Month: February 2023

Cationic DABCO-Based Catalyst for Site-Selective C-H Alkylation via Photoinduced Hydrogen-Atom Transfer was written by Matsumoto, Akira;Yamamoto, Masanori;Maruoka, Keiji. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2022.Formula: C10H20O This article mentions the following:

A series of hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) catalysts based on the readily available and tunable 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) structure was designed, and their photoinduced HAT catalysis ability was demonstrated. The combination of HAT catalyst with an acridinium-based organophotoredox catalyst enabled efficient and site-selective C-H alkylation of substrates ranging from unactivated hydrocarbons to complex mols. Notably, a HAT catalyst with addnl. substituents adjacent to a nitrogen atom further improved the site selectivity. Mechanistic studies suggested that the N-substituent of the catalyst played a crucial role, assisting in the generation of a dicationic aminium radical as an active species for the HAT process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Formula: C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Discovery of IACS-9779 and IACS-70465 as Potent Inhibitors Targeting Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Apoenzyme was written by Hamilton, Matthew M.;Mseeh, Faika;McAfoos, Timothy J.;Leonard, Paul G.;Reyna, Naphtali J.;Harris, Angela L.;Xu, Alan;Han, Michelle;Soth, Michael J.;Czako, Barbara;Theroff, Jay P.;Mandal, Pijus K.;Burke, Jason P.;Virgin-Downey, Brett;Petrocchi, Alessia;Pfaffinger, Dana;Rogers, Norma E.;Parker, Connor A.;Yu, Simon S.;Jiang, Yongying;Krapp, Stephan;Lammens, Alfred;Trevitt, Graham;Tremblay, Martin R.;Mikule, Keith;Wilcoxen, Keith;Cross, Jason B.;Jones, Philip;Marszalek, Joseph R.;Lewis, Richard T.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Electric Literature of C9H17NO3 This article mentions the following:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), a heme-containing enzyme that mediates the rate-limiting step in the metabolism of L-tryptophan to kynurenine, has been widely explored as a potential immunotherapeutic target in oncol. The authors have developed a class of inhibitors with a conformationally constrained bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane core. These potently inhibited IDO1 in a cellular context by binding to the apoenzyme, as elucidated by biochem. characterization and X-ray crystallog. A SKOV3 tumor model was instrumental in differentiating compounds, leading to the identification of I (IACS-9779) and II (IACS-70465). IACS-70465 has excellent cellular potency, a robust pharmacodynamic response, and in a human whole blood assay was more potent than linrodostat (BMS-986205). IACS-9779 with a predicted human efficacious once-daily dose below 1 mg/kg to sustain >90% inhibition of IDO1 displayed an acceptable safety margin in rodent toxicol. and dog cardiovascular studies to support advancement into preclin. safety evaluation for human development. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3Electric Literature of C9H17NO3).

1-Boc-Azetidine-3-yl-methanol (cas: 142253-56-3) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Electric Literature of C9H17NO3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selenium- and Silicon-Mediated Recovery of Satureja (Satureja mutica Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Chemotypes Subjected to Drought Stress Followed by Rewatering was written by Karimi, Ehsan;Ghasemnezhad, Azim;Ghorbanpour, Mansour. And the article was included in Gesunde Pflanzen in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol This article mentions the following:

Little is known about the potential role of selenium and silicon post drought in plants, and the physiol. mechanisms involved are yet to be explored. Medicinal plant cultivation in existing crop systems is of great importance for sustainable production of active ingredients. The first step in this process is to grow the plants under natural field conditions. For this purpose, the effects of drought stress (moderate stress: 25 days without irrigation and severe stress: 40 days without irrigation) and rewatering on physiol. traits and photosynthetic pigments of two forest Satureja chemotypes of “carvacrol/thymol/p-cymene” (Darkesh chemotype) and “thymol/p-cymene/carvacrol” (Pono chemotype) were assessed in two sep. experiments under foliar application of two drought protectants: selenium (0, 5, and 20 mg/l) and silicon (0, 1, and 5 mM). The results showed that at least in one experiment, the proline content of Darkesh and Pono increased by 33.48 and 16.76% following water stress, resp. A significant enhancement was observed in proline level only in the Darkesh chemotype by rewatering. In both chemotypes, the sugar content increased (by 11.59 and 27.41%) as water stress increased, resp. On the other hand, by rewatering, a reduction in sugar content was observed only in the Pono chemotype. Ionic leakage increased in both chemotypes during the second experiment Similar to sugar content, rewatering decreased ionic leakage only in the Pono chemotype. No clear separation was found in the response of forest savory chemotypes to foliar selenium and silicon application. However, selenium-treated plants reduced proline accumulation under drought stress. Based on the obtained results, forest savory as a drought-resistance valuable medicinal plant can be introduced into the crop system, especially in regions with low precipitation and scarce water sources. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Recommendation to include hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate in the British baseline patch test series was written by Rolls, S.;Chowdhury, M. M.;Cooper, S.;Cousen, P.;Flynn, A. M.;Ghaffar, S. A.;Green, C. M.;Haworth, A.;Holden, C.;Johnston, G. A.;Naidoo, K.;Orton, D. I.;Reckling, C.;Sabroe, R. A.;Scorer, M.;Stone, N. M.;Thompson, D.;Wakelin, S.;Wilkinson, M.;Buckley, D. A.. And the article was included in British Journal of Dermatology in 2019.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7 This article mentions the following:

(Meth)acrylates are potent sensitizers and a common cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). The frequency of (meth)acrylate ACD has increased with soaring demand for acrylic nails. A preliminary audit has suggested a significant rate of pos. patch tests to (meth)acrylates using aimed testing in patients providing a clear history of exposure. To determine whether inclusion of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) 2% in petrolatum (pet.) in the baseline series detects cases of treatable (meth)acrylate ACD. During 2016-2017, 15 U.K. dermatol. centers included 2-HEMA in the extended baseline patch test series. Patients with a history of (meth)acrylate exposure, or who tested pos. to 2-HEMA, were selectively tested with a short series of eight (meth)acrylate allergens. In total 5920 patients were consecutively patch tested with the baseline series, of whom 669 were also tested with the (meth)acrylate series. Overall, 102 of 5920 tested pos. to 2-HEMA and 140 to at least one (meth)acrylate. Had 2-HEMA been excluded from the baseline series, (meth)acrylate allergy would have been missed in 36 of 5920. The top (meth)acrylates eliciting a pos. reaction were 2-HEMA, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. 2-HEMA 2% pet. be added to the British baseline patch test series. We also suggest a standardized short (meth)acrylate series, which is likely to detect most cases of (meth)acrylate allergy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Synthetic Route of C16H26O7).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Synthetic Route of C16H26O7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Recent advances in managing overactive bladder. was written by Araklitis, George;Baines, Georgina;da Silva, Ana Sofia;Robinson, Dudley;Cardozo, Linda. And the article was included in F1000Research in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is defined as urinary urgency, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with or without urgency incontinence, in the absence of urinary tract infection or other obvious pathology. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the management of OAB. We examine the evidence on the effect of anticholinergic load on OAB patients. Advances in medical treatment include a new beta-3 agonist, vibegron, which is thought to have fewer drug interactions than mirabegron. Treatment of genitourinary syndrome of the menopause with oestrogens and ospemifene have also shown promise for OAB. Botulinum toxin has been shown to be an effective treatment option. We discuss the new implantable neuromodulators that are on the market as well as selective bladder denervation and laser technology. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.HPLC of Formula: 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Piezo-photoelectric all-in-one coaxial hierarchical TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ heterostructure for synergistic water splitting was written by Yang, M.;Wang, Y.;Ma, H.;Chen, L.;Ge, S.;Wang, X.;Yu, J.;Cheng, Z.. And the article was included in Materials Today Chemistry in 2022.Application of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

Rational multiple-field coupling, component control, and microarchitectures design for utilization of multiform driving forces as well as benefiting charge-carrier separation and migration is considered to be an outstanding approach to improve water splitting efficiency for alleviating increasing environmental problems. Herein, a novel piezo-photoelec. catalyst, coaxial TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ heterostructures, was designed for efficient hydrogen production, synergistically driven by mech. force, electricity, and light. The vertical growth of TiO₂ nanorods guarantees sufficient generation of photoinduced charges and their fast migration. Elec. field generated by the piezoelec. BaTiO₃ shell under a mech. driving force will promote the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby minimizing the probability of charge recombination. The further incorporation of the outermost layer of CuInS₂ is beneficial to broaden light harvesting. Of particular importance is the cascade band arrangement of the three different functional components, which greatly enhances the transfer of photo- and piezoelec. induced charges. With the synergy of enhanced light harvesting, energy band engineering, and nanostructure interfacial design, the fabricated TiO₂-BaTiO₃-CuInS₂ photoelectrode has achieved significant enhancement of piezo-photoelec. hydrogen evolution efficiency and could be expanded for pollutant decomposition This simple yet general strategy provides valuable guidance for cooperatively capitalizing on piezoelectricity to engineer high-performing energy conversion and environmental protection. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Application of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Application of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Electro organic synthesis as green and sustainable approach for synthesis of chloro substituted benzyl alcohols was written by Saharan, Ritu. And the article was included in Journal of the Indian Chemical Society in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A green and sustainable approach for synthesis of chloro substituted benzyl alcs. has been established. In present research paper cyclic voltammetry study followed by constant current electrolysis and characterization of synthesized 2-chlorobenzyl alc., 3-chlorobenzyl alc., 4-chlorobenzyl alc. and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alc. has been reported. Cyclic voltammetry measurements have been employed to setup optimum conditions for electrolysis and to find out electrochem. nature of various Chloro substituted benzaldehydes. Then these results have been judiciary used to carry out electrochem. reduction of various chloro substituted benzaldehydes using constant current electrolysis. Influence of scan rate and pH on reduction peaks has also been investigated referring irreversible electron transfer phenomenon in basic medium. The kinetic parameters for reduction reactions have been estimated showing the process under the influence of diffusion control. This has a scientific achievement in terms of the obtained products and their derivatives which are industrially and pharmaceutically significant chems. owing to their huge applications in petrochem. industries and medical sectors. Throat lozenges containing dichlorobenzyl alc. (DCBA) are used for treatment of respiratory tract infections. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aryl alkyl ketones employing ligands derived from amino acids was written by Wettergren, Jenny;Zaitsev, Alexey B.;Adolfsson, Hans. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2007.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4 This article mentions the following:

The combination of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhodium dichloride dimer [{RhCl₂Cp*}₂] and pseudodipeptide ligands, formed from N-Boc protected amino acids and amino alcs., resulted in efficient and selective catalysts for the asym. transfer hydrogenation of ketones in 2-propanol. A number of different secondary alcs., e.g., I, were obtained in high yields and in excellent enantioselectivity using these in situ formed catalysts. Deuterium-labeling experiments showed that the hydride transfer reaction occurs via the monohydridic route. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.HPLC of Formula: 171032-87-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ultrasound-promoted aminolysis of epoxides in aqueous media. A rapid procedure with no pH adjustment for additive-free synthesis of β-aminoalcohols was written by Abaee, M. Saeed;Hamidi, Vahid;Mojtahedi, Mohammad M.. And the article was included in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 2008.Formula: C13H19NO This article mentions the following:

An efficient and environmentally friendly procedure promoted by ultrasound irradiation was developed for stereoselective ring opening of various epoxides with aromatic and aliphatic amines under aqueous conditions in the presence of no catalyst or additive. Chemoselectivity of the protocol was shown by competition of piperidine and aniline to react with different epoxides resulting in exclusive formation of the resp. products of piperidine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6Formula: C13H19NO).

Trans-2-(benzylamino)cyclohexanol (cas: 40571-86-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Formula: C13H19NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

An update on drugs for the treatment of menopausal symptoms was written by Palacios, Santiago;Mejias, Andrea. And the article was included in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy in 2015.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) are recognized as the most frequent and bothersome symptoms associated with menopause. There are different treatments for both groups of symptoms, being necessary to individualize them. There are different therapies for VMS including hormonal treatments with estrogen, with and without progestins; the new alternative, tissue-selective estrogen complex (TSEC), tibolone, phytoestrogens and only progestins. Evidence also shows efficacy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Other nonhormonal alternatives exist as second-line treatments, all with not conclusive results. The GSM can be treated with nonhormonal treatments such as vaginal lubricants and moisturizers, other alternatives as vaginal laser needs to have more evidence. On the other hand, there is the possibility to use the hormonal treatments with systemic or local estrogen, which are the most effective treatment, the TSEC and the newest selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), ospemifene. Therapies with testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are still under study. The GSM can be treated with nonhormonal treatments such as vaginal lubricants and moisturizers, and other alternatives as vaginal laser need to have more evidence. On the other hand, there is the possibility to use the hormonal treatments with systemic or local estrogen, which are the most effective treatment, the TSEC and the newest SERM, ospemifene. Therapies with testosterone and DHEA are still under study. The increasing numbers of therapies for menopausal symptoms open up new options, but we must individualize treatments. New possibilities arise in patients who did not have them and which can improve compliance and is also important to design strategies using combined or sequential treatments. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts