Month: February 2023

Expert opinion on existing and developing drugs to treat female sexual dysfunction was written by Miller, Melanie K.;Smith, Joshua R.;Norman, Jacqueline J.;Clayton, Anita H.. And the article was included in Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs in 2018.Formula: C24H23ClO2 This article mentions the following:

Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent, yet commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. This paper reviews the diagnostic terminol. for FSD, and basic sexual physiol. in women. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drugs for FSD are discussed, followed by investigational drugs for FSD currently in phase 2 or 3 clin. trials, reasons for failure of drug development, and potential future drug targets. A literature review was conducted for available treatments for FSD: flibanserin, estrogen, ospemifene and prasterone. Potential treatments are assessed, as was the Pharmaprojects database which includes clin. trial information. Testosterone, bremelanotide, bupropion-trazodone, PDE-5 inhibitors, prostaglandins, tibolone and combination therapies, and the theor. basis of potential drug targets are discussed. The lack of established endpoints for phase 3 studies of FSD has impeded approval of new treatments, and required addnl. studies for validation, resulting in proposed changes to the FDA draft guidance for FSD clin. trials in Oct. 2016. Current DSM-5 diagnostic nosol. also fails to capture the full range of symptomol. Several promising compounds have shown no movement for several years limiting women’s options. Overcoming socio-cultural bias against women’s sexual and reproductive health will be critical in the approval of new treatments for FSD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Formula: C24H23ClO2).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Formula: C24H23ClO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Nonprotein Based Enrichment Method to Analyze Peptide Cross-Linking in Protein Complexes was written by Yan, Funing;Che, Fa-Yun;Rykunov, Dmitry;Nieves, Edward;Fiser, Andras;Weiss, Louis M.;Hogue Angeletti, Ruth. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2009.Computed Properties of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

Crosslinking anal. of protein complexes and structures by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has advantages in speed, sensitivity, specificity, and the capability of handling complicated protein assemblies. However, detection and accurate assignment of the cross-linked peptides are often challenging due to their low abundance and complicated fragmentation behavior in collision-induced dissociation (CID). To simplify the MS anal. and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the cross-linked peptides, the authors developed a novel peptide enrichment strategy that utilizes a cross-linker with a cryptic thiol group and using beads modified with a photocleavable cross-linker. The functional cross-linkers were designed to react with the primary amino groups in proteins. Human serum albumin was used as a model protein to detect intra- and intermol. cross-linkages. Use of this protein-free selective retrieval method eliminates the contamination that can result from avidin-biotin based retrieval systems and simplifies data anal. These features may make the method suitable to investigate protein-protein interactions in biol. samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Computed Properties of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Computed Properties of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantioselective C-H bond functionalization of aromatic ketones with 1,6-enynes via photoredox/cobalt dual catalysis was written by Maji, Kakoli;Thorve, Pradip Ramdas;Rai, Pramod;Maji, Biplab. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2022.Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

An enantioselective ortho-C(sp₂)-H functionalization of ketones/esters, e.g., I (R¹ = Me, Et, Ph, OMe; R² = H, 4-F, 3-MeO, 3,4-benzo, etc.) with 1,6-enynes II [Ar = Ph, X = NTs, O, C(COOMe)₂; Ar = 3-ClC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 3,5-Me₂C₆H₃, etc., X = NTs] is demonstrated via photoredox/cobalt dual catalysis. The method provides the corresponding arylmethylene-substituted carbo- and heterocycles III in high yields with functional group tolerance and selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested the operation of visible-light mediated low-valent cobalt complex generation, intramol. cyclization, ortho-C-H bond insertion, and reductive elimination as the key mechanistic steps. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Traceless Photolabile Linker Expedites the Chemical Synthesis of Complex Oligosaccharides by Automated Glycan Assembly was written by Le Mai Hoang, Kim;Pardo-Vargas, Alonso;Zhu, Yuntao;Yu, Yang;Loria, Mirco;Delbianco, Martina;Seeberger, Peter H.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4 This article mentions the following:

Automated glycan assembly (AGA) aims at accelerating access to synthetic oligosaccharides to meet the demand for defined glycans as tools for mol. glycobiol. The linkers used to connect the growing glycan chain to the solid support play a pivotal role for the synthetic strategy as they determine all chem. conditions used during the synthesis and the form of the glycan obtained at the end of it. Here, we describe a traceless photolabile linker to prepare carbohydrates with a free reducing end. Modification of the o-nitrobenzyl scaffold of the linker is key to high yields and compatibility with the AGA work-flow. The assembly of an asym. bi-antennary N-glycan from oligosaccharide fragments prepared by AGA and linear as well as branched β-oligoglucans are described to illustrate the power of the method. These substrates will serve as standards and biomarkers to examine the unique specificity of glycosyl hydrolases. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9Electric Literature of C7H7NO4).

3-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-nitrophenol (cas: 60463-12-9) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C7H7NO4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

(L)- or (D)-Valine tert-butylamide grafted on permethylated β-cyclodextrin derivatives as new mixed binary chiral selectors was written by Stephany, O.;Dron, F.;Tisse, S.;Martinez, A.;Nuzillard, J.-M.;Peulon-Agasse, V.;Cardinael, P.;Bouillon, J.-P.. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2009.Product Details of 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

This work deals with the synthesis of two mixed binary chiral selectors prepared by grafting L– or D-valine tert-butylamide on permethylated cyclodextrin macrocycle. The enantioselective properties of the new chiral selectors diluted in OV11 polysiloxane (35% phenyl- and 65% methylsiloxane) were studied by injections of 117 racemic mixtures The mixed chiral selectors with L-valine and, to a lesser extent with D-valine, have an improved enantioselectivity toward amino acid derivatives by comparison to permethylated cyclodextrin. The enantioseparation capability of these new chiral selectors proved to be slightly less efficient than Chirasil-L-Val (Alltech) for amino acid derivatives, but it was extended to include terpenes, lactones, esters, aliphatic compounds and aryl alcs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Product Details of 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yeast-derived mannan-rich fraction as an alternative for zinc oxide to alleviate diarrhea incidence and improve growth performance in weaned pigs was written by Zhang, G.;Zhao, J. B.;Dong, W. X.;Song, X. M.;Lin, G.;Li, D. F.;Zhang, S.. And the article was included in Animal Feed Science and Technology in 2021.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to evaluate whether partial or complete replacement of zinc oxide (ZnO) with the mannan-rich fraction (MRF) would maintain or further improve growth performance, and affect diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, serum growth-related hormone level, and intestinal health in weaned pigs. A total of 192 weaned pigs (96 barrows and 96 gilts) with an initial body weight (BW) of 7.84 ± 0.75 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design. The dietary treatments included a basal diet without antibiotics or zinc (Zn) supplementation (CON), ZnO diet (CON + 1600 mg Zn/kg from ZnO), MRF diet (CON + 800 mg MRF com. product/kg) and MFLZ diet (CON + 800 mg MRF com. product/kg and 800 mg Zn/kg from ZnO). Pigs fed the MFLZ diet showed greater (P < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI) during day 14-28, while pigs fed MRF and MFLZ diets tended (P = 0.094) to have greater average daily gain (ADG) during the overall period (day 1-28) compared with pigs fed the CON diet. Diarrhea incidences in ZnO, MRF, and MFLZ groups were lower (P < 0.01) than those in the CON group throughout the experiment Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) in the MFLZ group, the ATTD of dry matter, organic matter, gross energy, and CP was greater (P < 0.05) in both MRF and MFLZ groups. Pigs fed MRF and MFLZ diets had greater serum IGF-I levels (P < 0.05) than pigs fed CON and ZnO diets on day 14. However, ZnO supplementation in diets did not affect nutrients digestibility and serum IGF-I level. Pigs fed ZnO, MRF and MFLZ diets had higher (P < 0.05) acetic acid concentrations in the cecum, while pigs fed the MFLZ diet had higher butyric acid concentrations in the colon compared with those fed the CON diet. Moreover, pigs in the MRF group showed higher (P < 0.05) microbial richness and diversity than pigs in the ZnO group. In conclusion, ZnO and MRF alone or combination pos. impacted intestinal health, thereby alleviating diarrhea incidence and improving growth performance in weaned pigs, with higher nutrient digestibility as seen with MRF supplementation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C18H32CaN2O10

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The reactions of pyridils and related compounds with alkali. II. The reactivities of several pyridils was written by Oda, Daihei. And the article was included in Nippon Kagaku Zasshi in 1961.Related Products of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

Several diketones were prepared and their reactivities to alkali compared. 3-Pyridyl 3-picolyl ketone (10 g.) in 50 cc. dioxane oxidized with 8.4 g. SeO₂ 5 hrs. gave 6.6 g. 3,3′-pyridil (VII), m. 79-80°. 4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde was treated with KCN to give 25% 4,4′-pyridoin, m. 165-7°, which was oxidized with HNO₃ to give 4,4′-pyridil (VIII), m. 179-70.5°. Similarly, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde N-oxide gave 2,2′-pyridoin N,N-dioxide, m. 152-3° (decomposition), which was oxidized to yield 2,2′-pyridil N,N’-dioxide (IX), decomposed at 240-5°. Oxidation of 2-pyridyl 3-picolyl ketone with SeO₂ yielded 2,3′-pyridil (X), m. 96-8°. 6,6′-Dimethyl-2,2′-pyridil (4.8 g.) treated with KOH as in the preceding part gave 2.8 g. 6-methylpicolinic acid, 0.08 g. 6-methyl-2-pyridylcarbinol, 0.4 g. 6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-pyridoin, 0.15 g. NH₃, and 0.4 g. unidentified carbonyl compound VII gave di-βpyridylglycolic acid, which was oxidized to nicotinic acid (XI) and di-β-pyridyl ketone, m. 105-7°. VIII (2.1 g.) gave 0.95 g. isonicotinic acid, 0.06 g. γ-pyridylcarbinol, and 0.06 g. NH₃. X (2.1 g.) gave 0.8 g. XI, 0.05 g. NH₃, 0.03 g. III, and 0.27 g. IV. IX (4.9 g.) gave 3.2 g. di-α-pyridylcarbinol N-oxide, m. 148-9°, and 0.22 g. IV. The results indicated that low electron density on the 2- or 4-position was the cause of abnormal reaction. The idea was supported by the results on IX. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Related Products of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Base-Promoted Amidation and Esterification of Imidazolium Salts via Acyl C-C bond Cleavage: Access to Aromatic Amides and Esters was written by Karthik, Shanmugam;Muthuvel, Karthick;Gandhi, Thirumanavelan. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol This article mentions the following:

Imidazolium salts have been effectively employed as suitable acyl transfer agents in amidation and esterification in organic synthesis. The weak acyl C(O)-C imidazolium bond was exploited to generate acyl electrophiles, which further react with amines and alcs. to afford amides and esters. The broad substrate scope of anilines and benzylic amines and base-promoted conditions are the benefits of this route. Interestingly, phenol, benzylic alcs., and a biol. active alc. can also be subjected to esterification under the optimized conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol).

(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 1777-82-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Quality Control of (2,4-Dichlorophenyl)methanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photocatalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling of silanes with alcohols and water was written by Lv, Haiping;Laishram, Ronibala Devi;Chen, Jingchao;Khan, Ruhima;Zhu, Yuanbin;Wu, Shiyuan;Zhang, Jianqiang;Liu, Xingyuan;Fan, Baomin. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2021.Related Products of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for the dehydrogenative coupling of hydrosilanes with alcs. and phenols under photocatalysis with ruthenium bipyridine complex was developed, providing access for aryloxy, aralkyloxy and alkoxysilanes. The reaction proceeded in the presence of Ru(bpy)₃Cl₂ (0.5 mol%) under visible light irradiation in acetonitrile at room temperature The developed methodol. was also applicable for the synthesis of silanols using water as a coupling partner. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Related Products of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 2968-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enantioselective radical C-H amination for the synthesis of β-amino alcohols was written by Nakafuku, Kohki M.;Zhang, Zuxiao;Wappes, Ethan A.;Stateman, Leah M.;Chen, Andrew D.;Nagib, David A.. And the article was included in Nature Chemistry.Reference of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

Asym., radical C-H functionalizations are rare but powerful tools for solving modern synthetic challenges. Specifically, the enantio- and regioselective C-H amination of alcs. to access medicinally valuable chiral β-amino alcs. remains elusive. To solve this challenge, a radical relay chaperone strategy was designed, wherein an alc. was transiently converted to an imidate radical that underwent intramol. H-atom transfer (HAT). This regioselective HAT was also rendered enantioselective by harnessing energy transfer catalysis to mediate selective radical generation and interception by a chiral copper catalyst. The successful development of this multi-catalytic, asym., radical C-H amination enabled broad access to chiral β-amino alcs. from a variety of alcs. containing alkyl, allyl, benzyl and propargyl C-H bonds. Mechanistic experiments revealed that triplet energy sensitization of a Cu-bound radical precursor facilitates catalyst-mediated HAT stereoselectivity, enabling the synthesis of several important classes of chiral β-amines by enantioselective, radical C-H amination. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Reference of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Reference of 2968-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts