Month: November 2022

Continuous flow synthesis of menthol via tandem cyclisation-hydrogenation of citronellal catalysed by scrap catalytic converters was written by Zuliani, Alessio;Cova, Camilla Maria;Manno, Roberta;Sebastian, Victor;Romero, Antonio A.;Luque, Rafael. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A continuous flow synthesis of menthol starting from citronellal catalyzed by scrap catalytic converters is reported. The reaction was conducted in a tandem system connecting in series two catalytic systems, with the first having Lewis acid properties (favoring the cyclization of citronellal to isopulegols) and the second having hydrogenation catalytic activity (catalyzing the hydrogenation of isopulegols to menthols). A Lewis acid catalyst was prepared by supporting iron oxide nanoparticles over a waste material, i.e. the ceramic core of scrap catalytic converters (SCATs) via a microwave assisted method. Most importantly, SCATs, containing a low residual noble metal content, could be directly employed in the second step as hydrogenation catalysts. The reaction was performed studying the influence on the yield and selectivity to (-)-menthol of various reaction parameters (T, p and flow rate). Under the best reaction conditions (at a flow rate of 0.1 mL min^-1 and at 373 K and 413 K for cyclization and hydrogenation steps resp.) a conversion of >99% of (+)-citronellal to (-)-menthol with 77% final yield was achieved. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Bartonella Effector Acts as Signaling Hub for Intrinsic STAT3 Activation to Trigger Anti-inflammatory Responses was written by Sorg, Isabel;Schmutz, Christoph;Lu, Yun-Yueh;Fromm, Katja;Siewert, Lena K.;Bogli, Alexandra;Strack, Kathrin;Harms, Alexander;Dehio, Christoph. And the article was included in Cell Host & Microbe in 2020.Product Details of 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chronically infecting pathogens avoid clearance by the innate immune system by promoting premature transition from an initial pro-inflammatory response toward an anti-inflammatory tissue-repair response. STAT3, a central regulator of inflammation, controls this transition and thus is targeted by numerous chronic pathogens. Here, we show that BepD, an effector of the chronic bacterial pathogen Bartonella henselae targeted to infected host cells, establishes an exceptional pathway for canonical STAT3 activation, thereby impairing secretion of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and stimulating secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Tyrosine phosphorylation of EPIYA-related motifs in BepD facilitates STAT3 binding and activation via c-Abl-dependent phosphorylation of Y₇₀₅. The tyrosine-phosphorylated scaffold of BepD thus represents a signaling hub for intrinsic STAT3 activation that is independent from canonical STAT3 activation via transmembrane receptor-associated Janus kinases. We anticipate that our findings on a mol. shortcut to STAT3 activation will inspire new treatment options for chronic infections and inflammatory diseases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Product Details of 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Product Details of 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Evaluation of Geum urbanum L. Extracts with Respect to Their Antimicrobial Potential was written by Bunse, Marek;Mailander, Lilo K.;Lorenz, Peter;Stintzing, Florian C.;Kammerer, Dietmar R.. And the article was included in Chemistry & Biodiversity in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Preparations derived from roots and rhizomes of Geum urbanum L. are traditionally used for the treatment of ulcers and irritations of mucous membranes of the mouth, stomach, and intestinal tract. In complementary medicine, fermentation is one of the methods applied to recover plant extracts used for the production of such pharmaceutical preparations The present study was performed to characterize the secondary metabolites and to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of different G. urbanum root and rhizome extracts For this purpose, individual metabolites of fresh and fermented G. urbanum root and rhizome extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MSn and GC/MS. Among others, rare ellagitannin-sulfates could be characterized by LC/MSn. In addition, the antibacterial activity of various extracts of fresh and dried G. urbanum roots and rhizomes against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Cutibacterium acnes (CP033842.1; FDAARGOS 503 chromosome) were assessed and compared to that of G. rivale. Furthermore, low- and high-mol. tannins were fractionated by column chromatog., demonstrating the latter to exhibit highest antibacterial activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Thermomechanical Formation-Structure-Property Relationships in Photopolymerized Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne (CuAAC) Networks was written by Baranek, Austin;Song, Han Byul;McBride, Mathew;Finnegan, Patricia;Bowman, Christopher N.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2016.Computed Properties of C9H20O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bulk photopolymerization of a library of synthesized multifunctional azides and alkynes was carried out toward developing structure-property relationships for CuAAC-based polymer networks. Multifunctional azides and alkynes were formulated with a copper catalyst and a photoinitiator, cured, and analyzed for their mech. properties. Material properties such as the glass transition temperatures (T_g) show a strong dependence on monomer structure with T_g values ranging from 41 to 90 °C for the series of CuAAC monomers synthesized in this study. Compared to the triazoles, analogous thioether-based polymer networks exhibit a 45-49 °C lower T_g whereas analogous monomers composed of ethers in place of carbamates exhibit a 40 °C lower T_g. Here, the formation of the triazole moiety during the polymerization represents a critical component in dictating the material properties of the ultimate polymer network where material properties such as the rubbery modulus, crosslink d., and T_g all exhibit strong dependence on polymerization conversion, monomer composition, and structure postgelation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Computed Properties of C9H20O2).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C9H20O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Further slowing down of hydrolysis of amylose heated with black soybean extract by treating with nitrite under gastric conditions was written by Takahama, Umeo;Hirota, Sachiko. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2022.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Black soybean (BSB), which contains cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) and procyanidins, is cooked with rice in Japan. The color of the cooked rice is purplish red due to the binding of C3G and reddish oxidation products of procyanidins. These components can slowdown pancreatin-induced hydrolysis of amylose more significantly than the hydrolysis of amylopectin, and can react with nitrous acid in the stomach. This manuscript deals with the effects of nitrous acid on pancreatin-induced hydrolysis of amylose heated with BSB extract The hydrolysis of amylose heated with BSB extract was slow, and the slowdown was due to the binding of C3G/its degradation products and degradation products of procyanidins. The amylose hydrolysis was slowed down further by treating with nitrite under gastric conditions. The further slowdown was discussed to be due to the binding of the products, which were formed by the reaction of procyanidins with nitrous acid, to amylose. In the products, dinitroprocyanidins were included. In this way, the digestibility of amylose heated with BSB extract can be slowed down further by reacting with nitrous acid in the stomach. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Multiplexed characterization of rationally designed promoter architectures deconstructs combinatorial logic for IPTG-inducible systems was written by Yu, Timothy C.;Liu, Winnie L.;Brinck, Marcia S.;Davis, Jessica E.;Shek, Jeremy;Bower, Grace;Einav, Tal;Insigne, Kimberly D.;Phillips, Rob;Kosuri, Sriram;Urtecho, Guillaume. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2021.Formula: C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A crucial step towards engineering biol. systems is the ability to precisely tune the genetic response to environmental stimuli. In the case of Escherichia coli inducible promoters, our incomplete understanding of the relationship between sequence composition and gene expression hinders our ability to predictably control transcriptional responses. Here, we profile the expression dynamics of 8269 rationally designed, IPTG-inducible promoters that collectively explore the individual and combinatorial effects of RNA polymerase and LacI repressor binding site strengths. We then fit a statistical mechanics model to measured expression that accurately models gene expression and reveals properties of theor. optimal inducible promoters. Furthermore, we characterize three alternative promoter architectures and show that repositioning binding sites within promoters influences the types of combinatorial effects observed between promoter elements. In total, this approach enables us to deconstruct relationships between inducible promoter elements and discover practical insights for engineering inducible promoters with desirable characteristics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Formula: C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Formula: C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

High Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for the Quaternary Carbon Dioxide + 1-Decanol + 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octanol + n-Dodecane System was written by Latsky, Carla;Schwarz, Cara E.. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data in 2019.Application of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data were measured for the quaternary system containing CO₂, n-dodecane (nC₁₂), 1-decanol (C₁₀OH), and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol (37DM1O). The data were measured using a previously constructed static-analytic setup at temperatures between 308 and 348 K and pressures up to 19.2 MPa. The measured data indicated signs of a temperature inversion in the 1-decanol-rich mixtures The relative solubility anal. revealed that the components in the 1-decanol-rich mixtures could be separated with greater ease than the components in the n-dodecane-rich mixture The greater difficulty associated with separating components in the n-dodecane-rich mixture is likely linked to cosolvency effects which cause pinches in separation The data were modeled in Aspen Plus, using the RK-ASPEN model. The modeling results highlighted the need for fitted solute-solute interaction parameters. However, even with the inclusion of these parameters there still exists significant deviation between the exptl. and predicted data. The RK-ASPEN model can, therefore, only be used to approx. VLE data for the system. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Application of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Toxicological profile of bisphenol F via comprehensive and extensive toxicity evaluations following dermal exposure was written by Lee, Sang-Sik;Ryu, Hyeon-Yeol;Ahn, Kyu-Sup;Lee, Somin;Lee, Jiho;Lee, Jae Won;Ko, Soo Min;Son, Woo-Chan. And the article was included in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenol F (BPF) is classified as a harmful substance by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Although previous studies focused on human exposure to BPF via direct consumption or inhalation, few investigators assessed potential toxicol. effects following skin contact. The aim of this study was to examine (1) the degree and pattern by which BPF is absorbed onto the skin in vivo, and (2) determination of toxicity and safety using the following tests: acute dermal; a 28-day repeat dermal; a skin irritation; an eye irritation; and a skin sensitization. As indicated by the amount of BPF remaining in the epidermis or dermis, data demonstrated that BPF was absorbed through the skin at a 26.5% rate. BPF penetrated the s.c. layer at a “fast rate” (Kp: 2.2E-02). Although no toxicol. changes or local irritation were observed following skin exposure, BPF induced potent sensitization. In summary, the findings of this study showed that BPF penetrated and was absorbed into the skin at a high rate which was associated with enhanced chem.-induced skin sensitization and this may have significant implications following exposure of skin to BPF. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Possible roles of insoluble proanthocyanidin in Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum ) leaves was written by Suzuki, Tatsuro;Oki, Nobuhiko;Sugawara, Terumi;Katsu, Kenjiro;Aii, Jotaro. And the article was included in Plant Breeding in 2022.Application of 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Insoluble proanthocyanidins are reported as plant defense compounds against herbivorous insects. This is the first report to demonstrate the occurrence of insoluble proanthocyanidins in plants of the Polygonaceae family. In this study, we identified a mutant Tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum ) cultivar, Hokkai T10, that lacks insoluble proanthocyanidins accumulation in leaves and shows a role in defense against common cutworm ( Spodoptera litura Fabricius). We did not detect insoluble proanthocyanidins in p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde stain in Hokkai T10. The expression of the trait should be regulated by at least one recessive gene named iPA. The leaves of Hokkai T10 were ingested in larger amount by S. litura than the wild type. This fact supports the hypothesis that insoluble proanthocyanidins have a role in protection against insects. This is the first report to demonstrate a resistance role of insoluble proanthocyanidins using insect preference. In addition, the germination rate of Hokkai T10 was significantly higher than wild type; indicating to show firstly the effects of insoluble proanthocyanidins on seed germination. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Application of 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application of 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Determination of acid value, hydroxyl value and water content in reactions between dicarboxylic acids and diols using near-infrared spectroscopy and non-linear partial least squares regression was written by Heikka, Riitta A.;Immonen, Kirsi T.;Minkkinen, Pentti O.;Paatero, Erkki Y. O.;Salmi, Tapio O.. And the article was included in Analytica Chimica Acta in 1997.HPLC of Formula: 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A predictive calibration model based on non-linear partial least squares (PLS) regression was developed to describe the relationship between the near-IR (NIR) reflectance spectra and the acid value, hydroxyl value, and water content in polyesterification of dicarboxylic acids with diols. Two dicarboxylic acids and six diols were tested in different combinations with one dicarboxylic acid and one diol at a time. Reactions were carried out isothermally in a laboratory scale semi-batch reactor at 140-190°. NIR spectrometry offered a fast in-line method for monitoring and controlling the polyesterification reaction. A predictive model which related all the NIR spectra and the measured acid values was developed. Calibration of the NIR spectra and the hydroxyl value succeeded in experiments in which the hydroxyl value was determined The measured water content and the NIR spectra could not be calibrated with the same model for different dicarboxylic acid and diol combinations. Principal component anal. (PCA) was used to classify the NIR spectra. The spectra could be classified according to the dicarboxylic acid and diol used in the experiment This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4HPLC of Formula: 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.HPLC of Formula: 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts