Month: November 2022

Role of graphene oxide and functionalized graphene oxide in protective hybrid coatings was written by Alrashed, Maher M.;Soucek, Mark D.;Jana, Sadhan C.. And the article was included in Progress in Organic Coatings in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work evaluates the performance of hybrid coatings of polyurethane/polysiloxane filled with graphene oxide as replacement of chromate conversion coatings for protection of 2024-T3 aluminum alloys. The polysiloxanes in the hybrid coating form strong covalent bonds with the metal surfaces and inhibit corrosion, polyurethanes provide mech. and optical properties, and graphene oxide and isocyanate-treated graphene oxide particles reduce oxygen and moisture diffusion through the coatings. The corrosion performance evaluated using electrochem. impedance spectroscopy and filiform corrosion test indicates the following trends. The hybrid coatings filled with isocyanate-treated graphene oxide particles show lower resistance to corrosion compared to hybrid coatings without graphene oxide, although oxygen diffusion and water vapor transmission are reduced by resp. 50% and 10% in the presence of only 0.67 weight% graphene oxide. It is revealed that graphene oxide and isocyanate-treated graphene oxide particles promote polysiloxane condensation on particle surfaces, thereby effectively reducing a part of polysiloxanes that form continuous corrosion-protective layers on the aluminum alloy surface. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dual effect: high NADH levels contribute to efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance but drive lethality mediated by reactive oxygen species was written by Arce-Rodriguez, Alejandro;Pankratz, Debbie;Preusse, Matthias;Nikel, Pablo I.;Haeussler, Susanne. And the article was included in mBio in 2022.Product Details of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In light of the antibiotic crisis, emerging strategies to sensitize bacteria to available antibiotics should be explored. Several studies on the mechanisms of killing suggest that bactericidal antibiotic activity is enforced through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS-lethality hypothesis). Here, we artificially manipulated the redox homeostasis of the model opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa using specific enzymes that catalyze either the formation or oxidation of NADH. Increased NADH levels led to the activation of antibiotic efflux pumps and high levels of antibiotic resistance. However, higher NADH levels also resulted in increased intracellular ROS and amplified antibiotic killing. Our results demonstrate that growth inhibition and killing activity are mediated via different mechanisms. Furthermore, the profound changes in bioenergetics produced low-virulence phenotypes characterized by reduced interbacterial signaling controlled pathogenicity traits. Our results pave the way for a more effective infection resolution and add an antivirulence strategy to maximize chances to combat devastating P. aeruginosa infections while reducing the overall use of antibiotics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Product Details of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Product Details of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Three-in-one type fluorescent sensor based on a pyrene pyridoxal cascade for the selective detection of Zn(II), hydrogen phosphate and cysteine was written by Upadhyay, Yachana;Anand, Thangaraj;Babu, Lavanya Thilak;Paira, Priyankar;Crisponi, Guido;S K, Ashok Kumar;Kumar, Rajender;Sahoo, Suban K.. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2018.Product Details of 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A novel fluorescent receptor L was synthesized by Schiff base condensation of 1-pyrenemethylamine with the vitamin B₆ cofactor pyridoxal. The receptor L is highly selective and sensitive towards Zn²⁺ ions among other tested metal ions. Upon interaction with Zn²⁺, the receptor L showed a distinct fluorescence enhancement at 485 nm due to the excimer formation leading to the fluorescent color change from blue to bluish-green. Subsequently, when the in situ generated ZnL₂ complex interacted with various anions and amino acids, the addition of H₂PO₄^– and cysteine reinstated the fluorescence of the receptor L due to the demetalation of Zn²⁺ from the ZnL₂ complex. Accordingly, the receptor L was developed for the highly selective, specific and sensitive detection of three important bioactive analytes, i.e., Zn²⁺, H₂PO₄^– and cysteine with a detection limit down to 2.3 × 10^-6 M, 2.18 × 10^-7 M and 1.59 × 10^-7 M, resp. Addnl., the receptor L was applied to the detection of intracellular Zn²⁺ ions in live HeLa cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Product Details of 65-22-5).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Product Details of 65-22-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Metabolomic profiling of brassinolide and abscisic acid in response to high-temperature stress was written by Lv, Jinhua;Dong, Tianyu;Zhang, Yanping;Yu, Ku;Zheng, Ting;Jia, Haifeng;Fang, Jinggui. And the article was included in Plant Cell Reports in 2022.Synthetic Route of C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hormone treatment enhanced the content of osmotic substances under high-temperature conditions. The effect of ABA and BR treated sep. is better than treated together. To determine the effect of abscisic acid (ABA), brassinolide (BR) and ABA + BR on grape quality under high-temperature stress, various metabolites were analyzed. Compared with the control (CK), DL-tryptophan, D-raffinose, geniposidic acid, dodecanedioic acid and polyphenols were found to be higher after ABA treatment. After BR treatment, amino acids and poricoic acid B were higher than in CK. And carbohydrates and amino acids were up-regulated after ABA + BR treatment. BR and ABA + BR treatment also induced higher endogenous ABA and epibrassinolide contents. In addition, treated grape had higher soluble solid concentrations and soluble sugar content, and delayed the degradation of middle lamella and microfibrils. Antioxidant and heat shock-related genes were examined, which significantly increased in treated grape. The finding of this study suggested that ABA, BR and ABA + BR are very useful for alleviating high-temperature damage by increasing the accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances, and endogenous hormones content. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Synthetic Route of C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Synthetic Route of C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Procyanidin B2 inhibits angiogenesis and cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway was written by Sun, Qiurong;Zhang, Taiyang;Xiao, Qingchun;Mei, Bingxin;Zhang, Xingwang. And the article was included in Bioengineered in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aimed to explore the therapy role of procyanidin B2 (PB2) in inhibiting angiogenesis and cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma. After oral mucosa epithelial cell (OMEC) and human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line (SCC-25) were treated with PB2 or SCC-25 were treated with PB2 and rhVEGF, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the cell viability. The apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of SCC-25 after indicated treatment were detected by Tunel, wound healing, transwell and tube formation assays. The protein expression related to apoptosis, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and changed expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling was analyzed by Western blot. As a result, PB2 inhibited viability, invasion, migration and EMT and promoted apoptosis of SCC-25 cells. In addition, PB2 inhibited VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling and tumor itangiogenesis in OSCC. As expected, activation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling suppressed the effect of PB2 on growth and metastasis of OSCC cells. In conclusion, PB2 inhibited the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway to suppress the angiogenesis and cell growth of SCC-25 cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enhanced bioavailability and anti-hyperglycemic activity of young apple polyphenols by complexation with whey protein isolates was written by Li, Dan;Yang, Yongli;Yang, Xi;Wang, Zichao;Yao, Xiaolin;Guo, Yurong. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aims to evaluate the effects of complexation of whey protein isolate (WPI) and young apple polyphenols (YAP) on the bioavailability and anti-hyperglycemic activity of YAP. Two types of WPI-YAP complexes were fabricated by mixing WPI with YAP at 25°C (WPI-YAP) and 90°C (WPI-YAP-H), resp. The intermol. interactions between WPI and YAP were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and CD analyses. The in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of YAP were determined using a simulated gastrointestinal digestion and human Caco-2 cells model. It was found that the total polyphenols transport efficiency was improved from 39.8% (YAP) to 48.2% (WPI-YAP) and 56.1% (WPI-YAP-H), indicating that the bioavailability of YAP was improved by complexation with WPI. Besides, after complexation with WPI, YAP displayed an improved in vivo effect on alleviating the increase in postprandial blood glucose level than the pure YAP, with WPI-YAP-H showing a better effect. This finding indicates that co-complexation of YAP with WPI is an effective way to improve the functionality of YAP, and the WPI-YAP complexes are also expected to have potential application in designing YAP-containing functional foods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polygonum cuspidatum glycoside mitigated LPS-induced human endometrial stromal cell inflammation by regulating NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway-related proteins was written by Wang, Wenjuan;Xiong, Zhengfang;Zeng, Xianghui. And the article was included in Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2022.Reference of 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To study the influence of polydatin on LPS-provoked human endometrial stromal cell inflammation, and its mechanism of action. Fifty ICR female mice were selected and assigned to control and three-dose polydatin groups. Before establishment of the model, mice in low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group were given polydatin at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, resp., by oral gavage for 5 days. Protein expression levels of interleukin 1β (IL-1 β), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) level, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) and nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-2 κB) were determined with Western blot assay. Model group mice protein levels of NF- κB and nrf-2 were significantly reduced, relative to the corresponding control values (p < 0.05). The NF-κB and NRF-2 proteins in model group were markedly up-regulated, relative to control group, but they were and dose-dependently lower in the 3 polydatin groups than in control (p < 0.05). Polydatin reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response in mouse endometrial stromal cells, and promotes the repair of endometrium and regeneration of glands via a mechanism related to regulation of NF-κ B/Nrf2 signaling pathway-related proteins. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Reference of 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Reference of 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Analysis of aroma components in fruit development period of “muscat” was written by Zhang, Cun-zhi;Liu, Jing;Zhang, Hong;Wei, Peng;Zhang, Hong-sheng;Cheng, Qian. And the article was included in Anhui Nongye Kexue in 2022.Product Details of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Headspace solid phase microextraction (HSPME) was used to extract the aroma components from six different development stages of grape, and the components were determined and analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal the change rule of aroma components and content in different development stages. The results showed that 60 kinds of aroma components were detected in the grape fruits of “Muscat”, and the aroma components and their contents varied greatly in different development stages of the fruit. Among them, the most changed linalool, the relative content increased rapidly from 3.24% in the late color transition period to 55.26% in the maturity period, followed by C₁₃ alkanes, the relative content surged from 1.63% in the pre-color conversion to 18.84% in the late color conversion stage, an increase of 10.56 times, then rapidly decreased, and disappeared in the maturity period, which was neg. correlated with the change of linalool. Terpenoids were the main aroma of “Muscat” grapes, of which linalool was the most important component, and the pre-color transition-the late color transition was the synthesis period of the precursor substances of the aroma components. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Product Details of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of consumer products chemicals ingredients and their mixtures on the estrogen receptor/androgen receptor transcriptional activation was written by Lee, Handule;Park, Juyoung;Park, Kwangsik. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2022.Recommanded Product: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Unlike the environmental pollutants or industrial chems., the chems. in consumer products may pose higher levels of risks, depending on how the chems. are used in the products and how humans interact with the products. Recently, endocrine disrupting chems. in cosmetics, personal care products, cleaners, sunscreens, and vinyl products were anal. quantified and many active chems. including phthalates, parabens and bisphenols were detected. This indicates a wide range of exposures from common products. In this study, 35 chems. known to be ingredients of consumer products were selected and screened for the transactivation of estrogen receptors and androgen receptors. From the results of individual chems., the activity of binary/ternary mixture prepared from the agonists for the ER transcription activity was measured, and compared to the predicted values obtained by the full logistic model. The measured and the predicted values were found to be very similar. This study may suggest that prediction of mixture activity by proper models would be one of the supportive tools for the risk assessment and sound regulation of chem. mixtures which have potential endocrine disrupting effects in consumer products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Recommanded Product: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Recommanded Product: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Development of smart epoxy coating through click reaction using a vegetable oil was written by Ramezanpour, Javad;Ataei, Shahla;Khorasani, Saied Nouri. And the article was included in Progress in Organic Coatings in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Two-component microcapsules of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil as a healing agent and trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) as hardener, were encapsulated with the poly(Me methacrylate) shell by solvent evaporation method. The chem. structure and morphologies of the core/shell microcapsules were confirmed using Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy and Field emission SEM, resp. The thermal properties of the microcapsules were investigated through thermogravimetric anal. FE-SEM confirmed that both types of microcapsules have a spherical shape with an average diameter of approx. 6.2μm. The two-component microcapsules were included in epoxy resin, and the healing performance of the system was assessed. From Electrochem. impedance spectroscopy and salt spray test, the best self-healing performance was obtained for 0.5 wt% two-component microcapsules. For epoxy coatings containing 0.5 weight% of microcapsules, after five months of exposure under salt water 3.5%, no corrosion effect was observed on the epoxy coating, indicating that there are enough high-performance materials in the microcapsules to heal cracks and the click reaction has been a very effective reaction to create this healing resin. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Electric Literature of C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts