Month: November 2022

A Simple Method for the Determination of Polyphenolic Compounds from Grapevine Leaves was written by Stambuk, Petra;Anic, Marina;Huzanic, Nera;Preiner, Darko;Karoglan, Marko;Kontic, Jasminka Karoglan;Tomaz, Ivana. And the article was included in Separations in 2022.Reference of 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Grapevine leaves are photosynthetically the most active green organs providing carbohydrates that are of utmost importance for the regular vine’s metabolism and growth. Moreover, leaves are the pioneers of fungal infections caused by B. cinerea, E. necator, and P. viticola. Plant response to these microorganisms mostly depends on the content and composition of phenolic compounds abundantly found in the leaf’s outer tissues (epidermis, cuticle, trichomes). In order to obtain a satisfactory quantity of phenolic compounds, an experiment was conducted towards optimizing a solid-liquid extraction method. Variables were as follows: the type of organic solvent, the sample weight, the extraction temperature, and the extraction time. The optimal conditions were obtained by applying the response surface methodol. Therefore, by using acetonitrile as the organic solvent, conducting a single-step extraction at the temperature of 48°C during the time period of 2 h and25 min with a solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:56 g mL-1(178 mg of leaves powder and 10 mL of extraction solvent) the optimal content of phenolic compounds was obtained. This protocol is reliable, fast, and relatively easy to perform for the determination of the abovementioned compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Reference of 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hypochlorous acid initiated lipid chlorination at air-water interface was written by Guo, Changlu;Yang, Miao;He, Jing;Kan, Guangfeng;Yu, Kai;Liu, Zhuo;Lin, Sifan;Jiang, Jie;Zhang, Hong. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2021.Related Products of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

There has been a surge of interest in interfacial hypochlorous acid (HOCl) chem. for indoor air quality and public health. Here we combined nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry (nESI-MS) and acoustic levitation (AL) techniques to study the chlorination chem. of three model lipids (DPPE, POPG, DOPG) mediated by HOCl at the air-water interface of levitated water droplet. For DPPE with no C=C double bonds, HOCl was insensitive to the alkane chains, and showed considerable delay directing to head amino groups compared to that in aqueous environment. Chlorination chem., for POPG and DOPG with C=C double bonds, preferentially reacted with double bonds of one chain. The mechanism was discussed in light of these observations, and it is concluded that the increased hydrophilicity of the chlorinated chain disturbed the lipid packing and attracted it toward the water phase. In addition, the reaction rate constant and reactive uptake coefficient suggested that the chlorination of lipids exposed to HOCl at the air-water interface is likely to occur rapidly. These results gain the knowledge of HOCl mediated lipid interface reaction at the mol. level, and would better understand the adverse health effects associated with elevated indoor pollutants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Related Products of 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Related Products of 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Characterization of phenolic profile in dried grape skin of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Blanc with UHPLC-MS/MS and its development during ripening was written by Serni, E.;Tomada, S.;Haas, F.;Robatscher, P.. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2022.COA of Formula: C30H26O12 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Comprehensive phenolic composition of dried grape skin from cv. Pinot Blanc and its development during ripening is reported, with particular emphasis on flavonol glycosides profile. Extraction procedure and reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatog.-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method were optimized and validated for the determination of 39 phenolic compounds belonging to different groups (flavonols, dihydroflavonols, benzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols). Beside selected reaction monitoring (SRM) for analytes available as standards, flavonols and dihydroflavonols profile was furtherly explored performing precursor ion scan (PIS) with neutral loss (NL) for unavailable compounds Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside occurred as major flavonol component, and rutinosides for kaempferol- and isorhamnetin- structures were also quantitable. Presence of different myricetin derivatives was unveiled, with myricetin-3-O-glucoside being quantifiable at all ripening time points. Besides high levels of astilbin, dihydroquercetins profile resulted highly complex. Moreover, ratio between caftaric and coutaric acid and between isomers of coutaric acid at harvest was uncommon if compared to other white cultivars. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8COA of Formula: C30H26O12).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C30H26O12

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

3D pharmacophore model for insect repellent activity and discovery of new repellent candidates was written by Bhattacharjee, Apurba K.;Dheranetra, Watanaporn;Nichols, Daniel A.;Gupta, Raj K.. And the article was included in QSAR & Combinatorial Science in 2005.Application of 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To better understand the mechanism of insect repellency and to identify new repellent candidates, we performed a three-dimensional quant. structure-activity (QSAR) study and developed a pharmacophore model for potent repellent activity from a set of eleven known diverse insect repellent compounds by using the CATALYST 3D-QSAR methodol. The protection time for repellent activity of the compounds was taken from an earlier published study. The pharmacophore was found to have three hydrophobic sites (two aliphatic and one aromatic) and a hydrogen-bond acceptor site in specific locations in the three dimensional geometry of the mols. that are critical for potent repellent activity. The pharmacophore showed an excellent correlation (correlation = 0.9) between the exptl. protection time afforded by the compounds in the training set and their predicted protection time. The validity of the pharmacophore model goes beyond the list in the training set and is found to map well on a variety of other insect repellents. By mapping this model on one of the more potent analog we have generated a three-dimensional shape based template which allowed a search of our inhouse compound database and discover four new potential insect repellent candidates. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Application of 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Subunits E-F-G of E. coli Complex I can form an active complex when expressed alone, but in time-delayed assembly co-expression of B-CD-E-F-G is optimal was written by Alkhaldi, Hind A.;Vik, Steven B.. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Bioenergetics in 2022.SDS of cas: 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Respiratory Complex I from E. coli is a proto-type of the mitochondrial enzyme, consisting of a 6-subunit peripheral arm (B-CD-E-F-G-I) and a 7-subunit membrane arm. When subunits E-F-G (N-module), were expressed alone they formed an active complex as determined by co-immunoprecipitation and native gel electrophoresis. When co-expressed with subunits B and CD, only a complex of E-F-G was found. When these five subunits were co-expressed with subunit I and two membrane subunits, A and H, a complex of B-CD-E-F-G-I was membrane-bound, constituting the N- and Q-modules. Assembly of Complex I was also followed by splitting the genes between two plasmids, in three different groupings, and expressing them simultaneously, or with time-delay of expression from one plasmid. When the B-CD-E-F-G genes were co-expressed after a time-delay, assembly was over 90% of that when the whole operon was expressed together. In summary, E-F-G was the only soluble subcomplex detected in these studies, but assembly was not optimal when these subunits were expressed either first or last. Co-expression of subunits B and CD with E-F-G provided a higher level of assembly, indicating that integrated assembly of N- and Q-modules provides a more efficient pathway. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1SDS of cas: 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.SDS of cas: 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Novel random copolymers of poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylate) with outstanding barrier properties for green and sustainable packaging: content and length of aliphatic side chains as efficient tools to tailor the material’s final performance was written by Guidotti, Giulia;Soccio, Michelina;Siracusa, Valentina;Gazzano, Massimo;Munari, Andrea;Lotti, Nadia. And the article was included in Polymers (Basel, Switzerland) in 2018.Application of 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present paper describes the synthesis of novel bio-based poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylate)-containing random copolymers for sustainable and flexible packaging applications. On one side, the linear butylene moiety has been substituted by glycol subunits with alkyl pendant groups of different length. On the other side, copolymers with different cis/trans isomer ratio of cyclohexane rings have been synthesized. The prepared samples were subjected to mol., thermal, diffractometric, and mech. characterization. The barrier performances to O₂, CO₂, and N₂ gases were also evaluated. The presence of side alkyl groups did not alter the thermal stability, whereas it significantly influences the formation of ordered phases that deeply affect the functional properties, mainly in terms of mech. response and barrier performance. In particular, the final materials present higher flexibility and significantly improved barrier properties with respect to the homopolymer and most polymers widely employed for flexible packaging. The improvement due to copolymerization was more pronounced in the case of higher co-unit-containing copolymers and for the samples with cyclohexane rings in the trans conformation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Application of 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application of 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Changes in Non-Volatile and Volatile Metabolites Associated with Heterosis in Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis) was written by Wang, Pengjie;Gu, Mengya;Shao, Shuxian;Chen, Xiaomin;Hou, Binghao;Ye, Naixing;Zhang, Xingtan. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2022.Application of 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Heterosis or hybrid vigor is extensively used in plant breeding. However, the contribution of metabolites to heterosis is still elusive. Here, we systematically identified the non-volatile and volatile metabolites of two hybrids and their parents in Camellia sinensis. The metabolomics anal. showed prevalent non-additive accumulation in hybrids, among which the non-additive nucleotides, alkaloids, organic acids, and tannins contribute to the pos. heterosis of hybrids, including typical inosine, guanosine, adenosine, caffeine, succinic acid, adipic acid, xylonic acid, and gallic acid. The catechins and free amino acids in hybrids showed neg. heterosis compared to its maternal cultivar TGY. Furthermore, the significant accumulation of non-additive terpenes combined with the mild heterosis of other types of volatiles contributes to the aroma of tea plant hybrids. The genetics of volatiles from different parents affect the aroma of hybrids processed into oolong tea. The comprehensive heterosis of these non-additive metabolites may play an important role in the formation of desirable breeding traits for hybrids. Our results provide insights into the utilization of heterosis breeding and the regulation of heterosis metabolites in tea plants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Application of 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selective Removal of Phenolic Compounds by Peroxydisulfate Activation: Inherent Role of Hydrophobicity and Interface ROS was written by Liu, Xinru;Liu, Ying;Qin, Hehe;Ye, Ziwei;Wei, Xiaojie;Miao, Wei;Yang, Dianhai;Mao, Shun. And the article was included in Environmental Science & Technology in 2022.Application of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Selective removal of organic pollutants by advanced oxidation methods has been receiving increasing attention for environmental remediation. In this study, a novel catalyst, which can selectively oxidize phenolic compounds (PCs) based on their hydrophobicity, composed of metal-organic-framework-derived Fe/Fe₃O₄ and three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (rGOF) is designed for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. This heterogeneous PDS activation system can completely degrade hydrophobic PCs within 30 min. By investigating the hydrophobic properties of eight representative PCs, a pos. correlation between the hydrophobicity of PC and the reaction kinetics is reported for the first time. The selective removal stems from the strong interaction between highly hydrophobic PCs and the catalyst. Moreover, the mechanism investigation shows that the degradation reaction is triggered by interface reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our study reveals that the selective degradation of organic pollutants by PDS activation depends on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the pollutant and catalyst. The reported results provide new insights into a highly selective and efficient PDS activation system for organic pollutant removal. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Application of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Application of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

USAEME-GC/MS Method for Easy and Sensitive Determination of Nine Bisphenol Analogs in Water and Wastewater was written by Kiejza, Dariusz;Kotowska, Urszula;Polinska, Weronika;Karpinska, Joanna. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A new, simple and sensitive method for isolating nine compounds from the bisphenol group (analogs: A, B, C, E, F, G, Cl₂, Z, AP) based on one-step liquid-liquid microextraction with in situ acylation followed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry was developed and validated using influent and effluent wastewaters. The chemometric approach based on the Taguchi method was used to optimize the main conditions of simultaneous extraction and derivatization. The recoveries of the proposed procedure ranged from 85 to 122%, and the repeatability expressed by the coefficient of variation did not exceed 8%. The method’s limits of detection were in the range of 0.4-64 ng/L, and the method’s limits of quantification ranged from 1.3 to 194 ng/L. The developed method was used to determine the presence of the tested compounds in wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant located in northeastern Poland. From this sample, eight analytes were detected. Concentrations of bisphenol A of 400 ng/L in influent and 100 ng/L in effluent were recorded, whereas other bisphenols reached 67 and 50 ng/L for influent and effluent, resp. The removal efficiency of bisphenol analogs in the tested wastewater treatment plant ranged from 7 to approx. 88%. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Electric Literature of C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Electric Literature of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Water-soluble pyridine-based colorimetric chemosensor for naked eye detection of silver ions: Design, synthesis, spectral and theoretical investigation was written by Annaraj, B.;Neelakantan, M. A.. And the article was included in Analytical Methods in 2014.SDS of cas: 65-22-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A water soluble pyridine containing a Schiff base as chemosensor was designed and then synthesized. The chemosensor (L) was synthesized by reacting pyridoxal and 2-aminoethanol and then comprehensively characterized using elemental anal., spectroscopic methods (IR, UV-visible, NMR (¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR) spectroscopy), electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray crystallog. The designed compound showed excellent specificity and sensitivity (detection limit = 4.18 × 10^-6 M) towards Ag⁺ ions in preference to other interfering cations (Ca²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Hg²⁺, VO²⁺, K⁺, Li⁺, Mn²⁺, Na⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺) in aqueous solution The (L) showed a selective chromogenic behavior towards Ag⁺ ions by changing the color of the solution from light yellow to red, a change which can be detected with the naked eye. A simple and cost effective test kit was prepared for the detection of silver ion in water samples. Time-dependent d. functional theory calculations were carried out to help understand the sensing mechanism. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5SDS of cas: 65-22-5).

3-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylisonicotinaldehyde hydrochloride (cas: 65-22-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.SDS of cas: 65-22-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts