Month: December 2022

Masaoka, Shin published the artcileThe synthesis of chlorosilanes from alkoxysilanes, silanols, and hydrosilanes with bulky substituents, Application of Triisopropylsilanol, the publication is Journal of Organometallic Chemistry (2006), 691(1-2), 174-181, database is CAplus.

We have found that com. important trialkylchlorosilanes can readily be synthesized by the reaction of alkoxysilanes, silanols, and hydrosilanes with aqueous concentrated hydrochloric acid. Treatment of trialkylalkoxysilanes bearing bulky alkyl substituents, such as the i-Pr, sec-Bu, tert-Bu, and cyclo-Hex group, with 35% aqueous hydrochloric acid afforded the corresponding trialkylchlorosilanes in excellent yields. Similar treatment of trialkylsilanols with 35% aqueous hydrochloric acid also gave trialkylchlorosilanes in almost quant. yields. The reaction of methyltrichlorosilane and dimethyldichlorosilane with alkyl Grignard reagents bearing a bulky alkyl group, followed by treatment of the resulting mixtures with aqueous concentrated hydrochloric acid, produced the resp. dialkylmethyl- and alkyldimethylchlorosilanes in high yields. Treatment of trialkylhydrosilanes with concentrated hydrochloric acid in the presence of a palladium catalyst afforded trialkylchlorosilanes in high yields.

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry published new progress about 17877-23-5. 17877-23-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Protection and Derivatization Reagent, name is Triisopropylsilanol, and the molecular formula is C9H22OSi, Application of Triisopropylsilanol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cleeter, Michael W. J. published the artcileChemical crosslinking of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase from bovine heart, Recommanded Product: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, the publication is Biochemical Journal (1985), 227(2), 467-74, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The structure of bovine heart mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase was investigated by using 2 cleavable crosslinking agents, disuccinimidyl tartrate and (ethylene glycol)yl bis(succinimidyl succinate). Crosslinking was analyzed primarily by immunoblotting to detect products containing subunits of the Fe-protein fraction from chaotropic resolution of the enzyme, namely those of 75, 49, 30, and 13 kilodaltons. Crosslinks were identified between these 4 subunits, from these subunits to the largest subunit of the flavoprotein fraction (which contains the active site for NADH), and from these subunits to polypeptides in the hydrophobic shell (which surrounds the hydrophilic Fe-protein and flavoprotein fractions).

Biochemical Journal published new progress about 70539-42-3. 70539-42-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class pyrrolidine,Ester,Amide,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate, and the molecular formula is C18H20N2O12, Recommanded Product: Bis(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) O,O’-ethane-1,2-diyl disuccinate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dey, Piyali published the artcileDesign and evaluation of anti-fibrosis drug engineered resealed erythrocytes for targeted delivery, Formula: C13H19Br2ClN2O, the publication is Drug Delivery and Translational Research (2019), 9(5), 997-1007, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Resealed erythrocytes (RSE) are potential, site-specific carrier system for drug delivery with prolonged drug release activity. In this study, erythrocytes obtained from Wistar albino rats were loaded with ambroxol hydrochloride (AH) with the focus to convenience the lung targeting possibility of the carrier erythrocytes. AH loading in erythrocytes using preswell dilution technique with glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent was evaluated and validated. Drug-loaded erythrocyte was characterized in terms of in vitro drug release followed by osmotic fragility study which showed amplified drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) and Hb content values as well. In vivo lung fibrosis study, rats were sensitized to egg albumin by i.p. (i.p.) injection and then inhalation in a whole body inhalation chamber. A sign of inflammation, airway sub-mucosal fibrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia was observed A series of in vivo studies were carried out to describe the effect of AH-loaded RSE including measurement of cytokines in Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) fluid and histopathol. study. AH showed a stepwise reduced level of cytokines in BAL at a different time interval after being injected of AH-loaded RSE. Furthermore, in vivo lung distribution experiments were performed for optimized formulation, and degree of distribution of the drugs inside the targeted organ was found to be satisfactory.

Drug Delivery and Translational Research published new progress about 23828-92-4. 23828-92-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Sodium Channel, name is trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C13H19Br2ClN2O, Formula: C13H19Br2ClN2O.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rai, Roopa published the artcileTemozolomide analogs with improved brain/plasma ratios – Exploring the possibility of enhancing the therapeutic index of temozolomide, Application of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2016), 26(20), 5103-5109, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Temozolomide is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used in the treatment of glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas. It acts through DNA alkylation, but treatment is limited by its systemic toxicity and neutralization of DNA alkylation by upregulation of the O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene. Both of these limiting factors can be addressed by achieving higher concentrations of TMZ in the brain. Our research has led to the discovery of new analogs of temozolomide with improved brain:plasma ratios when dosed in vivo in rats. These compounds are imidazotetrazine analogs, expected to act through the same mechanism as temozolomide. With reduced systemic exposure, these new agents have the potential to improve efficacy and therapeutic index in the treatment of glioblastoma.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 6346-09-4. 6346-09-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ether, name is 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine, and the molecular formula is C8H19NO2, Application of 4,4-Diethoxybutan-1-amine.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lei, Zhen published the artcileβ-Selective Aroylation of Activated Alkenes by Photoredox Catalysis, Name: ((3aS,5aR,8aR,8bS)-2,2,7,7-Tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-3a-yl)methanol, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2019), 58(22), 7318-7323, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Late-stage synthesis of α,β-unsaturated aryl ketones remains an unmet challenge in organic synthesis. Reported herein is a photocatalytic non-chain-radical aroyl chlorination of alkenes by a 1,3-chlorine atom shift to form β-chloroketones as masked enones that liberate the desired enones upon workup. This strategy suppresses side reactions of the enone products. The reaction tolerates a wide array of functional groups and complex mols. including derivatives of peptides, sugars, natural products, nucleosides, and marketed drugs. Notably, addition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine enhances the quantum yield and efficiency of the cross-coupling reaction. Exptl. and computational studies suggest a mechanism involving PCET (proton-coupled electron transfer), formation and reaction of an α-chloro-α-hydroxy benzyl radical, and 1,3-chlorine atom shift. Thus, e.g., irradiation of a reaction mixture containing 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride, 1,1-diphenylethylene, fac-Ir(ppy)₃ and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine in CHCl₃ in CHCl₃ with blue LEDs afforded I (85%) upon isolation.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 20880-92-6. 20880-92-6 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aliphatic Heterocyclic,Chiral,Alcohol, name is ((3aS,5aR,8aR,8bS)-2,2,7,7-Tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-3a-yl)methanol, and the molecular formula is C12H20O6, Name: ((3aS,5aR,8aR,8bS)-2,2,7,7-Tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-3a-yl)methanol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

McClelland, Robert A. published the artcileElectrophilic reactions of xanthylium carbocations produced by flash photolysis of 9-xanthenols, Quality Control of 596-38-3, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1989), 111(8), 2929-35, database is CAplus.

The xanthylium ion and eight 9-aryl derivatives (p-MeO-, p-Me-, m-Me-, H-, p-F-, m-MeO-, p-Cl-, and p-CF₃C₆H₄) were produced in 1:4 acetonitrile/water by flash photolysis of the corresponding 9-xanthenols. The identifications of the transients as xanthylium cations were based upon their characteristic absorption spectra, as well as upon experiments with time-resolved conductivity detection. Rate constants for the reactions of these cations with solvent, with four anionic nucleophiles, and with four neutral nucleophiles (primary amines) were measured. The 9-arylxanthylium ions, which have solvent rate constants (k(solv)) at 25° ranging from 11 to 34 s^-1, follow the Ritchie equation, a plot of log k(nucleophile) vs. the nucleophile N₊ parameter being linear with a slope near unity. For the more reactive parent cation, which has k(solv) at 20° of 2.3 × 10⁴ s^-1, the rate constants k(nucleophile) are more poorly correlated with N₊ and the slope is less than unity. The failure to obey the Ritchie relationship is suggested to be associated with the rate constants becoming controlled by diffusion (azide ion) or desolvation (amines).

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 596-38-3. 596-38-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Benzene,Alcohol, name is 9-Phenyl-9H-xanthen-9-ol, and the molecular formula is C19H14O2, Quality Control of 596-38-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Thorsteinson, Nels published the artcileIn silico identification of anthropogenic chemicals as ligands of zebrafish sex hormone binding globulin, Quality Control of 1139-46-4, the publication is Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (2009), 234(1), 47-57, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Anthropogenic compounds with the capacity to interact with the steroid-binding site of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) pose health risks to humans and other vertebrates including fish. Building on studies of human SHBG, the authors have applied in silico drug discovery methods to identify potential binders for SHBG in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model aquatic organism. Computational methods, including; homol. modeling, mol. dynamics simulations, virtual screening, and 3D QSAR anal., successfully identified 6 non-steroidal substances from the ZINC chem. database that bind to zebrafish SHBG (zfSHBG) with low-micromolar to nanomolar affinities, as determined by a competitive ligand-binding assay. The authors also screened 80,000 com. substances listed by the European Chems. Bureau and Environment Canada, and 6 non-steroidal hits from this in silico screen were tested exptl. for zfSHBG binding. All 6 of these compounds displaced the [³H]5α-dihydrotestosterone used as labeled ligand in the zfSHBG screening assay when tested at a 33 μM concentration, and 3 of them (hexestrol, 4-tert-octylcatechol, and dihydrobenzo(a)pyren-7(8H)-one) bind to zfSHBG in the micromolar range. The study demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale in silico screening of anthropogenic compounds that may disrupt or highjack functionally important protein:ligand interactions. Such studies could increase the awareness of hazards posed by existing com. chems. at relatively low cost.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology published new progress about 1139-46-4. 1139-46-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Benzene,Phenol, name is 4-(2,4,4-Trimethylpentan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C18H17N5O3, Quality Control of 1139-46-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Oliver-Meseguer, Judit published the artcileNanotitania catalyzes the chemoselective hydration and alkoxylation of epoxides, Recommanded Product: 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, the publication is Molecular Catalysis (2021), 111927, database is CAplus.

The com. available, inexpensive, non-toxic, solid and recyclable nanotitania catalyzed hydration and alkoxylation of epoxides, with water and primary and secondary alcs. but not with phenols, carboxylic acids and tertiary alcs was discussed. In this way, the chemoselective synthesis of different glycols and 1,4-dioxanones, and the implementation of nanotitania for the production in-flow of glycols and alkoxylated alcs., were achieved. Mechanistic studies supported the key role of vacancies in the nano-oxide catalyst.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about 90-64-2. 90-64-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Alcohol,Natural product, name is 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O3, Recommanded Product: 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Duenas-Mas, Maria Jesus published the artcileSupramolecular solvent-based microextraction probe for fast detection of bisphenols by ambient mass spectrometry, Computed Properties of 80-09-1, the publication is Chemosphere (2022), 133719, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

In this study, we investigated for the first time the suitability of supramol. solvent (SUPRAS)-based microextraction probe for the development of generic and fast sample treatment prior to qual. anal. by ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) based on ASAP (atm. solids anal. probe). SUPRAS are nanostructured liquids formed by the self-assembly of amphiphilic aggregates with multiple binding sites and microenvironments of different polarity for the efficient extraction of multiple compounds Different types of SUPRAS were evaluated as a simple and single step sample treatment for ASAP. The method was applied to the screening of bisphenol A and structural analogs in thermal paper. Optimal results were achieved with SUPRAS synthesized with 1-decanol in mixtures of ethanol:water. SUPRAS (1.1-2μL) were loaded onto glass probes and placed in contact with samples for 10 s before ASAP anal. AMS signal peaks (width: 0.2-0.5 min) were easily integrated and normalized with internal standards (RSD: 2-25%). The method was applied to 62 samples of thermal paper. BPA and BPS were the most widely used, this highlighting the progressive industrial replacement of BPA by BPS.

Chemosphere published new progress about 80-09-1. 80-09-1 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Ploymers, name is 4,4′-Sulfonyldiphenol, and the molecular formula is C12H10O4S, Computed Properties of 80-09-1.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Santana, Alisson da Silva published the artcileSynergism between essential oils, promising alternative to control Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Recommanded Product: cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-Ol, the publication is Crop Protection (2022), 105882, database is CAplus.

Combinations of essential oils (EOs) are promising alternatives for pest management in storage grains. A high diversity of compounds in EOs and EO mixtures can increase their toxicity. Addnl., EOs can be useful in insecticide resistance programs. For this reason, we evaluated the fumigant toxicity and repellent effects of six essential oils (Dysphania ambrosioides, DA; Pelargonium graveolens, PE; Piper arboreum, PA; Piper diospyrifolium, PD; Piper gaudichaudianum, PG; and Piper tuberculatum, PT) sep. and in binary combinations against adults of Sitophilus zeamais (the maize weevil). First, the insecticidal activity of all possible combinations of the six EOs were assessed. Next, the concentrations needed to cause 50% and 90% mortality (LC50 and LC90, resp.) in the S. zeamais population were determined for the most toxic EOs and mixtures After that, the synergistic effect of the mixtures was also verified. Finally, the most toxic treatments were assessed to determine the time required to cause mortality of 50% of the population and check the repellent effects on S. zeamais. The binary mixtures of DA and PE, PT, PG, PD, and PA were the most toxic against S. zeamais. The LC50 and LC90 values for these treatments ranged between 1.77 and 2.25μL L-1 and from 2.42 to 7.64μL L-1, resp. The mixtures were more toxic than the EOs tested sep., which indicates the occurrence of synergistic effects. All treatments caused mortality of 50% of the population of S. zeamais in less than 42 h of exposure. In addition, the combinations DA + PE, DA + PT, DA + PG, and DA + PA were repellent to S. zeamais. Based on these results, we conclude that the mixtures of EOs evaluated in this study are highly promising for the control of S. zeamais populations and can also be used for resistance management of this species.

Crop Protection published new progress about 106-25-2. 106-25-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Natural product, name is cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-Ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Recommanded Product: cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-Ol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts