Author: tianli

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 1777-82-8, Name is (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol, SMILES is OCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl, in an article , author is Fuentealba, Claudia, once mentioned of 1777-82-8, SDS of cas: 1777-82-8.

Cell wall and metabolite composition of sweet cherry fruits from two cultivars with contrasting susceptibility to surface pitting during storage

Surface pitting is a serious postharvest physiological disorder in sweet cherries that is observed as skin depressions developed days after bruising. This work aims to compare two cultivars displaying different pitting susceptibilities (‘Kordia’: relatively resistant; ‘Sweetheart’: relatively susceptible) using metabolomics profiling and cell wall sugar characterization at different developmental stages and during postharvest storage. Kordia was significantly firmer than Sweetheart, with 1.4-fold more alcohol-insoluble residues (AIRs). A significant correlation was observed between AIRs and deformation, indicating that the highest yields of cell wall material are positively correlated with the resistance to rupture. Additionally, free D-galacturonic acid was higher in pitted Sweetheart samples, likely indicating greater pectin degradation in this susceptible cultivar. Higher contents of the p-coumaric acid derivatives L-5-oxoproline and D-galactose in Sweetheart cherries were found. The metabolic changes during storage and cell wall composition could influence the susceptibility to surface pitting.

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Related Products of 108-82-7, The transformation of simple hydrocarbons into more complex and valuable products via catalytic C–H bond functionalisation has revolutionised modern synthetic chemistry. 108-82-7, Name is 2,6-Dimethylheptan-4-ol, SMILES is CC(C)CC(O)CC(C)C, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Cheng, Chu, introduce new discover of the category.

Fabrication and electrochemical property of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and (ZrO2)(0.92)(Y2O3)(0.08) interface for trace alcohols sensor

A mixed potential type alcohols gas sensor based on an yttrium stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and an La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) sensing electrode was fabricated. The influences of YSZ-LSM interface on sensing performance were studied by multiple methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor with 1150 degrees C-sintered interface showed an ultralow detection limit of 50 ppb alcohols (methanol and ethanol) at 500 degrees C in air. The response voltage was independent of water, CO, CO2 and NOx. The sensor exhibited a reasonable selectivity towards alcohols under the existence of several kinds of volatile organic compounds. Meanwhile, the sensor showed a good repeatability and a suitable long-term stability. Based on the polarization curves and EIS results, a mixed potential mechanism was proposed. These results demonstrate the promising potential of using the LSM-based sensor for human exhale test.

Related Products of 108-82-7, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 108-82-7.

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Reference of 616-29-5, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 616-29-5, Name is 1,3-Diaminopropan-2-ol, SMILES is C(C(CN)O)N, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Wu, Junji, introduce new discover of the category.

Photochemical degradation of fragrance ingredient benzyl formate in water: Mechanism and toxicity assessment

Recently, fragrance ingredients have attracted increasing attention due to their imperceptible risks accompanying the comfortable feeling. To understand transformation mechanisms and toxicity evolution of benzyl formate (BF) in environment, its photochemical degradation in water was thoroughly studied herein. Results showed that 83.5% BF was degraded under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 30 min. Laser flash photolysis and quenching experiments demonstrated that triplet excited state ((BF)-B-3*), O-2(center dot-), and O-1(2) were three main reactive species found during BF photodegradation. Eight degradation intermediates, including benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, o-cresol, bibenzyl, benzyl ether, 1,2-diphenylethanol, benzoic acid, and benzylhemiformal, were mainly formed as identified by LC-Q-TOF/MS and GC-MS analyses. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism was explained as the bond cleavage of (BF)-B-3* and BF center dot+, O-2(center dot-)/O-1(2) oxidation, e(aq)(-) reduction, and (OH)-O-center dot addition reactions. Aquatic assessment suggests that except benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and benzylhemiformal, all the products were persistent and could result in increased aquatic toxicity compared to original BF. Consequently, these degradation products may cause more toxicity to organisms if they remain accumulated in water environment for a long time.

Reference of 616-29-5, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. I hope my blog about 616-29-5 is helpful to your research.

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Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, SDS of cas: 148043-73-6, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.148043-73-6, Name is 4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentan-1-ol, SMILES is OCCCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Paulus, Daniel J., introduce the new discover.

Difficulties regulating positive and negative emotions in relation to coping motives for alcohol use and alcohol problems among hazardous drinkers

Objective: Hazardous drinking is a prevalent form of alcohol misuse. Past research has examined emotion regulation difficulties as a risk factor for hazardous drinking; however, the majority of prior studies have focused on regulation of negative emotions. Recent work has implicated difficulties regulating positive emotions in relation to alcohol misuse, yet, it is largely unknown if difficulties regulating positive emotions are significantly related to alcohol misuse outcomes after accounting for difficulties regulating negative emotions. Method: A racially diverse sample of hazardous drinkers were recruited from a university setting (75% female, M-age = 22.1, SDage = 4.0) to participate in a treatment study. Data from baseline was used in the current study. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate relations between difficulties regulating positive and negative emotions and alcohol problems both directly and indirectly via coping motives. Results: After controlling for sex, age, and levels of negative and positive affect, positive but not negative emotion regulation difficulties were significantly associated with alcohol problems. Difficulties regulating emotions (both positive and negative), were significantly related to coping motives; each valence of difficulty was also indirectly related to alcohol problems via drinking to cope. Conclusions: Difficulties regulating emotions – both positive and negative – carry a heightened risk of engaging in coping-oriented alcohol use during drinking episodes and this maladaptive means of self regulation may explain a common pathway to experiencing alcohol-related problems. Notably, difficulties regulating positive emotions appear to offer incremental, explanatory value over and above difficulties regulating negative emotions. Such findings offer important clinical and theoretical implications.

Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 148043-73-6. SDS of cas: 148043-73-6.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 42822-86-6, Name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, molecular formula is C10H20O2. In an article, author is Khannanov, Artur,once mentioned of 42822-86-6, Quality Control of 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol.

Pristine graphite oxide retains its C-axis registry in methanol. The way to alternative purification method

In this work, we demonstrate that pristine graphite oxide (PGO), formed by the oxidation of graphite by the modified Hummers’ method, when still in synthetic mixture, can be re-intercalated by methanol, while keeping its c-axis registry. The as-formed structure contains two molecular layers of methanol, sandwiched between the neighboring graphene oxide (GO) sheets. The typical water-washed and dried GO intercalates only by one molecular layer of methanol. This finding suggests the route for preparing alcohol-intercalated GO straight from PGO, while bypassing water-purification, drying, and intercalating steps. The methanol-purified GO has significantly higher content of organic sulfates, compared to the typical water-purified sample. We stress one more time that the 1620 cm(-1) and 1223 cm(-1) absorption bands in the FTIR spectra of GO are originated by water molecules, and organic sulfates, respectively. The GO purification with methanol has some advantages over the currently used water-purification, and might become an attractive alternative to the latter. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Safety of 1,10-Decanediol, 112-47-0, Name is 1,10-Decanediol, molecular formula is C10H22O2, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Kanari, Moriyasu, introduce the new discover.

Nanoindentation determination for mechanical properties of submillimeter boron carbide particles simulating fuel debris fragments

It is essential to characterize fuel debris fragments that are to be retrieved from reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi power station prior to their large-scale retrieval. Using nanoindentation (NI) test, we have determined the mechanical properties of boron carbide (B4C) particles currently used to simulate hard covalent materials as included in the debris. We also examined the measurable minimum size among the particles sized to three types and found suitable sample preparation methods. While the minimum size was limited to 1000 m among the particles fixed with grease in molding process, it was brought down to 500 m by alternative polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films. Indentation moduli of these successfully measured B4C particles are consistent with a referential value of 431 GPa with a difference of 3.5%. Furthermore, the hardness values of the particles are slightly lower than a referential value of 21.8 GPa within uncertainty of 9%. The particle surfaces were polished enough with only the roughest #240 abrasive papers, and surface flatness was a key issue for the successful indentation but not surface roughness. As a result of the detachment caused during polishing, both 500 m particles and 100 m particles fixed with the grease were insufficiently flattened, and then the indenter was slipped on the inclined surfaces during the NI tests. The values of modulus and hardness are at the minimum for the 100 m particles at decreasing rates of 46% and 42% to the referential values. The thin uniform PVA films reduced the projection amount of the 500 m particles from the surrounding resin and prevented the particle detachment during polishing. Residual resin was distinguished from an underlaying B4C particle using the NI tests. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 112-47-0. Safety of 1,10-Decanediol.

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Reference of 702-23-8, Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, 702-23-8, Name is 2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)ethanol, SMILES is COC1=CC=C(CCO)C=C1, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Parida, Soumya, introduce new discover of the category.

Improving heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification reaction for biodiesel production using ultrasound energy and petro-diesel as cosolvent

Heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification process has by far been one of the most popular methods of biodiesel production particularly for the oil feedstock containing large amount of free fatty acid. However, the major constraint of the method is the poor yield of biodiesel and a long reaction time that increased its production cost. With an objective to increase the product yield in lesser time, the current work investigated the effect of addition of ultrasound and addition of cosolvent in the heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification reaction. Three commonly used solid catalyst – calcium oxide (CaO), calcined sodium silicate (CSS) and sulfated zirconia (SZ) were chosen for study. The results suggested that there was a remarkable increase in the yield of biodiesel in comparison to the conventional mechanically stirred process. CSS showed the best catalytic activity both in first use and in repeated uses. It gave a maximum yield of 97% biodiesel in 120 minutes with 9:1 molar ratio of alcohol to oil 3 wt.% of catalyst and 10 wt.% of catalyst. For CaO and CSS a noticeable difference in biodiesel yield was observed upon addition of cosolvent. CaO gave 76% yield with cosolvent and 65% without it. SZ gave 73% biodiesel with cosolvent and 61% without. Since petrodiesel was used as the cosolvent it was not required to remove the cosolvent from biodiesel during the purification process.

Reference of 702-23-8, Consequently, the presence of a catalyst will permit a system to reach equilibrium more quickly, but it has no effect on the position of the equilibrium as reflected in the value of its equilibrium constant.I hope my blog about 702-23-8 is helpful to your research.

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Chemistry is the experimental science by definition. We want to make observations to prove hypothesis. For this purpose, we perform experiments in the lab. , Product Details of 156-87-6, 156-87-6, Name is 3-Aminopropan-1-ol, molecular formula is C3H9NO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Qiu, Shuang, introduce the new discover.

Effects of algae subtype and extraction condition on extracted fucoxanthin antioxidant property: A 20-year meta-analysis

Algal fucoxanthin as a carotenoid pigment possesses various health benefits, among which, the antioxidant property is one of the most explored. Current research indicated that algal fucoxanthin is generally extracted from different subtypes (microand macro-algae) under varying extraction conditions. However, it lacks information whether algae subtypes and extraction conditions present a remarkable impact on the antioxidant property of the extracted fucoxanthin. In this study, the effects of algae subtype and extraction condition (i.e., extraction solvents, temperature, time, pressure and illumination condition) on fucoxanthin antioxidant property were investigated by performing a meta-analysis. The subtotal standard mean difference (SMD) of the microalgae and macroalgae subtypes were 12.59 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.63-21.56) and 7.20 (3.44-10.96), respectively, presenting an overlapping range. This suggested that no statistically significant differences existed in the fucoxanthin antioxidant property extracted from two subtypes, which was consistent with the results from the subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Similar observations were found for algal fucoxanthin extracted by alcohols (SMD (CI):7.18 (3.36-11.00)) or alkanes (SMD (CI):11.88 (3.62-20.15)). Moreover, the employed extraction conditions including extraction time (SMD (CI) for >= 60 min vs <60 min: 8.03 (3.55-12.50) and 7.97 (2.49-13.45)), pressure (SMD (CI) for normal vs pressurized: 7.68 (4.00-11.35) and 10.64 (0.21-21.03)), and illumination (SMD (CI) for dark vs normal: 6.91 (2.31-11.50) and 9.45 (4.17-14.73)) showed no statistical influence on fucoxanthin antioxidant property. However, extraction at higher temperature produced stronger fucoxanthin antioxidant property (SMD (CI) for room temperature vs >= 40 degrees C: 31.43 (12.27-50.59) and 7.21 (3.69-10.74)). Additionally, the fucoxanthin antioxidant property exhibited a positive concentration-dependent correlation according to meta-regression analysis. Our findings provide suggestions for fucoxanthin extraction from algae under various conditions and give insights to its application as an antioxidant. As more data become available in the future, data analysis could be updated for more robust comparisons.

A reaction mechanism is the microscopic path by which reactants are transformed into products. Each step is an elementary reaction. In my other articles, you can also check out more blogs about 156-87-6. Product Details of 156-87-6.

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Chemistry, like all the natural sciences, begins with the direct observation of nature— in this case, of matter.1777-82-8, Name is (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol, SMILES is OCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a document, author is Thewes, Fabio Rodrigo, introduce the new discover, HPLC of Formula: C7H6Cl2O.

Ethanol vapor treatment inhibits apple ripening at room temperature even with the presence of ethylene

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two ethanol vapor doses (250 and 500 ppm), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) (0.650 ppm) with or without ethylene application (150 ppm) on the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and quality of ‘Elstar’, a fast ripening apple cultivar, and ‘Nicoter’, a slowly ripening apple cultivar, over 14 d of holding at room temperature (20 +/- 2 degrees C). Fruit were subjected to treatments for 24 h and analyses performed after 0, 7 and 14 d holding at room temperature (20 +/- 2 degrees C). For both cultivars studied, ethanol vapor treatments, especially 500 ppm, inhibited the ripening of apples even when combined with 150 ppm of ethylene, but not as much as 1-MCP treatment in ‘Nicoter’ apples. Fruit treated with ethanol vapor maintained lower electrolyte leakage, higher flesh firmness, greener color and had more healthy fruit. However, its application increased the pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate accumulation, but in concentrations below the odor threshold reported in the literature. The 1-MCP treatment increased decay incidence, reducing the healthy fruit amount in ‘Nicoter’ apples after 14 d, but maintained a very low ethylene production and respiration rate, which allowed higher acidity maintenance after 14 d holding at room temperature. There was no incidence of external and internal physiological disorders in both cultivars.

The proportionality constant is the rate constant for the particular unimolecular reaction. the reaction rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. I hope my blog about 1777-82-8 is helpful to your research. HPLC of Formula: C7H6Cl2O.

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Chemo-enzymatic cascade processes are invaluable due to their ability to rapidly construct high-value products from available feedstock chemicals in a one-pot relay manner. In an article, author is Wang, Jinxing, once mentioned the application of 928-51-8, Name is 4-Chlorobutan-1-ol, molecular formula is C4H9ClO, molecular weight is 108.5667, MDL number is MFCD00002967, category is alcohols-buliding-blocks. Now introduce a scientific discovery about this category, SDS of cas: 928-51-8.

Insight: High intensity and activity carrier granular sludge cultured using polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/iron gel beads

The newly developed carrier granular sludge (CGS) with polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) and PVA/CS/Fe gel beads assistance showed higher intensity and anammox activity than the natural granular sludge (NGS). Through comprehensive investigation, it was found: (1) the gel beads provided a stable framework of cells entangle with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to enhance the sludge intensity. In this framework, beta-polysaccharides are distributed at the edge of CGS as a protection layer, a-polysaccharides and proteins are spread in the whole cross-section as backbones, and Fe2+/Fe3+ in CGS-PVA/CS/Fe act as bridges to link with the negatively charged groups on bacterial surfaces and proteins. (2) The porous gel beads satisfied a relatively unimpeded mass transfer. Thus, the sludge activity, microbe’s metabolism, membrane transportation and environmental adaption in CGS were apparently improved. The results improved the understanding about the advantages of the CGS and indicated their possible application in full-scale anammox processes.

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