Month: November 2022

The effect of pulsed electric fields pre-treatment on the volatile and phenolic profiles of Merlot grape musts at different winemaking stages and the sensory characteristics of the finished wines was written by Arcena, Mylene Ross;Leong, Sze Ying;Then, Stephanie;Hochberg, Martin;Sack, Martin;Mueller, Georg;Sigler, Juergen;Kebede, Biniam;Silcock, Patrick;Oey, Indrawati. And the article was included in Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies in 2021.Formula: C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study investigated the effect of pulsed elec. fields (PEF) applied at different elec. field strengths (up to 41.5 kV/cm) and energy inputs (up to 49.4 kJ/kg) on the volatile and phenolic profiles of Merlot grapes at different stages of winemaking. Immediately after PEF treatment, greater amounts of anthocyanins and phenolics (e.g., catechin) were extracted while 2-hexenal (green aroma) was detected in lower concentrations in PEF-treated musts. At completion of alc. and malolactic fermentations, high-energy PEF treatment generally produced wines with increased anthocyanins, stilbenoids, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids. A trained sensory panel assessed the sensory attributes of the finished wines using descriptive anal. It was found that those Merlot wines vinified with PEF-treated grapes possessed higher intensities of blackcurrant flavor and odor. The intensity of spice flavor in the Merlot wines also differed significantly between the wines. Overall, PEF treatment has the capability to provide winemakers the means to tailor the extraction of phenolic compounds towards the creation of red wines with distinct sensory characteristics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Formula: C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A novel Schiff base derivative of pyridoxal for the optical sensing of Zn²⁺ and cysteine was written by Anand, Thangaraj;Kumar, Ashok S. K.;Sahoo, Suban K.. And the article was included in Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences in 2018.Safety of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An easy to prepare novel vitamin B6 cofactor derivative 3-hydroxy-N’-((3 hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl)methylene)-2-naphthohydrazide (NPY) was synthesized by a one pot condensation reaction of pyridoxal with 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic hydrazide and applied for the optical detection of Zn²⁺ and cysteine in the aqueous DMSO medium. The addition of Zn²⁺ ions leads to a selective blue-shift in the fluorescence emission spectrum of NPY from 530 nm to 475 nm, which allowed ratiometric detection of Zn²⁺ ions down to 8.73 × 10^-7 M without any interference from other tested metal ions. This system was also successfully applied to detect intracellular Zn²⁺ ions in live HeLa cells. Further, when the in situ generated NPY·Zn²⁺ complex was interacted with various amino acids, the addition of cysteine resulted in an instantaneous color change from light yellow to colorless and the absorbance at 435 nm of the complex was quenched selectively. Also, the fluorescence of the NPY·Zn²⁺ complex was quenched, which allowed the detection of cysteine down to 6.63 × 10^-7 M. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Safety of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Safety of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lipid and Protein Transfer between Nanolipoprotein Particles and Supported Lipid Bilayers was written by Dang, Amanda T.;He, Wei;Ivey, Daniela B.;Coleman, Matthew A.;Kuhl, Tonya L.. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2019.Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A nanolipoprotein particle (NLP) is a lipid bilayer disk stabilized by two amphipathic “scaffold” apolipoproteins. It has been most notably utilized as a tool for solubilizing a variety of membrane proteins while preserving structural and functional properties. Transfer of functional proteins from NLPs into model membrane systems such as supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) would enable new opportunities for example: Two-dimensional protein crystallization and studies on protein-protein interactions. This work used fluorescence microscopy (FM) and at. force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the interaction between NLPs and SLBs. When incubated with SLBs, NLPs were found to spontaneously deliver lipid and protein cargo. The impact of membrane composition on lipid exchange was explored, revealing a pos. correlation between the magnitude of lipid transfer and concentration of defects in the target SLB. Incorporation of lipids capable of binding specifically to polyhistidine tags encoded into the apolipoproteins also boosted transfer of NLP cargo. Optimal conditions for lipid and protein delivery from NLPs to SLBs are proposed based on interaction mechanisms. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Name: (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Vitamin-B6 Schiff base dioxovanadium(V) complex for targeted visible light-induced anticancer activity was written by Kumar, Arun;Banerjee, Samya;Mukherjee, Sanjoy;Chakravarty, Akhil R.. And the article was included in Indian Journal of Chemistry in 2017.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A dioxovanadium(V) complex of vitamin-B6 Schiff base [VO2L] (1) (where H2L·HCl is 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(((2-hydroxyphenyl)imino)methyl)-2-methylpyridin-1-ium chloride) has been prepared and structurally characterized. Its photo-induced cytotoxicity and mechanism of cell death has been studied. Single crystal X-ray structure shows five-coordinate square-pyramidal geometry of the complex having the dianionic O,N,O-donor tridentate vitamin-B6 Schiff base and two cis-oriented oxo ligands bound to V(V). DFT study shows the HOMO located on the amino-phenolic moiety, while the LUMO is on the protonated aromatic unit, i.e., the pyridiniumphenolate moiety. Vitamin-B6 transporting membrane carrier (VTC) pathway seems to be responsible for the higher cellular uptake and activity of the complex into the cervical HeLa and breast cancer MCF-7 cells in preference to the normal embryonic fibroblast 3T3 cells. The complex exhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated apoptotic photocytotoxicity in visible light of 400-700 nm in the cancer cells (IC50: ∼16μM), while being essentially non-toxic in the dark. Alk. Comet assay shows damage of the nuclear DNA. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Leek or garlic a chemical evaluation of elephant garlic volatiles was written by Ascrizzi, Roberta;Flamini, Guido. And the article was included in Molecules in 2020.Related Products of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

“Aglione della Valdichiana” is listed among the Traditional Agronomic and Edible Products of Italy, as it is a typical product of the Chiana Valley (Tuscany, Italy). It is also known as “elephant garlic”, due to the dimension of its cloves, and, other than in the Italian Mediterranean area, its presence is also reported in North Africa and Southwest Asia. The current botanical classification identifies it as a leek variety (Allium ampeloprasum L.), although its appearance, except for its larger dimensions, resembles that of garlic. In the present study, the spontaneous volatile emission of whole and cut cloves of “Aglione della Valdichiana” (elephant garlic), garlic, and leek has been profiled by headspace solid phase micro-extraction The results have been subjected to statistical analyses (anal. of variance, hierarchical cluster, and principal component anal.) to assess whether the chem. profile confirmed the botanical proximity of elephant garlic and leek, rather than garlic. The phytochem. volatiles evaluation indicated a higher proximity of elephant garlic to garlic, rather than leek, at least for the Chiana Valley specimen analyzed in this study. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Related Products of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Related Products of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Influencing the Product Distribution in Citral Hydrogenation Using Ionic Liquid Modified Cu Catalysts was written by Naicker, Letisha;Schorner, Markus;Kremitzl, Daniel;Friedrich, Holger B.;Haumann, Marco;Wasserscheid, Peter. And the article was included in ChemCatChem in 2022.COA of Formula: C10H22O The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work shows the effect of selected ionic liquids on the catalytic performance of a Cu/Al₂O₃ catalyst towards citral hydrogenation. The Cu/Al₂O₃ was prepared using a combination of wet impregnation and strong electrostatic interaction technique. The catalyst was coated with three ionic liquids, namely: [C₄C₁Pyrr][OTf], [C₂C₁C₁Im][NTf₂], and [C₂C₁Im][NTf₂] resulting in Cu-based SCILL catalysts (solid catalyst with an ionic liquid layer). The fresh and used SCILL catalysts were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric anal. All Cu-SCILL catalysts were stable throughout the liquid-phase reactions with no leaching of ionic liquid being detectable by means of TGA. All ionic liquids investigated prevented the formation of undesired isopulegol compared to the 30% isopulegol selectivity obtained over the bare Cu/Al₂O₃ catalyst. The Cu-SCILL (coated with 15 weight% [C₂C₁Im][NTf₂]) increased the selectivity towards geraniol and nerol by 340%. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8COA of Formula: C10H22O).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C10H22O

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

CRISPRi-seq for genome-wide fitness quantification in bacteria was written by de Bakker, Vincent;Liu, Xue;Bravo, Afonso M.;Veening, Jan-Willem. And the article was included in Nature Protocols in 2022.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a powerful tool to link essential and nonessential genes to specific phenotypes and to explore their functions. Here we describe a protocol for CRISPRi screenings to assess genome-wide gene fitness in a single sequencing step (CRISPRi-seq). We demonstrate the use of the protocol in Streptococcus pneumoniae, an important human pathogen; however, the protocol can easily be adapted for use in other organisms. The protocol includes a pipeline for single-guide RNA library design, workflows for pooled CRISPRi library construction, growth assays and sequencing steps, a read anal. tool (2FAST2Q) and instructions for fitness quantification. We describe how to make an IPTG-inducible system with small libraries that are easy to handle and cost-effective and overcome bottleneck issues, which can be a problem when using similar, transposon mutagenesis-based methods. Ultimately, the procedure yields a fitness score per single-guide RNA target for any given growth condition. A genome-wide screening can be finished in 1 wk with a constructed library. Data anal. and follow-up confirmation experiments can be completed in another 2-3 wk. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Electric Literature of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Synthesis, structural characterization and antioxidant activity of some vanadium(IV), Mo(VI)/(IV) and Ru(II) complexes of pyridoxal Schiff base derivatives was written by Elsayed, Shadia A.;Noufal, Aya M.;El-Hendawy, Ahmed M.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2017.Safety of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

New complexes containing vanadium(IV), Mo(VI)/(IV) and Ru(II) derived from Schiff base of pyridoxal and S-benzyldithiocarbazate (H₂pysb) or p-toluidine (Hpytol) have been prepared The structures of the described compounds were elucidated by elemental analyses, spectroscopic techniques (IR, ¹H NMR, UV-Vis and EPR) magnetism, molar conductivity and thermal anal. measurements. Their redox behaviors were also studied by cyclic voltammetry. The ligand H₂pysb showed coordination to the metal ions in a dibasic tridenate manner through deprotonated phenolate oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur, while Hpytol behaved as monobasic bidentate through phenolate oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The complexes were tested for their antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and the data obtained revealed that the scavenging activity of the complexes towards DPPH is high for the oxovanadium(IV) complexes with lower IC₅₀ values which are comparable to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The EC₅₀ concentration ratio together with other antioxidant parameters are also reported. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Safety of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Safety of 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bisphenol A and its structural analogues in infant formulas available in the Brazilian market: Optimisation of a UPLC-MS/MS method, occurrence, and dietary exposure assessment was written by Petrarca, Mateus Henrique;Perez, Mary Angela Favaro;Tfouni, Silvia Amelia Verdiani. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.SDS of cas: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

For the first time, structural analogs to bisphenol A were investigated in infant formulas marketed in Brazil. A fast and high throughput UPLC-MS/MS method was established for simultaneous anal. of bisphenol A, B, E, F, and S in complex infant formula matrixes. The influence of mobile phase composition on electrospray ionization response in neg. mode was studied to improve the detectability of the method. As also, the main sample preparation variables that could affect the extraction and cleanup were screened by the Plackett-Burman design. The method performance characteristics were adequate, including reliable limits of detection (5-10 μg kg-1) and quantification (10-20 μg kg-1) with suitable recoveries (84.2-108.9 %) and precision (≤18 %). Sixty-one infant formulas were analyzed, and 36 % of total samples contained at least one bisphenol analog, whose levels ranged between 10.9 and 198.9 μg kg-1. Based on a deterministic approach, the estimated daily intakes for babies up to 6 mo old, fed exclusively with infant formula, were below the temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg kg-1 body weight set for bisphenol A by the European Food Safety Authority. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8SDS of cas: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.SDS of cas: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical Composition of Juices Made from Cultivars and Breeding Selections of European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) was written by He, Wenjia;Laaksonen, Oskar;Tian, Ye;Haikonen, Tuuli;Yang, Baoru. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2022.Computed Properties of C30H26O12 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The phenolic profiles and other major metabolites in juices made from fruits of 17 cultivars and selections of European pears were investigated using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS and GC-FID, resp. A total of 39 phenolic compounds were detected, including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, flavonols, and arbutin. Among these compounds, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid was the most predominant, accounting for 14-39% of total quantified phenolic contents (TPA) determined in this study. The variations were mainly cultivar dependent. The genetic background effect on the chem. compositions is complex, and breeding selections from the same parental cultivars varied dramatically in chem. compositions Putative perry pears contained more 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, caffeoyl N-trytophan, caffeoylshikimic acid, coumaroylquinic acid isomer, syringic acid hexoside, procyanidin dimer B2, (+)-catechin, and malic acid, whereas putative dessert pears had higher esters, alcs., and aldehydes. The results will be helpful in providing industry with phytochem. compositional information, assisting pear selections in com. utilization. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Computed Properties of C30H26O12).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Computed Properties of C30H26O12

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts