Month: February 2023

Research progress on the selective estrogen receptor modulators was written by Ding, Hao;Yang, Fan;Cai, Yi;Chai, Xiaoyun;Wu, Qiuye. And the article was included in Yaoxue Shijian Zazhi in 2016.Application of 128607-22-7 This article mentions the following:

Breast cancer had become the main malignant tumors which posed a serious threat to women’s health. Selective estrogen receptor modulators, which served as the effective drug treatment, had been attracting more attention. Present research progress on the selective estrogen receptor modulators was summarized in this paper. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7Application of 128607-22-7).

(Z)-2-(4-(4-Chloro-1,2-diphenylbut-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)ethan-1-ol (cas: 128607-22-7) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 128607-22-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fluoro- or trifluoromethyl-substituted benzyl and phenethyl alcohols: Substrates for metal-mediated site-selective functionalization was written by Marzi, Elena;Spitaleri, Andrea;Mongin, Florence;Schlosser, Manfred. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2002.Computed Properties of C9H9F3O This article mentions the following:

It was possible to functionalize the three fluorobenzyl alcs. and the three 2-(fluorophenyl)ethanols by metalation and subsequent carboxylation, the prototype electrophilic trapping reaction. Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) outperformed methoxymethyl (MOM) as an O-protective group making seven new fluorobenzoic acids, including I and II, accessible in 63% average yield. The TIPS group tolerates weakly basic and acidic media and may facilitate further structural elaboration. The unprotected alcs. reacted more sluggishly and were unable to provide two of the targeted products. The yield averaged only 46% in the five other cases. The direct metalation of fluorinated benzyl and phenethyl alcs. remains nevertheless an attractive option because of its operational simplicity. All three (trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcs. and two of the three (trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alc. isomers were successfully submitted to the metalation/functionalization sequence. These five starting materials gave rise to a total nine new benzoic acids or lactones, e.g. III. Despite the poor yields (31% on average), the employed organometallic methods are extremely regioselective, economical and easy to perform. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6Computed Properties of C9H9F3O).

2-(4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethanol (cas: 2968-93-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Computed Properties of C9H9F3O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

B Vitamins Supplementation Can Improve Cognitive Functions and May Relate to the Enhancement of Transketolase Activity in A Rat Model of Cognitive Impairment Associated with High-fat Diets was written by Zheng, Ying;Chen, Zhi-yong;Ma, Wen-jun;Wang, Qiu-zhen;Liang, Hui;Ma, Ai-guo. And the article was included in Current Medical Science in 2021.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Objective: To determine whether B vitamin treatment was sufficient to reduce cognitive impairment associated with high-fat diets in rats and to modulate transketolase (TK) expression and activity. To test this, we separated 50 rats into five groups that were either fed a standard chow diet (controls) or a high-fat diet (exptl. groups H0, H1, H2, and H3). H0 group animals received no addnl. dietary supplementation, while H1 group animals were administered 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) thiamine, 100 mg/kg BW riboflavin, and 250 mg/kg BW niacin each day, and group H2 animals received daily doses of 100 mg/kg BW pyridoxine, 100 mg/kg BW cobalamin, and 5 mg/kg BW folate. Animals in the H3 group received the B vitamin regimens administered to both H1 and H2 each day. Over time, group H0 exhibited greater increases in BW and fat mass relative to other groups. When spatial and memory capabilities in these animals were evaluated via conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and Morris Water Maze (MWM), we found B vitamin treatment was associated with significant improvements relative to untreated H0 controls. Similarly, B vitamin supplementation was associated with elevated TK expression in erythrocytes and hypothalamus of treated animals relative to those in H0 (P<0.05). Conclusion: Together, these findings suggest B vitamin can modulate hypothalamic TK activity to reduce the severity of cognitive deficits in a rat model of obesity. As such, B vitamin supplementation may be a beneficial method for reducing cognitive dysfunction in clin. settings associated with high-fat diets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate).

Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate (cas: 137-08-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of Calcium (R)-3-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido)propanoate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Design, synthesis and human carbonic anhydrase I, II, IX and XII inhibitory properties of 1,3-thiazole sulfonamides was written by Erigur, Esra Caner;Altug, Cevher;Angeli, Andrea;Supuran, Claudiu T.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2022.Synthetic Route of C4H10O3 This article mentions the following:

A series of novel 1,3-thiazole sulfonamides I [R = i-Pr, n-Bu, HOCH₂CH₂, Ph(CH₂)₄, etc.] has been designed, synthesized and studied their carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties. The inhibition property of four human CA isoforms was investigated: hCA I, II, IX, and XII using the standard drug acetazolamide (AAZ) for comparison. The compounds I showed a wide range of inhibition potency towards the cytosolic enzyme hCA I. Nevertheless, the compounds I (R = n-Pr, i-Pr, HOCH₂CHMe, HOCHMeCH₂, MeOCH₂CH₂) have shown higher inhibition potential as compared to acetazolamide (KI = 250 nM). The abundant human cytosolic isoform, hCA II, was strongly inhibited by the most compounds in low nanomolar range (KI < 12.1 nM). On the other hand, almost all novel synthesized compounds have shown weaker inhibition potential as compared to acetazolamide against the tumor membrane- associated isoform hCA IX. Finally, the second tumor membrane-associated isoform, hCA XII, showed a wide range of potency that spanned from 9.3 to 729.6 nM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6Synthetic Route of C4H10O3).

2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol) (cas: 111-46-6) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O鈥旽 bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C4H10O3

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hydroxymethylpyridine containing half-sandwich complexes of Rh(III), Ir(III) or Ru(II) was written by Carmona, Daniel;Lamata, Pilar;Sanchez, Antonio;Pardo, Pilar;Rodriguez, Ricardo;Ramirez, Paola;Lahoz, Fernando J.;Garcia-Orduna, Pilar;Oro, Luis A.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2014.Recommanded Product: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol This article mentions the following:

Complexes of the formula [(畏ⁿ-ring)M(NOH){(R)-P1}][SbF₆]₂ ((畏ⁿ-ring)M = (畏⁵-C₅Me₅)Rh, (畏⁵-C₅Me₅)Ir, (畏⁶-p-MeC₆H₄ⁱPr)Ru; NOH = hydroxymethylpyridine ligand; {(R)-P1} = (R)-monophos) have been prepared from the corresponding dimers [{(畏ⁿ-ring)MCl}₂(渭-Cl)₂] through routes involving [(畏⁵-C₅Me₅)RhCl₂{(R)-P1}] or [(畏ⁿ-ring)MCl(NOH)][SbF₆] intermediates. The new complexes have been characterized by anal. and spectroscopic means, including the determination of the crystal structures of [(畏⁵-C₅Me₅)IrCl₂{(R)-P1}] (1b), [(畏⁶-p-MeC₆H₄iPr)RuCl(NOH-1)][SbF₆] (2c), [(畏⁵-C₅Me₅)IrCl{(R)-NOH-2}][SbF₆] ((R)-3b), [(畏⁵-C₅Me₅)Rh(NOH-1){(R)-P1}][SbF₆]₂ (4a) and [(畏⁶-p-MeC₆H₄iPr)Ru{(R)-NOH-2}{(S)-P1}][SbF₆]₂ ((R)-5c’) by x-ray diffractometric methods. From NMR and x-ray data, the absolute configuration of the new chiral compounds was established. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0Recommanded Product: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol).

6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (cas: 1122-71-0) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Recommanded Product: 6-Methyl-2-pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of parylene coating on heating performance of intravenous fluid warmer: a bench study was written by Bayoro, Danielle K.;Groepenhoff, Herman;Hoolihan, Daniel;Rose, Edward A.;Pedro, Michael J.;Waldmann, Andreas D.. And the article was included in BMC Anesthesiology in 2022.Computed Properties of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

Abstract: Background: Perioperative hypothermia is a common occurrence, particularly with the elderly and pediatric age groups. Hypothermia is associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications. One method of preventing hypothermia is warming the infused fluids given during surgery. The enFlow i.v. fluid warmer has recently been reintroduced with a parylene coating on its heating blocks. In this paper, we evaluated the impact of the parylene coating on the new enFlows fluid warming capacity. Methods: Six coated and six uncoated enFlow cartridges were used. A solution of 10propylene glycol and 90distd. H₂O was infused into each heating cartridge at flow rates of 2, 10, 50, 150, and 200 mL/min. The infused fluid temperature was set at 4掳C, 20掳C, and 37掳C. Output temperature was recorded at each level. Data for anal. was derived from 18 runs at each flow rate (six cartridges at three temperatures). Results: The parylene coated fluid warming cartridge delivered very stable output of 40掳C temperatures at flow rates of 2, 10, and 50 mL/min regardless of the temperature of the infusate. At higher flow rates, the cartridges were not able to achieve the target temperature with the colder fluid. Both cartridges performed with similar efficacy across all flow rates at all temperatures Conclusions: At low flow rates, the parylene coated enFlow cartridges was comparable to the original uncoated cartridges. At higher flow rates, the coated and uncoated cartridges were not able to achieve the target temperature The parylene coating on the aluminum heating blocks of the new enFlow i.v. fluid warmer does not neg. affect its performance compared to the uncoated model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Computed Properties of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Computed Properties of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cinnamaldehyde Microemulsion-Mucus interaction was written by Dong, Baoqi;Chen, Jingbao;Cai, Ye;Wu, Wenqing;Chu, Xiaoqin. And the article was included in Journal of Food Biochemistry in 2022.Product Details of 57-55-6 This article mentions the following:

The current investigation explores the possible mechanism of the microemulsion drug delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of cinnamaldehyde (CA), an important food spice, from the perspective of the microemulsion-mucus system. The cinnamaldehyde microemulsion (CA-ME) was prepared by the water titration method combined with the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The dynamic anal. was applied to detect the drug release in vitro. An intestinal mucosal injury test was conducted to evaluate the safety of CA-ME and drug absorption across the intestinal tract of rats was investigated through an Ussing chamber system. The rheol. of blank mucus and drug-loaded mucus was investigated using a rheometer. The bioavailability of CA-ME in rats was evaluated through pharmacokinetic characteristics. The ratio of optimal prescription was Tween 80: 1,2-propanediol: vitamin E oil: CA: water = 24.3:4.8:5:7.5:58.4. The droplets were uniform in size and evenly dispersed. Rheol. studies showed that the microemulsion-mucus system all exhibit pseudoplastic fluid behavior, and CA-ME increased the viscosity of the mucus to a certain extent. Compared with CA solution, CA-ME promoted the absorption of CA in various intestinal segments, especially the ileum. Pharmacokinetic experiments showed that the relative bioavailability of CA-ME was enhanced 2.5-fold higher than that of CA solution ME as a carrier for lipophobic substances, may increase the viscosity of the intestine mucus system to obtain longer residue time and better absorption. In this study, in vitro absorption Ussing model was combined with rheol. and pharmacokinetic anal. to systematically analyze the intestinal mucus mechanism of microemulsion to improve the oral bioavailability of cinnamic aldehyde. It laid the foundation for exploring the absorption and transport of drugs in the intestinal mucus barrier. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Product Details of 57-55-6).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 57-55-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A randomized controlled trial examining the effects of treatment with propylene glycol and injectable cyanocobalamin on naturally occurring disease, milk production, and reproductive outcomes of dairy cows diagnosed with concurrent hyperketonemia and hypoglycemia was written by Hubner, A. M.;Canisso, I. F.;Peixoto, P. M.;Coelho, W. M. Jr.;Ribeiro, L.;Aldridge, B. M.;Lima, F. S.. And the article was included in Journal of Dairy Science in 2022.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2 This article mentions the following:

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of treatment with propylene glycol (PG) and cyanocobalamin (B12) on health, milk production, and reproductive outcomes of cows diagnosed with hyperketonemia (HK), hypoglycemia (HG), or concurrent HKHG. Glucose and 尾-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations were assessed in whole blood using a handheld device in lactating dairy cows (n = 2,418) between 3 and 9 d postpartum. Cows categorized as HK (n = 232, BHBA 鈮?.2 mmol/L), HG (n = 161, glucose 鈮?.2 mmol/L), and concurrent HKHG (n = 204, BHBA 鈮?.2 mmol/L, and glucose 鈮?.2 mmol/L) were randomized to receive treatment or to remain untreated (control). Treatment consisted of a single dose of B12 (10 mg, i.m.) and 300 mL of PG orally for 5 d, starting on the day of cow-side testing. Milk production, health, and reproductive outcomes were analyzed according to groups. Statistical anal. was carried out using SAS version 9.4 (SAS/STAT, SAS Institute Inc.). Treatment in HG cows decreased clin. ketosis, increased milk production in the fifth week of lactation for multiparous cows, and tended to increase 305-d mature-equivalent milk yield (305ME) for primiparous cows compared with untreated cows with the same metabolic profile. For cows with HKHG, treatment increased 305ME in multiparous cows and tended to increase 305ME in primiparous cows. No differences were found for treatment among any of the metabolic groups regarding reproductive outcomes, nor were any treatment effects found among HK cows. Glycemic status may help identify metabolically challenged early postpartum dairy cows, which may have differential response to PG and B12 treatment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6Synthetic Route of C3H8O2).

1,2-Propanediol (cas: 57-55-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Synthetic Route of C3H8O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fractography of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel networks crosslinked with mechanofluorophores using confocal laser scanning microscopy was written by Stratigaki, Maria;Baumann, Christoph;van Breemen, Lambert C. A.;Heuts, Johan P. A.;Sijbesma, Rint P.;Goestl, Robert. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2020.SDS of cas: 109-17-1 This article mentions the following:

Due to their soft and brittle nature, the mech. characterization of polymer hydrogels is a difficult task employing traditional testing equipment. This paper studies poly(N-iso-Pr acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel networks with Diels-Alder adducts of 蟺-extended anthracenes as mechanofluorophore crosslinkers. After swelling the networks with varying amounts of water and subjecting them to force, the subsequent fluorescence caused by covalent bond scission is visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and the intensities is related to the macroscopic fracture mechanics and the elastic moduli recorded with traditional uniaxial compression. The sensitivity of the mechanofluorophores allowed the anal. of low levels of mech. stress produced through a hand-induced needle-puncturing process and, thus, is an alternative to conventional force application methods. The detection and precise localization of covalent bond scission through CLSM helps elucidating the interrelationship between mol. structure and the macroscopic properties of chem. crosslinked polymeric hydrogels. The micro-scale mechanophore-assisted fractog. can establish a new paradigm for the mech. anal. of soft matter in fields covering traditional polymer and life sciences. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, ((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1SDS of cas: 109-17-1).

((Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(ethane-2,1-diyl) bis(2-methylacrylate) (cas: 109-17-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 109-17-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts