Month: February 2023

Metabolomics reveals potential biomarkers of rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae) interactions was written by Chen, Can;Zhang, Zong-qiong;Xia, Xiu-zhong;Yang, Xing-hai;Nong, Bao-xuan;Zhang, Xiao-li;Xu, Zhi-jian;Li, Dan-ting;Guo, Hui;Feng, Rui. And the article was included in Nanfang Nongye Xuebao in 2021.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol This article mentions the following:

[Objective] To detect differential levels of metabolites between rice gall midge (RGM)-resistant and -susceptible rice materials to provide a theor. basis for analyzing rice-RGM interaction and assist in the development of green controls of RGM in rice. [Method] GXM-001-2 (high resistance) and TN1 (high susceptibility) were inoculated with RGM and liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry was employed to detect changes in metabolite levels after 48 h. [Result] 330 metabolites were detected, of which 155 were known metabolites. TN1 displayed a much higher number of up-regulated metabolites after RGM infection than in GXM-001-2, where metabolites were largely down-regulated. The anal. of potential biochem. markers of rice infected by RGM showed that differentially regulated metabolites could be classified into four categories associated with resistance (n=16), susceptibility (n=16), infection (n=7) and host characteristics (n=3). Biochem. markers and fold change anal. showed that the resistance category included 1-aminocyclopropanicarboxylic acid, 3-phosphoglyceric acid, eicosanoic acid, 6-methylvitamin D, glutamic acid, phytol and tyrosine of which, the latter 4 were upregulated. Compounds associated with susceptibility included 2-hexketoic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid and other substances, of which 7 substances, including 6-hydroxy hexanoic acid, glucose and piceatannol, were downregulated. The characteristic compounds of infection included 4-aminobutyric acid, galactonic acid, propanedioic acid and adenine, uridine, propanedioic acid, and 纬-aminobutyric acid showed similar up or down trends in GXM-001-2 and TN1. The host characteristic substances consisted of isoleucine, hexadecanoic acid and cycloleucine, with the former two substances at significantly higher levels in GXM-001-2 relative to TN1 (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Under rice RGM condition, 16, 16, 7 and 3 metabolites associated with resistance, susceptibility, infection and host characteristics, resp., were selected. Of these, fatty acids and their derivatives (hexadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid and 尾-hydroxytetradecanoic acid), amino acids (glutamic acid, tyrosine, phenylalanine and 纬-aminobutyric acid), phenolic acids (ferulic acid), terpenoids (phyllol) and amines (acetanilide, benzylamine and lactamide) are the most important potential biomarkers of RGM infection, which could play important roles in plant insect defense responses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of trapped-into-solids volatile organic compounds on paper biodeteriogens was written by Menicucci, Felicia;Palagano, Eleonora;Michelozzi, Marco;Cencetti, Gabriele;Raio, Aida;Bacchi, Alessia;Mazzeo, Paolo P.;Cuzman, Oana A.;Sidoti, Alessandro;Guarino, Salvatore;Basile, Sara;Riccobono, Ornella;Peri, Ezio;Vizza, Francesco;Ienco, Andrea. And the article was included in International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2 This article mentions the following:

Paper items from historical archives and libraries are frequently colonized by biodeteriogens, the management of which is a major concern. Essential oil Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol, with high levels of antimicrobial and insect repellent activity, were stabilized within crystalline networks of 尾-cyclodextrins and phenazine-based cocrystals, as a new tool for the control of paper-degrading agents. These formulations were obtained via solvent-free methodologies and resulted as easy handling powders, suitable for the treatment of paper items by indirect contact. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated on the following species isolated from a book depository at Forte Belvedere (Florence, IT): Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Trichoderma orientale, Metschnikowia sp., and Bacillus sp. Both formulates displayed a significant antimicrobial activity in vitro, with cocrystals showing higher efficacy than 尾-cyclodextrins. The formulates were also tested against the pest Lasioderma serricorne, towards which the cocrystals entrapping carvacrol and thymol exhibited repellent activity. Overall, the phenazine-carvacrol cocrystal was the best-performing formulate, also giving favorable outcomes in terms of antifungal activity in an on-paper in vitro experiment designed to reproduce on a small-scale the critical conditions of an infested archive. These promising results pave the way towards further experimentations of VOC-based solid formulates, to shed light on such products applicability for the preservation of paper items. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2).

5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol (cas: 499-75-2) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 499-75-2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dietary inclusion of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emission, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs was written by Thamaraikannan, Mohankumar;Park, Insun;Kim, In Ho. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Animal Science in 2021.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

This study is to evaluate the effects of mineral detoxified nano-sulfur dispersion (DSD) on growth performance, fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emissions, blood profile, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of 160 pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 54.90 卤 5.10 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments including basal diet and basal diet with 10 ppm DSD. During the 10 wk trial, there were no differences in BW, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio between the control and DSD groups. Also, the fecal score, fecal microbiota, gas emission were not affected by DSD diet. Dietary inclusion of DSD tended to increase water-holding capacity and decrease cooking loss and drip loss. At week 5, serum concentrations of glucose, calcium (Ca), total cholesterol, and high-d. level cholesterol were increased, and triglyceride concentration was reduced in pigs fed with DSD than control diets. In summary, the inclusion of dietary DSD in the finishing pig diet has improved serum Ca, glucose concentrations, and lipid profiles as well as improves some meat quality traits. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Humic substances measurement in sludge dissolved organic matter: A critical assessment of current methods was written by Xiao, Keke;Horn, Harald;Abbt-Braun, Gudrun. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Product Details of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

The role of humic substances (HS) during sludge treatment has been the focus in recent years. Quantification of HS in sludge dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the chem. and structural characterization of HS data are the prerequisite for understanding their role during different sludge treatment processes. Currently, a number of published articles inadequately acknowledge fundamental principles of anal. methods both in terms of exptl. approach and data anal. Therefore, a more comprehensive and detailed description of the exptl. methods and the data anal. are needed. In this study, the current used methods for HS quantification in DOM of sludge had been tested for different calibration and sludge DOM samples. The results indicated that the current methods showed overestimated and contradictory results for HS quantification in sludge DOM. To be specific, using the modified Lowry method, different values were obtained depending on the humic acids used for calibration, and false neg. results were observed for some sludge samples. By using the relative amount of HS (based on dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) to total sludge DOM (based on DOC), variations among the results of different anal. methods for the same sample were high. According to the calculated Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indexes, the results for HS quantification obtained by three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM), either with spectra anal. methods by peak picking, fluorescence region integration (both region volume and area integration), or PARAllel FACtor anal. showed higher degrees of dissimilarity to those quantified by size exclusion liquid chromatog. or XAD-8 method. The selection of fluorescence regions for HS seemed to be the determining factor for overestimation obtained by the 3D-EEM technique. In future work, strategies, like a consistent terminol. of HS, the use of an internal standard sample, and the related standardized operation for HS quantification in sludge DOM need to be established. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Product Details of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Merging electrolysis and nickel catalysis in redox neutral cross-coupling reactions: Experiment and computation for electrochemically induced C-P and C-Se bonds formation was written by Zhu, Chen;Yue, Huifeng;Nikolaienko, Pavlo;Rueping, Magnus. And the article was included in CCS Chemistry in 2020.Product Details of 68716-49-4 This article mentions the following:

The authors have achieved a nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction via concerted paired electrolysis under mild reaction conditions. In this electrochem. transformation, the anodic oxidation of Ni(II) to Ni(III) and cathodic reduction of Ni(I) to Ni(0) occurred simultaneously, resulting in an economical and sustainable cross-coupling protocol. Moreover, mechanistic investigations were performed utilizing experiments and d. functional theory (DFT) calculations for different C-heteroatom bond formations to reveal the catalytic cycle in more detail. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4Product Details of 68716-49-4).

2-(4-Bromophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (cas: 68716-49-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 68716-49-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus and yeast species and their effect on the quality of fermented rice cakes was written by He, Li;Chen, Yanhua;Zhang, Haitian;Wang, Hui;Chen, Shujuan;Liu, Shuliang;Liu, Aiping;Li, Qin;Ao, Xiaolin;Liu, Yaowen. And the article was included in Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies in 2022.Related Products of 111-46-6 This article mentions the following:

In this study, microbes were isolated from the rice slurry of a fermented rice cake to obtain lactic acid bacteria and yeast species. These species were identified using microbial physiol. and gene sequence analyses. As the growth of the lactic acid bacterial strain R-2b and the yeast J-3a strains were found to be the best, a composite starter comprising these microbes was used for the preparation of fermented rice cakes. Based on single factor and orthogonal experiments, when the proportion of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida humilis was 1:3:6, the optimal fermentation conditions were addition of sugar and starter amounts of 20% and 6%, resp., a fermentation temperature of 32掳C, and fermentation time of 8 h. The fermented rice cake with this optimum ratio had the most abundant volatile components and qualified physicochem. and microbial indexes. Addnl., the overall quality was better than that of com. available products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Related Products of 111-46-6).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 111-46-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In situ monitoring of photo-crosslinking reaction of water-soluble bifunctional macromers using magnetic levitation was written by Ashkarran, Ali Akbar;Sharifi, Shahriar;Abrahamsson, Christoffer K.;Mahmoudi, Morteza. And the article was included in Analytica Chimica Acta in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Crosslinking is one of the fundamental phenomena in polymer science, which happens by forming covalent bonds or relatively short sequences of chem. bonds to join 2 polymer chains. Crosslinking and the subsequent volume shrinkage of monomers/macromers result in changes in their corresponding d. which can be measured using d.-based measurement techniques (e.g., dilatometry). Here, the authors demonstrate a method that allows in situ monitoring of photopolymerization of H₂O-soluble bifunctional macromers using magnetic levitation (MagLev) system. The authors use a hydrophobic paramagnetic solution to monitor the photopolymerization of H₂O-soluble polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as a model of bifunctional macromers using a ring MagLev system. Based on changes in levitation heights (densities) after illumination of blue light, the authors have successfully monitored the double bond conversion of PEGDA 700 macromers at various polymerization conditions. Probably MagLev can should be used as a new and complementary anal. technique for rapid screening of the photopolymerization reactions and measurement of conversions using changes in the levitation height of the macromers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Diethyleneglycoldiacrylate (cas: 4074-88-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Halophilic bacteria as starter cultures: A new strategy to accelerate fermentation and enhance flavor of shrimp paste was written by Yu, Jing;Lu, Kuan;Zi, Jiwei;Yang, Xihong;Zheng, Zuoxing;Xie, Wancui. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol This article mentions the following:

Retaining the traditional flavor while shortening the fermentation cycle is the current research focus for shrimp paste fermentation technol. The present study investigated the effect of combined use of halophilic bacteria as starters on the sensory and flavor characteristics of rapidly fermented shrimp paste. Sensory evaluation indicated that the starter-inoculated samples had high texture, appearance, and overall quality scores. Headspace gas chromatog.-ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS/MS) identified 95 volatile compounds, the fingerprint profiles of the starter-inoculated samples were similar to those of the traditional sample. Notably, the content of benzaldehyde, phenylethylaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde increased significantly in the starter-inoculated samples (p < 0.05), which may provide an intense malt, caramel, and pleasant odor. Although the content of certain flavor substances in the starter-inoculated samples was lower than those of traditional sample, the use significantly reduced the fermentation time and mimicked the flavor profile of traditional shrimp paste to some extent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of Oct-1-en-3-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Photopolymerizable nanogels as macromolecular precursors to covalently crosslinked water-based networks was written by Dailing, Eric A.;Setterberg, Whitney K.;Shah, Parag K.;Stansbury, Jeffrey W.. And the article was included in Soft Matter in 2015.Related Products of 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

We present a strategy for directly and efficiently polymerizing aqueous dispersions of reactive nanogels into covalently crosslinked polymer networks with properties that are determined by the initial chem. and phys. nanogel structure. This technique can extend the range of achievable properties and architectures for networks formed in solution, particularly in water where monomer selection for direct polymerization and the final network properties are quite limited. Nanogels were initially obtained from a solution polymerization of a hydrophilic monomethacrylate and either a hydrophilic PEG-based dimethacrylate or a more hydrophobic urethane dimethacrylate, which produced globular particles with diameters of 10-15 nm with remarkably low polydispersity in some cases. Networks derived from a single type of nanogel or a blend of nanogels with different chemistries when dispersed in water gelled within minutes when exposed to low intensity UV light. Modifying the nanogel structure changes both covalent and non-covalent secondary interactions in the crosslinked networks and reveals critical design criteria for the development of networks from highly internally branched, nanoscale prepolymer precursors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1Related Products of 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Related Products of 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Three Different Types of Asymmetric Polymerization of Aryl Isocyanides by Using Simple Rare-Earth Metal Trialkyl Precursors was written by Gao, Feng;Chen, Jupeng;Cao, Qingbin;Li, Qiaozhen;Zheng, Jie;Li, Xiaofang. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2022.Synthetic Route of C10H20O This article mentions the following:

Three different types of asym. polymerization of aryl isocyanides containing helix-sense-selective polymerization of achiral aryl isocyanides with D/L-lactide as the chiral additive, asym. induced polymerization of chiral aryl isocyanides as well as helix-sense-selective copolymerization of chiral and achiral aryl isocyanides with chiral amplification have successfully been implemented by using two kinds of achiral monocation [LnR₂(THF)_n]⁺ or dication species [LnR(THF)_n]²⁺in situ generated from two series of simple rare-earth metal trialkyl precursors (LnR₃(THF)_n, Ln = Sc, Lu, Y; R = -CH₂SiMe₃, -o-CH₂C₆H₄NMe₂; n = 0, 2). As a result, various optically active poly(aryl isocyanide)s having one-handed helical conformations and/or aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nature are prepared A possible coordination mechanism is also proposed. Such a catalytic system affords a new design concept of simple, efficient, and superior rare-earth metal catalysts for asym. polymerization of functional isocyanides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5Synthetic Route of C10H20O).

(1R,2S,5R)-2-Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (cas: 2216-51-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C10H20O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts