Month: November 2022

Genetic, morphological, and chemical discrepancies between Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze and its close relatives was written by Jin, Ji-Qiang;Dai, Wei-Dong;Zhang, Chen-Yu;Lin, Zhi;Chen, Liang. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Identifying the discrepancies between cultivated tea and its wild relatives, especially in terms of their chem. compositions, is important in exploitation of specific germplasms. This study systematically investigated the phylogenetic relationships, morphol. traits, and metabolite profiles of 27 typical tea accessions. Results showed that 84,797 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms classified the sampled tea accessions into two groups, namely, Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze (CS) and its close relatives (CR), most of which were supported by morphol. evidence. Targeted metabolomic analyses absolutely quantified 51 characteristic metabolites. Among these metabolites, two tetragalloyled hydrolyzable tannins and four flavonol trisaccharide glycosides accumulated in low amounts in CS and CR, resp. Furthermore, the notable discrepancy in chem. composition was validated by the metabolite profiles of 114 tea accessions. Overall, this study showed the diversification of Sect. Thea plants regarding the genetic, morphol., and chem. characteristics, leading to a better understanding of wild tea plants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

New insights into the influences of baking and storage on the nonvolatile compounds in oolong tea: A nontargeted and targeted metabolomics study was written by Peng, Jiakun;Dai, Weidong;Lu, Meiling;Yan, Yongquan;Zhang, Yue;Chen, Dan;Wu, Wenliang;Gao, Jianjian;Dong, Minghua;Lin, Zhi. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A nontargeted and targeted metabolomics method was applied to comprehensively investigate the influences of baking and storage on chem. constituents in fresh-, strong-, and aged-scent types of Foshou oolong teas. The contents of N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone-substituted flavanols (EPSFs), flavone C-glycosides, gallic acid, and most lipids increased after baking and storage, while the contents of cis-flavanols, alkaloids, flavonol O-glycosides, and most amino acids decreased. Degradation, epimerization, and interaction with theanine were main pathways for the decrease in cis-flavanols. Approx. 20.7%, 12.8%, and 11.6% of epigallocatechin gallate were degraded, epimerized, and interacted with theanine after baking, resp.; 22.5% and 8.71% of epigallocatechin gallate were degraded and interacted with theanine after 10-yr storage, resp. Simulated reactions confirmed that the increases in EPSFs and apigenin C-glycosides were caused by interactions between theanine and flavanols and between apigenin aglycon and glucose, resp. This study offers novel insights into chem. changes during baking and storage of oolong tea. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Visual detection of odorant geraniol enabled by integration of a human olfactory receptor into polydiacetylene/lipid nano-assembly was written by Kim, Taegon;Moon, Dongseok;Park, Jin Hyuk;Yang, Heehong;Cho, Seongyeon;Park, Tai Hyun;Ahn, Dong June. And the article was included in Nanoscale in 2019.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A new polydiacetylene lipid/human olfactory receptor nano-assembly was fabricated for the visual detection of an odorant for the first time. The assembly consisted of phospholipid-mixed polydiacetylenes (PDAs) and human olfactory receptors (hORs) in detergent micelles. To overcome the limitations of bioelectronic noses, hOR-embedded chromatic complexes (PDA/hORs) were developed, introducing PDAs that showed color and fluorescence transitions against various stimuli. The chromatic nanocomplexes reacted with target mols., showing a fluorescence intensity increase in a dose-dependent manner and target selectivity among various odorants. As a result, a color transition of the assembly from blue to purple occurred, allowing the visual detection of the odorant geraniol. Through CD (CD) spectroscopy and a tryptophan fluorescence quenching method, the structural and functional properties of the hORs embedded in the complexes were confirmed. Based on this first work, future array devices, integrating multiple nano-assemblies, can be substantiated and utilized in environmental assessment and anal. of food quality. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Application In Synthesis of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Lewis Acid-Promoted Typical Friedel-Crafts Reactions Using DMSO as a Carbon Source was written by Vodnala, Nagaraju;Singh, Sanjay;Hazra, Chinmoy Kumar. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A mild and efficient synthetic protocol for the synthesis of sym. and unsym. diarylmethanes (DAMs) R¹CH₂R² (R¹ = 4-methoxyphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 1H-indol-3-yl, 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl, etc.; R² = 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl, 5-methylfuran-2-yl, 4-amino-3,5-bis(propan-2-yl)phenyl, etc.) was reported. Using DMSO as the C₁ source and TMSOTf as the Lewis acid promoter, a series of functionalized sym. and unsym. DAMs was synthesized in high yields. Gratifyingly, DMSO plays a dual role as a solvent and a C₁ source and can also be replaced with its deuterated counterpart, DMSO-d₆, enabling the incorporation of the -CD₂ moiety into the diarylmethane skeleton. The developed approach has been applied to a wide range of substrates having various functional groups, and this protocol has also been extended to the synthesis of an anti-breast cancer agent and an anticoagulant agent using common feedstock compounds In addition, the postulated mechanism has been explicitly demonstrated via control experiments This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

High-Capacity Digital Polymers: Storing Images in Single Molecules was written by Laurent, Eline;Amalian, Jean-Arthur;Parmentier, Marie;Oswald, Laurence;Al Ouahabi, Abdelaziz;Dufour, Florent;Launay, Kevin;Clement, Jean-Louis;Gigmes, Didier;Delsuc, Marc-Andre;Charles, Laurence;Lutz, Jean-Francois. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020.Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

High-capacity digital poly(phosphodiester)s were synthesized by stepwise automated phosphoramidite chem. Coding libraries containing either 4 or 8 phosphoramidite monomers of different mass were used to encode the polymers, thus enabling storage densities of 2 or 3 bits/monomer, resp. In addition, a monomer containing a cleavable alkoxyamine and nucleotide mass tags enabling fragment identification were included in the chains to allow their decryption by electrospray pseudo-MS³ sequencing. As a proof of concept, black and white images with sizes ranging from 80 to 144 pixels were encoded in single polymer chains and decoded by mass spectrometry. Six different polymers were prepared in this work; three with the 4-monomer alphabet and three with the 8-monomer alphabet. In all cases, uniform macromols. were obtained and deciphered. Yet, the bulkiest monomers of the 8-symbol alphabet required optimized protocols for uniform polymer synthesis. A macromol. storage capacity of 144 bits per chain was obtained in this work, which is the highest capacity ever attained for a synthetic informational polymer. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In vitro colonic fermentation and potential prebiotic properties of pre-digested jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) by-products was written by Massa, Nayara Moreira Lacerda;de Oliveira, Sonia Paula Alexandrino;Rodrigues, Noadia Priscila Araujo;Menezes, Francisca Nayara Dantas Duarte;dos Santos Lima, Marcos;Magnani, Marciane;de Souza, Evandro Leite. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C30H26O12 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Jabuticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) byproducts (JB) are rich sources of dietary fiber and phenolic compounds, which can be fermented by intestinal microbiota to promote health benefits. This study evaluated the effects of a 48 h-in vitro colonic fermentation of pre-digested JB on the contents of phenolic compounds and sugars, production of organic acids, and abundance (%) of bacterial groups found as part of the human intestinal microbiota. JB reduced the pH (4.35) and promoted changes on phenolic compounds (profile and contents) and sugars, as well as production of short-chain fatty acids during the fermentation JB increased the abundance of Lactobacillus spp./Enterococcus spp. (4.32-6.25%) and Bifidobacterium spp. (4.60-10.03%) during the fermentation, and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides spp./Prevotella spp. (7.50-10.71%), Eubacterium rectale/Clostridium coccoides (1.37-3.70%), and C. histolyticum (0.91-2.30%), resulting in pos. prebiotic indexes (8.61-11.92). JB should contribute to beneficial changes in the human intestinal microbiota, with effects compatible with prebiotic ingredients. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Electric Literature of C30H26O12).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Electric Literature of C30H26O12

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The NMR structure of the engineered halophilic DnaE intein for segmental isotopic labeling using conditional protein splicing was written by Heikkinen, Harri A.;Aranko, A. Sesilja;Iwai, Hideo. And the article was included in Journal of Magnetic Resonance in 2022.Formula: C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Protein trans-splicing catalyzed by split inteins has been used for segmental isotopic labeling of proteins for alleviating the complexity of NMR signals. Whereas inteins spontaneously trigger protein splicing upon protein folding, inteins from extremely halophilic organisms require a high salinity condition to induce protein splicing. We designed and created a salt-inducible intein from the widely used DnaE intein from Nostoc punctiforme by introducing 29 mutations, which required a lower salt concentration than naturally occurring halo-obligate inteins. We determined the NMR solution structure of the engineered salt-inducible DnaE intein in 2 M NaCl, showing the essentially identical three-dimensional structure to the original one, albeit it unfolds without salts. The NMR structure of a halo-obligate intein under high salinity suggests that the stabilization of the active folded conformation is not a mere result of various intramol. interactions but the subtle energy balance from the complex interactions, including the solvation energy, which involve waters, ions, co-solutes, and protein polypeptide chains. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Formula: C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Formula: C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Tyrosinase-encapsulated liposomes: Toward enzyme-induced in situ sensitization of semiconductor for sensitive photoelectrochemical immunoassay was written by Yu, Si-Yuan;Xue, Tie-Ying;Zhu, Li-Bang;Fan, Gao-Chao;Han, De-Man;Wang, Chengshuang;Zhao, Wei-Wei. And the article was included in Biosensors & Bioelectronics in 2019.COA of Formula: C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Liposomal photoelectrochem. (PEC) bioanal. holds enormous potential for future sensitive PEC bioanal. With tyrosinase (Tyr) and TiO₂ as representative enzyme and electrode, resp., this communication reports the elegant use of Tyr-loaded liposomes (TLL) toward in situ sensitization of the electrode and thereby the realization of ultrasensitive PEC immunoassay. Specifically, Tyr-encapsulated and detection antibody-functionalized liposomes were first prepared and used as the signal probe. The subsequent sandwich immunobinding could confine the functional liposomes, which were then lysed with surfactant to release the encapsulated Tyr. The free Tyr could then initiate the transformation of tyrosine to dopa, the latter could bind with the undercoordinated Ti sites, forming the stable dopa-Ti charge transfer complex and thus generating enhanced anodic photocurrent under visible light for signaling. Since different semiconductors and enzymes may be adapted into this format, this work is expected to stimulate more interest in the enzyme-induced activation of semiconductors for advanced liposomal PEC bioanal. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5COA of Formula: C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.COA of Formula: C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Highly Regioselective and Efficient Biosynthesis of Polydatin by an Engineered UGT_BL1-AtSuSy Cascade Reaction was written by Chen, Tianyi;Chen, Ziyi;Wang, Nan;Chu, Jianlin;Fan, Bo;Cheng, Cheng;Qin, Song;He, Bingfang. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2021.Synthetic Route of C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Polydatin, resveratrol-3-O-β-glucoside, possesses various biol. activities. However, the regioselective glucosylation of resveratrol by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) constitutes a persistent problem. Semi-rational design and iterative combinatorial mutagenesis were carried out to screen the mutants of UGT_BL1 and the high specificity with the glycosylation of the 3-OH group of resveratrol was explored. The triple mutant I62G/M112D/K143G exhibited near-perfect control of polydatin synthesis (regioselectivity ~99%), and the ratio of polydatin to resveratrol-4′-O-β-glucoside was finally enhanced by 786-fold. Mol. docking revealed that the mutant could form three H-bonds between 3-, 5-, and 4′-OH groups of resveratrol and the residues around the active center, resulting in the oriented-binding of resveratrol. Furthermore, UGT_BL1 mutant coupling sucrose synthase AtSuSy can synthesize polydatin at an unprecedented high titer of 10.33 g/L, together with efficient UDPG regeneration (RC_max = 54). This study provides an efficient approach for the regioselective biosynthesis of polydatin. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Synthetic Route of C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Synthetic Route of C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pyridoxal-based low molecular weight progelator as a new chemosensor for the recognition of Ag⁺ and Hg²⁺ under different conditions was written by Roy, Saswati Ghosh;Kumar, Abhishek;Misra, Neeraj;Ghosh, Kumaresh. And the article was included in Materials Advances in 2022.Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pyridoxal-based low mol. weight progelator 1 has been designed and synthesized for the selective visual detection of Ag⁺ ions through sol-to-gel conversion. Compound 1 shows excellent gelation property with desired gel stiffness only in the presence of Ag⁺ ions over a series of other metal ions in 1 : 1 (volume/volume) aqueous solvent system miscible with organic solvents such as DMSO, DMF, and dioxane, and validates the visual detection of Ag⁺ ions. The gel properties were studied by FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM (SEM), and rheol. measurements. Min. gelation concentration was found to be 3 mg mL^-1. While Ag⁺-induced metallogel in DMSO/H₂O is thermally reversible, it is irreversible in the DMF/H₂O system. The model compound 2, devoid of hydroxyl groups, did not show gelation under identical conditions and established the role of pyridoxal moiety in 1. In addition, compound 1 exhibits the selective sensing of Hg²⁺ ions over a series of metal ions in the solution phase, as established by UV-Vis, fluorescence, and ¹H NMR studies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Name: 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts