Month: December 2022

Hernandez, Marita published the artcileEffect of 4-trifluoromethyl derivatives of salicylate on nuclear factor κB-dependent transcription in human astrocytoma cells, Quality Control of 328-90-5, the publication is British Journal of Pharmacology (2001), 132(2), 547-555, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The effect of two derivatives of salicylate, 2-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (HTB) and 2-acetoxy-4-trifluoromethylbenzoic acid (triflusal), on the expression of several proteins displaying proinflammatory activities the regulation of which is associated to the transcription factor NF-κB, was assayed in the human astrocytoma cell line 1321N1. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated NF-κB as judged from both the appearance of κB-binding activity in the nuclear extracts, the degradation of IκB proteins in the cell lyzates, and the activation of IκB kinases using an immunocomplex kinase assay with glutathione S-transferase (GST)-IκB proteins as substrates. HTB up to 3 mM did not inhibit the nuclear translocation of NK-κB/Rel proteins as judged from electrophoretic mobility-shift assays; however, HTB inhibited the degradation of IκBβ without significantly affecting the degradation of both IκBα and IκBε. In keeping with their inhibitory effect on IκBβ degradation in the cell lyzates, both HTB and triflusal inhibited the phosphorylation of GST-IκBβ elicited by TNF-α, without affecting the phosphorylation of GST-IκBα. The effect of both HTB and triflusal on κB-dependent trans-activation was studied by assaying the expression of both cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular cell adhesion mol.-1 (VCAM-1). HTB and triflusal inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the expression of COX-2 and VCAM-1 mRNA and the induction of COX-2 protein at therapeutically relevant concentrations These findings show the complexity of the biochem. mechanisms underlying the activation of NF-κB in the different cell types and extend the anti-inflammatory effects of HTB and triflusal to neural cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology published new progress about 328-90-5. 328-90-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Trifluoromethyl,Fluoride,Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Phenol, name is 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H5F3O3, Quality Control of 328-90-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sutter, Marc published the artcileSelective Synthesis of 1-O-Alkyl(poly)glycerol Ethers by Catalytic Reductive Alkylation of Carboxylic Acids with a Recyclable Catalytic System, SDS of cas: 70445-33-9, the publication is ChemSusChem (2012), 5(12), 2397-2409, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

(Poly)glycerol monoethers were synthesized in good yield and selectivity by the catalytic reductive alkylation of glycerol, diglycerol, and triglycerol with readily available, cheap and/or bio-sourced carboxylic acids. The reaction was catalyzed by 1 mol % of Pd/C under 50 bar H₂ using an acid ion-exchange resin as a recyclable cocatalyst. The catalytic system was recycled several times, and a mechanism is proposed for this transformation.

ChemSusChem published new progress about 70445-33-9. 70445-33-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 3-((2-Ethylhexyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C10H9ClN2O, SDS of cas: 70445-33-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sutter, Marc published the artcile1,2,3-Trimethoxypropane and Glycerol Ethers as Biosource Solvents from Glycerol. Synthesis by Solvent-Free Phase-Transfer Catalysis and Utilization as an Alternative Solvent in Chemical Transformations, Quality Control of 70445-33-9, the publication is ChemCatChem (2013), 5(10), 2893-2904, database is CAplus.

1,2,3-Trimethoxypropane, 1-alkoxy-2,3-dimethoxypropane and 1-aryloxy-2,3-dimethoxypropane were prepared in good yields and selectivity by a solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysis in the presence of an inorganic base and an ammonium salt as a phase-transfer catalyst with no addnl. solvent. No heating was required and the synthesis of the target compounds was achieved easily under atm. pressure on a 150 g scale. For the preparation of 1,2,3-trimethoxypropane, the conversion of glycerol was complete and the selectivity for the expected glycerol tri-Me ether was above 95%. This product was used as a solvent in organic reactions such as a transesterification between glycerol and vegetable oil, organometallic reactions (Grignard- and Barbier-type reactions), carbon-carbon coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, Heck) and in etherification reactions by dehydrogenative alkylation. The solvent showed interesting properties for the solubilization of polymers.

ChemCatChem published new progress about 70445-33-9. 70445-33-9 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is 3-((2-Ethylhexyl)oxy)propane-1,2-diol, and the molecular formula is C6H12Br2, Quality Control of 70445-33-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lacroix, Pauline M. published the artcileHPLC and NMR methods for the quantitation of the (R)-enantiomer in (-)-(S)-timolol maleate drug raw materials, Recommanded Product: 4-Morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-ol, the publication is Chirality (1994), 6(6), 484-91, database is CAplus.

HPLC and ¹N-NMR methods for the quantitation of the (R)-enantiomer in (-)-(S)-timolol maleate were developed and validated. The HPLC method requires a 25 cm × 4.6 nm 5 μm Chiracel OD-H (cellulose tris-3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) column, a mobile phase of 0.2% (volume/volume) diethylamine and 4% (volume/volume) isopropanol in hexane at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 297 nm. A system suitability test was devised to verify the separation of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of timolol from other drug-related impurities. The NMR method requires the use of a high-field NMR spectrometer (> 360 MHz) and a chiral solvating agent, (-)-(R)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthrylethanol)(R-TFAE). The limits of quantitation were 0.5% and 0.2% (m/m) for HPLC and NMR, resp. The methods were applied to the determination of the (R)-enantiomer in eight lots of raw material. The results for the two methods were in very good agreement, with results ranging from 0.1 to 4.1% (m/m) by HPLC and none detected to 4.3% (m/m) by NMR. The USP method for sp. rotation was found to be unsuitable for detecting the presence of low levels of the (R)-enantiomer in (-)-(S)-timolol maleate.

Chirality published new progress about 30165-97-0. 30165-97-0 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Morpholine,Thiadiazole,Alcohol, name is 4-Morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-ol, and the molecular formula is C6H9N3O2S, Recommanded Product: 4-Morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-ol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Braddock, D. Christopher published the artcileMethyltrimethoxysilane (MTM) as a Reagent for Direct Amidation of Carboxylic Acids, Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, the publication is Organic Letters (2022), 24(5), 1175-1179, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Methyltrimethoxysilane [MTM, CH₃Si(OMe)₃] was demonstrated an effective, inexpensive, and safe reagent for direct amidation of carboxylic acids with amines. Two simple workup procedures that provided the pure amide product R¹C(O)N(R²)R³ [R¹ = Ph, Bn, 4-IC₆H₄, etc.; R² = Me, Et, Ph, etc.; R³ = H, Me, Et, MeO; R²R³ = (CH₂)₅, O(CH₂)₄]without the need for further purification was developed. First employed an aqueous base-mediated annihilation of MTM. Second involved simple product crystallization from the reaction mixture provides a low process mass intensity direct amidation protocol.

Organic Letters published new progress about 90-64-2. 90-64-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Alcohol,Natural product, name is 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C8H8O3, Safety of 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Eswaramoorthy, Senthil Kumar published the artcileAtomically Precise Palladium Nanoclusters with 21 and 38 Pd Atoms Protected by Phenylethanethiol, Application In Synthesis of 4410-99-5, the publication is Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2022), 126(1), 444-450, database is CAplus.

Monolayer thiolate-protected nanoclusters (MPCs) are extensively studied due to their distinctive properties. The at. precision in MPCs, especially in gold MPCs, is determined through mass spectrometry, which leads to the accurate identification of metal-ligand composition The total structure determination of gold and silver MPCs using ScXRD revolutionized the field by providing insights into the structural arrangement at an at. level. The synthesis of atomically precise MPCs using other metals like palladium (Pd) to study and compare properties is tedious and complex. In one end, larger size monodisperse Pd nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and studied for various catalytic properties. Meanwhile, on the other end, a small-mol. tiara-like Pd-thiolate complex was reported. However, at. precise Pd MPCs in the middle and its detailed studies are not yet explored. Here, we report the synthesis and identification of atomically precise phenylethanethiol-protected Pd₂₁(SCH₂CH₂Ph)₁₈ and Pd₃₈(SCH₂CH₂Ph)₂₁S₂ Pd nanoclusters. The size distribution is confirmed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectra (MALDI-MS), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) confirms the composition through the isotopically resolved peak. The XPS spectra elucidate the cluster formation in smaller size.

Journal of Physical Chemistry C published new progress about 4410-99-5. 4410-99-5 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiol,Benzene, name is 2-Phenylethanethiol, and the molecular formula is C8H10S, Application In Synthesis of 4410-99-5.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mahor, Sunil published the artcileMannosylated Polyethyleneimine-Hyaluronan Nanohybrids for Targeted Gene Delivery to Macrophage-Like Cell Lines, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, the publication is Bioconjugate Chemistry (2012), 23(6), 1138-1148, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Nonviral gene delivery systems have a number of limitations including low transfection efficiency, specificity, and cytotoxicity, especially when the target cells are macrophages. To address these issues, the hypothesis tested in this study was that mannose functionalized nanohybrids composed of synthetic and natural polymers will improve transfection efficiency, cell viability, and cell specificity in macrophages. Robust nanohybrids were designed from hyaluronic acid (HA) and branched polyethyleneimine (bPEI) using carbodiimide chem. The reaction product, i.e., branched polyethyleneimine-hyaluronic acid (bPEI-HA) copolymer was subsequently functionalized with mannose at the terminal end of the copolymer to obtain mannosylated-bPEI-HA (Man-bPEI-HA) copolymer. UV spectroscopy and gel retardation studies confirmed the formation of polyplexes at polymer to DNA weight ratio ≥2. Alamar Blue and MTT assay revealed that the cytotoxicity of the developed nanohybrids were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that of unmodified bPEI. Mannose functionalization of these nanohybrids showed specificity for both murine and human macrophage-like cell lines RAW 264.7 and human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP1), resp., with a significant level (P < 0.05) of expression of gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and green fluorescent reporter plasmids. Internalization studies indicate that a mannose mediated endocytic pathway is responsible for this higher transfection rate. These results suggest that hyaluronan-based mannosylated nanohybrids could be used as efficient carriers for targeted gene delivery to macrophages.

Bioconjugate Chemistry published new progress about 96345-79-8. 96345-79-8 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Sugar Units,Gal and Man, name is (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol, and the molecular formula is C13H15NO6S, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Koner, Anamika published the artcileAttraction of the Biocontrol Agent, Galerucella placida Towards Volatile Blends of Two Polygonaceae Weeds, Rumex dentatus and Polygonum glabrum, Safety of cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-Ol, the publication is Journal of Chemical Ecology (2022), 48(2), 165-178, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The Polygonaceae weed, Rumex dentatus L. grows in association with wheat, mustard and potato, while Polygonum glabrum Willd. grows in association with rice in India. Both larvae and adults of Galerucella placida Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) voraciously consume these weeds. Applications of synthetic herbicides to control weeds are harmful to the environment including beneficial organisms. We propose to find volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from both weeds causing attraction of the biocontrol agent, G. placida, in order to attempt to use the insect as a biol. weed control. Behavioral responses of G. placida towards volatile blends characteristic of undamaged (UD), insect-damaged (ID), jasmonic acid-treated (JA) or mech.-damaged (MD) plants were conducted by Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Cuminaldehyde was predominant in VOCs of UD R. dentatus, ID P. glabrum, and both JA and MD R. dentatus and P. glabrum. Geraniol was predominant in VOCs of UD P. glabrum, while 1,3-diethylbenzene predominated in VOCs of ID R. dentatus. Females were more attracted towards volatile blends of ID plants compared to UD or JA plants. Females did not show attraction towards volatile blends of JA plants. We identified two bioactive synthetics blends, one comprised of seven compounds – 16.65μg 1,3-diethylbenzene, 10.72μg acetophenone, 6.52μg 2,6-(E,Z)-nonadienal, 2.46μg 1-nonanol, 4.19μg decanal, 9.86μg 4-ethylacetophenone and 3.34μg 1-hexadecene dissolved in 25μl CH₂Cl₂ and the other containing five compounds – 2.50μg 2-octanol, 6.84μg limonene, 0.64μg dodecane, 6.63μg 4-ethylacetophenone and 0.24μg geranyl acetone dissolved in 25μl CH₂Cl₂. These two blends of volatile compounds could be used to attract the biocontrol agent during early vegetative period of these two weeds, which could lead to eradication of weeds from crop fields.

Journal of Chemical Ecology published new progress about 106-25-2. 106-25-2 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Natural product, name is cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-Ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Safety of cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-Octadien-1-Ol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Minto, Robert E. published the artcileLaser flash photolysis study of photodehydroxylation phenomena of 9-phenylxanthen-9-ol and photobehavior of related intermediates. Enhanced electrophilicity of 9-phenylxanthenium cation singlet, Recommanded Product: 9-Phenyl-9H-xanthen-9-ol, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (1989), 111(24), 8858-66, database is CAplus.

In the course of 248-nm laser flash photolysis, solutions of 9-phenylxanthen-9-ol (I) undergo homolytic and heterolytic photodehydroxylation, the relative efficiency of which depends strongly on the solvent nature. Polar/hydroxylic solvents, especially aqueous mixtures, cause copious formation of 9-phenylxanthenium cation (II), the ground- and excited-state properties of which are conveniently studied by single- and double-laser flash photolysis. In 1:1 H₂O/MeCN, the quantum yield of carbenium ion generation is 0.4 ± 0.1, only 2% of which evolves through an adiabatic route. In polar but nonhydroxylic solvents (e.g., MeCN and CH₂ClCH₂Cl) also, the cation is photogenerated in small yields sufficient for time-resolved spectroscopic detection and study in these relatively neutral and inert media. In relatively nonpolar solvents, e.g., n-heptane and C₆H₆, photolysis of I is dominated by homolytic cleavage to 9-phenylxanthenyl radical III. The short-lived triplets of I (τ_T ≤ 0.3 μs) are also observed in nonaqueous solvents (ϕ_T = 0.05 in MeCN). In comparison to the weak, fast-decaying, double-doublet fluorescence of III (λ_max^F = 590 nm, τ_F ≤ 5 ns), the singlet-singlet fluorescence from II is intense and long-lived (λ_max^F = 550 nm, τ_F = 25 ns in MeCN in the absence of nucleophilic quenchers) and is almost nonquenchable by oxygen (k_q ≤ 5 × 10⁸M^-1 s^-1). The electrophilicity of the lowest excited singlet state of II, measured in terms of rate constants (k_q) of bimol. quenching by anions and lone-pair containing mols., is considerably more pronounced than that of the ground state (i.e., k_q‘s are higher for the excited state by several orders of magnitude).

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 596-38-3. 596-38-3 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Other Aromatic Heterocyclic,Benzene,Alcohol, name is 9-Phenyl-9H-xanthen-9-ol, and the molecular formula is C19H14O2, Recommanded Product: 9-Phenyl-9H-xanthen-9-ol.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Prabhu, Padmavathi P. published the artcileMethod development and validation for the estimation of ambroxol HCl in pharmaceutical dosage form, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the publication is International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (2018), 9(6), 2550-2553, database is CAplus.

Rapid, sensitive, specific and validated colorimetric methods have been developed for the quant. estimation of ambroxol HCl in bulk and dosage form. The current method was developed based on oxidation of ambroxol with Gibb’s reagent (method I) and p-diethyl amino benzaldehyde in toluene (method II). The formed intense color complex was measured at 537.2 nm and 438.4 nm resp. Under optimized exptl. conditions, Beer’s law is obeyed in concentration range 5 – 30 μg/mL for both the methods with regression co-efficient 0.9994 and 0.9992. Recovery studies were conducted by standard addition method to confirm the accuracy of the method. The LOD and LOQ for the estimation of ambroxol were found as 0.0773, 0.2343 for method I and 0.0667, 0.2021 for method II resp. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research published new progress about 23828-92-4. 23828-92-4 belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Sodium Channel, name is trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol hydrochloride, and the molecular formula is C13H19Br2ClN2O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts