Month: November 2022

Flavor diversification of dark chocolate produced through microwave roasting of cocoa beans was written by Lemarcq, Valerie;Monterde, Viena;Tuenter, Emmy;Walle, Davy Van de;Pieters, Luc;Sioriki, Eleni;Dewettinck, Koen. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The impact of microwave roasting cocoa beans on the aroma and phytochem. profile of dark chocolates (70% cocoa) was studied. Three chocolates produced from microwave roasted beans (450 W-55 min, 600 W-35 min, 900 W-20 min) were compared with a chocolate produced from convectively roasted beans (130°C-30 min). Aroma anal. via HS-SPME-GC-MS indicated that microwave roasting of cocoa beans resulted in chocolate with a distinctive aroma profile, compared to the chocolate produced from convectively roasted beans. Increased power input seems the main inducer of elevated levels of aroma compounds Interestingly, the impact of the four treatments on the phytochem. profile, measured via LC-HRMS, of the chocolates was rather comparable. Microwave roasting of cocoa beans was more prone to oxidation, but still within acceptable limits. The results validate that microwave roasting is a promising alternative technique that can be used effectively for chocolate production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Safety of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

BPA and its analogs increase oxidative stress levels in in vitro cultured granulosa cells by altering anti-oxidant enzymes expression was written by Sabry, R.;Nguyen, M.;Younes, S.;Favetta, L. A.. And the article was included in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology in 2022.Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenol A is a widespread endocrine disruptor with numerous effects on reproductive functions. Limitations on BPA in manufacturing has prompted the use of analogs, such as BPS and BPF, with limited research on their safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BPA and its analogs on oxidative stress levels within bovine granulosa cells and to measure the expression of key antioxidant genes. Results indicate that BPA and BPF reduce cell viability and induce mitochondrial dysfunction and all three bisphenols increased production of reactive oxygen species as early as 12h post exposure. BPA increased the levels of antioxidants at 12h at the mRNA and protein levels, while these results were not significant at 48h. These results together suggest that BPA and its analogs can induce oxidative stress within bovine granulosa cells, although not necessarily through common mechanisms. Therefore, the use of BPA analogs may have to be re-considered. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Formula: C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hollow fiber membrane-protected amino/hydroxyl bifunctional microporous organic network fiber for solid-phase microextraction of bisphenols A, F, S, and triclosan in breast milk and infant formula was written by Li, Shihuan;Feng, Senwei;Van Schepdael, Ann;Wang, Xu. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenols and triclosan have been used in various products, and exposure to these chems. may affect human health. The present study proposes a sensitive method for the determination of bisphenols A, F, S, and triclosan. The fiber was coated by amino/hydroxyl bifunctional microporous organic network and protected by polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane for direct immersion solid phase microextraction The limit of detection was 0.005μg/L (μg/kg), and the recoveries were in the range of 76.7% to 107.5% (87.4% to 107.6%) for breast milk (infant formula), with intra-day and inter-day precisions <10.5% (7.3%) and 13.6% (8.4%), resp. Fiber-to-fiber reproducibility of < 9.5% and a lifespan of >100 cycles were obtained. The 95th percentile estimated daily intake of total bisphenols was close to temporary tolerable daily intake for infants fed by human milk, which highlighted the needs for further attention on human exposure to BPA and its substitutes. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Recommanded Product: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Recommanded Product: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A simple method for predicting the gas-chromatographic retention indices of phenolic derivatives was written by Pouretedal, Hamid Reza;Jafari, Mohammad. And the article was included in Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A simple approach is proposed to predict the gas-chromatog. retention indexes in nonpolar columns for a wide range of phenolic derivatives, through their mol. structures and independent of temperature data and active phase of column. The new model is based on the number of atoms and some structural moieties which depend on intra- and intermol. interactions. The present method can be easily applied for many kinds of phenolic compounds containing different substituents without using special computer codes, which need expert users. A big pool of the exptl. data (335 compounds) of retention indexes is used to construct the new model (80% for training set and 20% for test set). Different statistical parameters including the coefficient of determination, R2 (= 0.9482), root mean squared error, RMSE (= 89.01), and mean absolute percent error, MAPE (= 4.494), are used to investigate the reliability of the model, through both internal and external validation techniques. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8COA of Formula: C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.COA of Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Research on hydrogen production and degradation of corn straw by circular electrolysis with polyoxometalate (POM) catalyst was written by Li, Mengzhu;Wang, Ting;Zhao, Mengyun;Wang, Yifan. And the article was included in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy in 2022.Product Details of 115-84-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Converting corn straw into high-value chems. and H₂ energy is of great significance to the effective utilization of biomass resources. Based on the proton exchange membrane electrolysis technol., a circular electrolysis system for H₂ evolution and corn straw degradation was built using polyoxometalate (POM) catalysts as redox media and charge carriers. Under mild conditions (80 °C), the influence of factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst concentration, and c.d. on the research system was explored. As a result, the efficient use of corn straw has been realized. The degradation rate of corn straw was as high as 63.48%, and the Faraday efficiency of H₂ production by electrolysis reaches 94.54%. The degradation products of corn straw were characterized and analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, XPS, GC-MS, and 2D HSQC NMR. This technique provides a potentially new pathway for H₂ production and corn straw processing. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Product Details of 115-84-4).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 115-84-4

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of heat processing on phenolics and their possible transformation in low-sugar high-moisture (LSHM) fruit products from Kainth (Pyrus pashia Buch.-ham ex D. Don) fruit was written by Prakash, Om;Baskaran, Revathy;Chauhan, A. S.;Kudachikar, V. B.. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

LSHM fruit products were developed using 40% Kainth fruit juice (KJ40) and 10% pomace (KP10). The percentage of fruit juice and pomace was optimized based on the sensory anal. The effect of heat processing on the nutritional and neutraceuticals parameters was studied. The product KJ40 was rich in free phenolics, while in KP10, it was bound phenolics. Both the products had good retention of phenolics, vitamins, minerals during processing and were microbiol. safe for up to six months. UPLC-ESI-HRMS was used for the identification and quantification of major phenolic compounds Arbutin and catechin were the most stable phenolics during processing and storage. A slight change in catechin and chlorogenic acid contents was observed, which might be transformed or degraded. Tentatively, three unknown compounds were also identified using non-targeted anal. (Marker View Software, AB Sciex). Both products might offer health benefits as rich in phenolics and dietary fiber (≥5%). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Name: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shiga Toxin Induces Lipid Compression: A Mechanism for Generating Membrane Curvature was written by Watkins, Erik B.;Majewski, Jaroslaw;Chi, Eva Y.;Gao, Haifei;Florent, Jean-Claude;Johannes, Ludger. And the article was included in Nano Letters in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biomembranes are hard to compress laterally, and membrane area compressibility has not been associated with biol. processes. Using x-ray surface scattering, the authors observed that bacterial Shiga toxin compresses lipid packing in a gel phase monolayer upon binding to its cellular receptor, the glycolipid Gb3. This toxin-induced reorganization of lipid packing reached beyond the immediate membrane patch that the protein was bound to, and linkers separating the Gb3 carbohydrate and ceramide moieties modulated the toxin’s capacity to compress the membrane. Within a natural membrane, asym. compression of the toxin-bound leaflet could provide a mechanism to initiate narrow membrane bending, as observed upon toxin entry into cells. Such lipid compression and long-range membrane reorganization by glycolipid-binding proteins represent novel concepts in membrane biol. that have direct implications for the construction of endocytic pits in clathrin-independent endocytosis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Simple and Efficient Method for Synthesis of sn-Glycero-Phosphoethanolamine was written by B. Gowda, Siddabasave Gowda;Fuda, Hirotoshi;Yamamoto, Yusuke;Chiba, Hitoshi;Hui, Shu-Ping. And the article was included in Lipids in 2020.SDS of cas: 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An efficient three-step strategy for the convenient synthesis of Sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (GroPEtn) from a com. available 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) is reported. Direct hydrolysis of DPPE produces a complex inseparable mixture, hence a protection and deprotection strategy was employed to prepare GroPEtn. The primary amine of DPPE is protected with a highly stable acid-labile trityl group, followed by strong base hydrolysis of N-trityl-DPPE gives N-trityl-GroPEtn. Further a mild, rapid, and efficient deprotection method was established using trifluoroacetic acid to remove N-trityl moiety, affords GroPEtn as a single product. This is the first semisynthetic approach and efficient method to produce GroPEtn with a total yield of 66% in three steps. GroPEtn did not show any cytotoxicity against human kidney (HK-2) cells and reporter gene assay for activation of Keap1-Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense mechanism showed no significant effects. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5SDS of cas: 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.SDS of cas: 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Structural basis of transcriptional regulation by a nascent RNA element, HK022 putRNA was written by Hwang, Seungha;Olinares, Paul Dominic B.;Lee, Jimin;Kim, Jinwoo;Chait, Brian T.;King, Rodney A.;Kang, Jin Young. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Transcription, in which RNA polymerases (RNAPs) produce RNA from DNA, is the first step of gene expression. As such, it is highly regulated either by trans-elements like protein factors and/or by cis-elements like specific sequences on the DNA. Lambdoid phage HK022 contains a cis-element, put, which suppresses pausing and termination during transcription of the early phage genes. The putRNA transcript solely performs the anti-pausing/termination activities by interacting directly with the E.coli RNAP elongation complex (EC) by an unknown structural mechanism. In this study, we reconstituted putRNA-associated ECs and determined the structures using cryo-electron microscopy. The determined structures of putRNA-associated EC, putRNA-absent EC, and σ70-bound EC suggest that the putRNA interaction with the EC counteracts swiveling, a conformational change previously identified to promote pausing and σ70 might modulate putRNA folding via σ70-dependent pausing during elongation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts