Month: February 2023

Vibrational dynamics of glass forming: 2-phenylbutan-1-ol (BEP), 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (2TFMP) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol (4TFMP) in their thermodynamic phases was written by Juszynska-Galazka, Ewa;Zajac, Wojciech;Saito, Kazuya;Yamamura, Yasuhisa;Jurus, Natalia. And the article was included in Phase Transitions in 2018.Reference of 2968-93-6 This article mentions the following:

The complex polymorphism and vibrational dynamics of three glass-forming single-phenyl-ring alcs. (with and without fluorine atoms) have been studied by complementary methods. Glass of isotropic liquid phase and cold crystallization of metastable supercooled liquid state were detected. Temperature investigations of vibrational motions show important role of hydrogen bonds in interactions between mols. Theor. calculations for isolated mol., as well as dimer- and tetramer-type aggregates of non-covalently bound mols., allow for a good description of exptl. spectra. Intermol. interactions of mols. with ortho and para positions of CF₃ group in Ph ring have a similar influence on the spectra observed In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Reference of 2968-93-6).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Reference of 2968-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of ospemifene on genitourinary health assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and vaginal/vulvar health indices. was written by Goldstein, Irwin;Simon, James A;Kaunitz, Andrew M;Altomare, Corrado;Yoshida, Yuki;Zhu, Julie;Schaffer, Sam;Soulban, Graziella. And the article was included in Menopause (New York, N.Y.) in 2019.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol This article mentions the following:

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the effects of ospemifene on the vulva and vagina in postmenopausal women using vulvar-vestibular photography and direct visual assessments. METHODS: Postmenopausal women (aged 40-80 years) with moderate to severe vaginal dryness as their most bothersome symptom (MBS) were randomized to daily ospemifene 60鈥妋g or placebo in this 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 study. Vulvar-vestibular photographic images were captured at baseline and week 12 and were independently assessed with the Vulvar Imaging Assessment Scale (VIAS). Changes from baseline in Vaginal and Vulvar Health Indices (VHI and VuHI) with ospemifene versus placebo were analyzed at weeks 4, 8, and 12. Correlations between VIAS, VHI, and VuHI, with vaginal dryness severity and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were also assessed. RESULTS: In all, 631 eligible participants were randomized (ospemifene 316, placebo 315) and included in the intention-to-treat population. Compared with placebo, ospemifene significantly improved total scores for VIAS (P鈥?鈥?.0154), VHI (P鈥?lt;鈥?.0001), and VuHI (P鈥?lt;鈥?.0001) from baseline to week 12; significant VHI (P鈥?lt;鈥?.0001) and VuHI (P鈥?鈥?.002) improvements were observed at week 4. Most VHI and VuHI individual items were significantly better with ospemifene versus placebo at week 12 (P鈥?lt;鈥?.05). Most correlations between the vulvovaginal assessment total scores versus vaginal dryness severity and FSFI scores were significant (P鈥?lt;鈥?.05). CONCLUSION: Improvements observed in vulvovaginal health with ospemifene assessed by prospective vulvar-vestibular photography and other direct visual assessments support its efficacy in addition to the treatment of moderate to severe vaginal dryness due to menopause and the use of photographic and direct visual evaluations in future clinical trials. VIDEO SUMMARY: Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/MENO/A415. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of extrusion specific mechanical energy and dryer conditions on the survival of Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 for commercial pet food applications was written by Acuff, Heather L.;Aldrich, Charles G.. And the article was included in Animal Feed Science and Technology in 2022.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

In companion animal nutrition, probiotics (direct-fed microbials) are considered functional ingredients that benefit the gastrointestinal and immune health of the host. Bacillus coagulans GBI-30, 6086 is a spore-forming bacterial strain that has been reported to survive environmental stresses, heat processing, and extreme-pH conditions. Extrusion cooking is the most widely used method to produce com. dog and cat foods, however the thermal and mech. forces exerted during extrusion and drying present a challenge for guaranteeing the viability of live microorganisms after processing. Two experiments were conducted to determine the reduction in viability of the microorganism at graded flour inoculation levels (0, 6.2, 6.7, and 7.3 log10 colony forming units per g (CFU/g)) subjected to extrusion cooking under varied levels of specific mech. energy that were achieved by adjusting the extruder water input (10, 12, and 20 kg/h), and extruder screw speed (400, 500, and 600 rpm). A second experiment was conducted to determine the survival of the microorganism subjected to three dryer conditions (49 掳C for 10 min; 107 掳C for 16 min; and 66 掳C for 46 min). Enumeration of bacterial colony forming units was performed on pre- and post-processing samples. Extrusion data were analyzed using a general linear model using the GLIMMIX procedure, and dryer data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with one-way anal. of variance (SAS v. 9.4, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) with significance accepted at a level of 95% confidence (伪 = 0.05). The results indicate that the low SME extrusion conditions (in-barrel moisture of 35%, extruder screw speed of 400 rpm, and specific mech. energy of 129 kJ/kg) resulted in the greatest retention (P < 0.05), with a mean log10 reduction of viable spores of 0.44, 2.15, and 2.67 for the low, moderate, and severe extrusion conditions, resp. Viability of the spores through three dryer conditions were observed to be similar across all treatments. This study also demonstrated that the greatest losses of viability occurred during extrusion rather than drying, and that in-barrel moisture and extruder screw speed are two operational parameters may be modified for the optimization of Bacillus coagulans survival in extruded foods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of pulse light on the quality of refrigerated (4掳C) large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) was written by Zhang, Jianyou;Zhou, Guangcheng;Ji, Shengqiang;Zou, Ligen;Liang, Jianqin;Walayat, Noman;Chen, Jiang;Fei, Lyu;Ding, Yuting. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

This study mainly analyzed the changes of quality of large yellow croaker treated by pulsed light during storage at 4掳C by studying TVC, TVB-N, TBARS, color, texture, sensory evaluation and volatile substances. The large yellow croaker was treated with different intensities (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 J/pulse) of PL for 30 pulses. The results showed that the initial sterilization efficiency of 300 J/pulse PL group could reach to 86.27 卤 4.32%. And the TVB-N and TBARS increased at a slower rate in the 300 J/pulse group compared to the control group during storage. Furthermore, the L* and a* color parameters of 300 J/pulse group decreased more slowly than the control group. Besides that, the texture and the sensory evaluation score were also better than control group at the same storage time. The shelf life of large yellow croaker could be extended by 2-3 days after PL treatment. However, the 500 J/pulse PL group had increased lipid oxidation and resulted in some sulfur and metallic odor. To sum up, the PL technol. presented the potential effect to improve the shelf life of large yellow croaker, but it is necessary to further optimize the processing conditions of PL. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

Oct-1-en-3-ol (cas: 3391-86-4) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Thermo-sensitive ionic hydrogels synthesis via post quaternization cross-linking: A highly efficient reusable catalytic thermo-responsive nanoreactors was written by Maddahzadeh-Darini, Nastaran;Ghorbanloo, Massomeh;Mori, Masami;Yahiro, Hidenori. And the article was included in Applied Organometallic Chemistry in 2022.Application of 873-76-7 This article mentions the following:

Radical polymerization reactions were employed to synthesize thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-1-vinylimidazole), p (NIPAM-co-VIm), hydrogels at room temperature A postquaternized crosslinking strategy was reported to fabricate thermo-sensitive quaternized-p (NIPAM-co-VIm) ionic hydrogels, Q-p (NIPAm-co-VIm). Combination of methods (high-resolution XPS, dynamic light scattering, and at. absorption spectroscopy) was employed to characterize the composite material. Following the concept of a “green chem.,” the oxidation of alcs./olefins was carried out in aqueous solution by using nanocomposites, p (NIPAM-co-VIm) and Q-p (NIPAM-co-VIm). It was found that the catalytic activity of the metal nanocomposite can be modulated by the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of particles. The catalyst showed improved catalytic activity above LCST. Quaternized composites showed higher catalytic activity than unquaternized counterparts, due to their high hydrophobicity, effective interactions between substrates and catalyst, and high flexibility. In addition, we demonstrated that the catalytic activity of the nanocomposites can be tuned by the volume phase transition within the hydrogel by using the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol/nitrobenzene, NP/NB, as the hydrophilic/hydrophobic substrates model. For 4-NP, with an increase in temperature from 25掳C to 35掳C (<LCST), the apparent rate constant values had a downward trend. On the contrary, for NB, this value had an upward trend. These results revealed that different changes in rate constant for 4-NP and NB with temperature should be attributed to significant differences in NP/NB affinity to interact with Ag-NPs in the hydrogel. Moreover, the catalysts could efficiently be recycled four times without losing their quality. FT-IR spectra and at. absorption spectroscopy also proved that the catalysts were recyclable, durable, and leaching-resistant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7Application of 873-76-7).

(4-Chlorophenyl)methanol (cas: 873-76-7) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 873-76-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Optimisation of microwave-assisted extraction and functional elucidation of bioactive compounds from Cola nitida pod was written by Olalere, Olusegun Abayomi;Gan, Chee-Yuen;Akintomiwa, Olumide Esan;Adeyi, Oladayo;Adeyi, Abiola. And the article was included in Phytochemical Analysis in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 10083-24-6 This article mentions the following:

The quality characteristics and stability of phenolic byproducts from Cola nitida wastes are critical factors for drug formulation and food nutraceutical applications. In this study, the effect of electromagnetic-based microwave-reflux extraction on the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, morphol. characteristics, physisorption and chromatog. phenolic profiles were successfully investigated. These physicochem. analyses are often employed in the standardisation of dried herbal and food nutraceutical products. In this study, the electromagnetic-based extraction process was optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The oleoresin bio-products were subsequently characterised to determine the total phenolic content, morphol. and microstructural degradation These analyses were conducted to elucidate the effect of the microwave heating on the C. nitida pod powder. From the predicted response, the optimal percentage yield was achieved at 26.20% under 5.39 min of irradiation time, 440 W microwave power and oven temperature of 55掳C. Moreover, the rapid estimation of the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were recorded at 124.84 卤 0.064 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (d.w.) and 6.93 卤 0.34渭g/mL, resp. The physicochem. characterization results from the Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy, field emission SEM and physisorption analyses showed remarkable changes in the micro-surface area (13.66%) characteristics. The recorded optimal conditions established a basis for future scale-up of microwave extraction parameters with a potential for maximum yield. The physiochem. characterization revealed the functional characteristics of C. nitida and their tolerance to microwave heating. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6HPLC of Formula: 10083-24-6).

(E)-4-(3,5-Dihydroxystyryl)benzene-1,2-diol (cas: 10083-24-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.HPLC of Formula: 10083-24-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Imidazolium ion tethered TsDPENs as efficient water-soluble ligands for rhodium catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones was written by Kang, Guowei;Lin, Silong;Shiwakoti, Atul;Ni, Bukuo. And the article was included in Catalysis Communications in 2014.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

An imidazolium ion tethered TsDPEN has been synthesized readily and used as a water-soluble ligand for [Cp*RhCl₂]₂ catalyzed asym. transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of aromatic ketones in water. This process provided secondary alcs. in moderate to excellent conversions (up to 100%) with high enantioselectivity (up to 98% ee) under mild reaction conditions without adding any surfactants. The catalytic system is highly effective with the substrate to catalyst (S/C) ratio of 500 and low hydride donor loading of 1.5 equivalent of HCO₂Na. The procedure presented is simple and makes this method suitable for practical use. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using [[[[[(amino)diphenylethyl]amino]sulfonyl]phenyl]methyl]imidazolium salt and a rhodium complex as catalyst combination. The catalyst was prepared using N-[(1S,2S)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl]carbamic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester and imidazole derivatives as starting materials. Under optimized conditions di-渭-(chloro)dichlorobis[(1,2,3,4,5-畏)-1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl]dirhodium was used as a catalyst. Transfer hydrogenation of 1-(phenyl)ethanone (acetophenone) derivatives gave (伪S)-伪-(methyl)benzenemethanol (chiral benzyl alc.) derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(S)-1-(2-Fluorophenyl)ethanol (cas: 171032-87-4) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R鈥昈鈭?. For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The effect of inoculation Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the quality of Pleurotus eryngii Jiaosu was written by Jiang, Jikang;Li, Wenxiang;Yu, Shuping. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.SDS of cas: 149-32-6 This article mentions the following:

To investigate the effects of inoculating Leuconostoc mesenteroides or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum on the changes in metabolites in Pleurotus eryngii Jiaosu, a fermented plant extract rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, the physicochem. and metabolite features of the treated Jiaosu were compared to those of spontaneously-fermented Jiaosu. The physicochem. features of Jiaosu fermented with Leuconostoc mesenteroides or Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were superior to spontaneously-fermented Jiaosu. An Partial Least Squares Discrimination Anal. (PLS-DA) score plot showed a clear difference in metabolites between spontaneous fermentation group (SFG) and inoculated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum group (LPG). Metabolites were remarkably different between LPG and SFG on the first day of fermentation The differential metabolites included sugars, acids and alcs. This study highlights the applicability of GC-MS based metabolomics as a tool to monitor Jiaosu fermentation In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6SDS of cas: 149-32-6).

(2R,3S)-rel-Butane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (cas: 149-32-6) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.SDS of cas: 149-32-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Do not forget the classical catalyst poisons: The case of biomass to glycols via catalytic hydrogenolysis was written by te Molder, Thimo D. J.;Kersten, Sascha R. A.;Lange, Jean-Paul;Ruiz, M. Pilar. And the article was included in Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining in 2022.Related Products of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

The conversion of herbaceous biomass to glycols via tungstate catalyzed hydrogenolysis is challenging owing to its high content of extractives, inorganics and S/N, compared with woody biomass. We tested the hydrogenolysis performance of hay in batch autoclave experiments in the presence of soluble sodium polytungstate and Raney Ni at 245掳C, both in excess of catalyst as well as under catalyst-starving conditions. By this method, we found that addnl. tungstate and Raney Ni poisons, or at least their much higher concentrations, are present in the hay feedstock compared with woody biomass. It turns out that N- and in particular S-containing components present in hay are the root cause for deactivation of the hydrogenation catalyst. From the exptl. data we have derived feedstock criteria for N and S that should be targeted in terms of catalyst consumption for operation in an industrially relevant window. These challenging criteria urge the development of effective pretreatments for S/N removal or the employment of S/N-tolerant catalysts in the field of catalytic biomass conversion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Related Products of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Plants as a green alternative for alcohol preparation from aromatic aldehydes was written by Suarez-Franco, Gabriela;Hernandez-Quiroz, Teresa;Navarro-Ocana, Arturo;Oliart-Ros, Rosa Maria;Valerio-Alfaro, Gerardo. And the article was included in Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering in 2010.Product Details of 1122-71-0 This article mentions the following:

A general methodol. for the efficient reduction of aromatic aldehydes and three ketones to their corresponding alcs. (interesting as cosmetic fragrances in their majority) with moderate to excellent chem. yield was achieved by using homogenates of broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica), cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis), beet (B. vulgaris var. cicla), and spinach (S. oleraceae) in aqueous suspension and mild reaction conditions. B. oleracea var. italica and B. oleracea var. botrytis gave the maximum bioconversion yields within short reaction times. Vegetables assayed exhibited an excellent yield (鈮?99%) after 24 h for aromatic aldehydes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Product Details of 1122-71-0).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Product Details of 1122-71-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts