sites of LDH nanosheets are fully exposed, thus impressive ion conductivity, alkali and fuel resistant ability of LDH nanosheets can be rationally utilized. The composite membrane displayed the maximum OH- conductivity of 25.7 mS cm(-1), which was 48.6 % higher than that of the pristine membrane. Alkaline stability measurement proved that the composite membranes kept residual ionic conductivity of as high as 92 % after immersion in a 2 M KOH for 100 h. Due to the decreased methanol permeability and increased conductivity, the composite membrane with 6% LDHs content exhibited a peak power density of 73 mW cm(-2) at 60 degrees C, whereas the pristine membrane demonstrated only 40 mW cm(-2).

Reference of 627-18-9, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 627-18-9.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Chemistry is the science of change. But why do chemical reactions take place? Why do chemicals react with each other? The answer is in thermodynamics and kinetics, 3068-00-6, Name is 1,2,4-Butanetriol, SMILES is OCC(O)CCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Suksiripattanapong, Cherdsak, introduce the new discover, Product Details of 3068-00-6.

Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohol and high calcium fly ash based geopolymer for the improvement of soft Bangkok clay

Soft Bangkok clay (SC) is recognized as a problematic soil in Thailand. This research investigates the possibility of using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and high calcium fly ash (FA) geopolymers to improve the strength of SC in deep soil mixing applications. The liquid alkaline activator (L) was composed of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The studied influence factors included FA content, water content, L content, Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio, PVA concentration, PVA content, and curing time. Strength development and microstructure in the PVA-FA geopolymer stabilized SC were evaluated via the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test. The optimum ingredient considering workability and cost of FA geopolymer stabilized SC was found to be at a mix design of LOLL, Na2SiO3/NaOH = 1, FA = 40% and L/FA = 0.6, whereby a 28-day UCS of 1026 kPa was attained. The optimum PVA content and PVA concentrations were found at 15% and 4%. The 7-day and 28-day UCS values were improved by PVA up to 40% and 42% compared to those of the specimen without PVA, respectively. The outcome of this research will promote the usage of PVA-FA geopolymer as an alternative green soil stabilizer alternative to Portland cement for a DM improved soft Bangkok clay.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 3068-00-6 is helpful to your research. Product Details of 3068-00-6.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Reference of 104-38-1, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 104-38-1, Name is 1,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene, SMILES is OCCOC1=CC=C(OCCO)C=C1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Zhang, Xiaodong, introduce new discover of the category.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene and liquidus tetracycline by anatase/rutile titanium dioxide with heterophase junction derived from materials of Institut Lavoisier-125(Ti): Degradation pathway and mechanism studies

Anatase/rutile titanium dioxide (TiO2) with heterophase junction and large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area (50.1 m(2) g(1)) is successfully synthesized by calcinating Materials of Institut Lavoisier-125(Ti) (MIL-125(Ti)) with 30% O-2/Ar at the temperature of 600 degrees C (M-O-600). Several techniques are used to examine the physicochemical, photoelectrochemical and optical properties of samples, and their photocatalytic performances are evaluated by photodegradation of gaseous toluene and liquidus tetracycline (TC) under visible light illumination. It is found that the calcination temperature has significant influence on the crystal structure and physicochemical parameters of TiO2. The weight fractions of rutile and anatase TiO2 of M-600 are approximately 0.7 and 0.3, which displays outstanding photocatalytic activity. Through the construction of heterophase junction, M-O-600 has better oxygen adsorption and higher density of localized states, which effectively promotes the generation of superoxide radical (center dot O-2(-)) and hydroxyl radical (center dot OH) species. In-situ infrared spectra indicate that toluene is oxidized to benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde and benzoic acid in turn and then oxidized to formic acid and acetic acid before eventually degraded into H2O and CO2. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is also used to further investigate the degradation pathway of toluene. Degradation pathway and mechanism of TC are studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Moreover, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D EEMs) and total organic carbon (TOC) show that TC can be effectively mineralized through a series of reactions by M-O-600 during photocatalysis. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reference of 104-38-1, Because enzymes can increase reaction rates by enormous factors and tend to be very specific, typically producing only a single product in quantitative yield, they are the focus of active research.you can also check out more blogs about 104-38-1.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Electric Literature of 2807-30-9, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 2807-30-9, Name is 2-Propoxyethanol, SMILES is CCCOCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Lewis, Ben, introduce new discover of the category.

The impact of emotional face stimuli on working memory performance among men and women with alcohol use disorder

Background: Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) often display compromise in emotional processing and non-affective neurocognitive functions. However, relatively little empirical work explores their intersection. In this study, we examined working memory performance when attending to and ignoring facial stimuli among adults with and without AUD. We anticipated poorer performance in the AUD group, particularly when task demands involved ignoring facial stimuli. Whether this relationship was moderated by facial emotion or participant sex were explored as empirical questions. Methods: Fifty-six controls (30 women) and 56 treatment-seekers with AUD (14 women) completed task conditions in which performance was advantaged by either attending to or ignoring facial stimuli, including happy, neutral, or fearful faces. Group, sex, and their interaction were independent factors in all models. Efficiency (accuracy/response time) was the primary outcome of interest. Results: An interaction between group and condition (F-1,F-107 = 6.03, p < .02) was detected. Individual comparisons suggested this interaction was driven by AUD-associated performance deficits when ignoring faces, whereas performance was equivalent between groups when faces were attended. Secondary analyses suggested little influence of specific facial emotions on these effects. Conclusions: These data provide partial support for initial hypotheses, with the AUD group demonstrating poorer working memory performance conditioned on the inability to ignore irrelevant emotional face stimuli. The absence of group differences when scenes were to be ignored (faces remembered) suggests the AUD-associated inability to ignore irrelevance is influenced by specific stimulus qualities. Electric Literature of 2807-30-9, One of the oldest and most widely used commercial enzyme inhibitors is aspirin, which selectively inhibits one of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of molecules that trigger inflammation. you can also check out more blogs about 2807-30-9.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 623-50-7, Name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, molecular formula is C4H8O3, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Russo, Vincenzo, once mentioned the new application about 623-50-7, Recommanded Product: 623-50-7.

Investigation of the intrinsic reaction kinetics and the mass transfer phenomena of nonanoic acid esterification with 2-ethylhexanol promoted by sulfuric acid or Amberlite IR120

Nonanoic acid is obtained as main coproduct in the synthesis of azelaic acid from oleic acid. The increase of azelaic acid production, being a monomer useful to synthesize biodegradable polyesters, lead to a high availability of nonanoic acid, that can be used as feedstock in esterification reactions to obtain lubricants and solvents. In this work, the esterification of nonanoic acid with 2-ethylhexanol to produce a solvent were conducted in a batch reactor in the presence of either a homogeneous (H2SO4) or an heterogenous catalyst (Amberlite IR120). The intrinsic reaction kinetics was investigated by considering all the physical and chemical phenomena occurring in the reaction network, leading to the determination of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. The activation energy values of both catalysts are similar (approximate to 60 kJ/mol) and the enthalpy value of Delta H-r = 10.3 kJ/mol showed that the reaction is slightly endothermic. The reaction is shifted to the products as demonstrated by the reference equilibrium constant equal to 1.69 at 333 K. The obtained results will be useful to design industrial reactors.

We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 623-50-7. The above is the message from the blog manager. Recommanded Product: 623-50-7.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 111-41-1, Name is N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, molecular formula is C4H12N2O, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Ding, Lei, introduce the new discover, Formula: C4H12N2O.

Self-healing and acidochromic polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel reinforced by regenerated cellulose

Recently, integration of self-healing, color-tunable, sol-gel converted properties into hydrogel has attracted interest for preparing a reinforced multifunctional hydrogel. Herein, acidochromic regenerated cellulose (ARC) was incorporated into the polyvinyl alcohol/borax (PB) matrix for constructing a tough, self-healing, multicolor and sol-gel converted smart hydrogel (PB/ARC). The mechanical properties of PB/ARC hydrogel were improved after introducing ARC, which could bear a weight of 200 g and had high maximum tensile strength (6.8 times) and compressive strength (2.3 times). PB/ARC hydrogel automatically fused within 15 s after being cut and quickly recovered to the original state after being subjected to high shear strain, showing excellent self-healing ability. The color of hydrogel could be tuned between yellow and purple by altering pH values (5-12). In addition, PB/ARC hydrogel exhibited reversible sol-gel conversion in response to the change of acidity and alkalinity. This study offers a new and facile strategy for developing multifunctional smart hydrogel.

Balanced chemical reaction does not necessarily reveal either the individual elementary reactions by which a reaction occurs or its rate law. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 111-41-1. Formula: C4H12N2O.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Electric Literature of 1777-82-8, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 1777-82-8, Name is (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol, SMILES is OCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Tu, Ren, introduce new discover of the category.

Selective production of furfural and phenols from rice husk: the influence of synergetic pretreatments with different order

The subject of this study was to upgrade the pyrolysis bio-oil by torrefaction combined with different order of acid washing. The pyrolysis behavior of biochar obtained from different pretreatments were investigated by a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and fixed furnace. Moreover, the composition of biooil was systematically analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that torrefaction promoted the aggregation of phenols in bio-oil through removing the hemicellulose and part of cellulose. In addition, aldehydes had increased significantly after acid washing. The acid washing combined with torrefaction could reduce the formation of acids, alcohols and other organic substances except for phenols, aldehydes and ketones. Compared with the pyrolysis bio-oil obtained by directly torrefaction pretreatment, the absolute content of phenols in the pyrolysis bio-oil was slightly reduced from 74 mg/gRH to 63 mg/gRH after first inorganic acid washing and then torrefaction, while the absolute content of furfural increased from 2.8 mg/gRH to 16 mg/gRH. The mechanism showed that the furfural was selected by the catalysis of acid and the torrefaction promoted the cellulose to convert to 1-hydroxy-2-propanone by cracking reaction. This study provided a simple and practical method for the selective production of furfural and phenol from rice husk. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electric Literature of 1777-82-8, The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 1777-82-8 is helpful to your research.

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Alcohol – Wikipedia,
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Synthetic Route of 2854-16-2, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C¨CH bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 2854-16-2, Name is 1-Amino-2-methylpropan-2-ol, SMILES is CC(O)(C)CN, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Streck, Joanna M., introduce new discover of the category.

Examining the effects of problematic alcohol use on cigarette abstinence in recently diagnosed cancer patients enrolled in a cessation trial: A secondary analysis

Aims: Among people with cancer, dual alcohol and tobacco use increases risk for morbidity and mortality. Most smoking cessation clinical trials with this patient population have excluded individuals with problematic alcohol use. This investigation examined whether problematic alcohol use affects smoking cessation in cancer patients. Methods: Mixed-methods secondary analysis of data from the Smokefree Support Study, a randomized-controlled trial examining the efficacy of Intensive (IT; n = 153) vs. Standard Treatment (ST; n = 150) for smoking cessation in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Problematic alcohol use was assessed at enrollment using the Cut-Down Annoyed-Guilty-Eye-Opener (CAGE), weekly frequency of alcohol use and binge drinking measures. Alcohol use was categorized as: no current alcohol use, moderate and problematic use. The primary outcome was biochemically-confirmed cigarette abstinence at 6-months. A subset of patients (n = 72) completed qualitative exit-interviews. Results: Among all participants, biochemically-confirmed cigarette abstinence rates were 25% (n = 32), 28% (n = 27), and 36% (n = 20) for participants reporting no current alcohol use, moderate use, and problematic use, respectively (p = 0.33). In logistic regression analysis, neither problematic alcohol use (AOR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.35-2.67, p = .94) nor the problematic use by study arm interaction (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 0.59-8.39, p = .24) were associated with biochemically-confirmed 6-month abstinence. Qualitatively, participants reported that drinking alcohol triggers urges to smoke. Conclusion: Newly diagnosed cancer patients reporting problematic alcohol use were not less likely to quit smoking than those without. Additional research is needed to investigate whether problematic alcohol users may benefit from smoking and alcohol behavior change interventions at the time of cancer diagnosis.

Synthetic Route of 2854-16-2, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 2854-16-2 is helpful to your research.

Reference:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
,Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts