Month: November 2022

Vance, Nicholas; Zacharias, Neelie; Ultsch, Mark; Li, Guangmin; Fourie, Aimee; Liu, Peter; LaFrance-Vanasse, Julien; Ernst, James A.; Sandoval, Wendy; Kozak, Katherine R.; Phillips, Gail; Wang, Weiru; Sadowsky, Jack published an article on January 16 ,2019. The article was titled 《Development, optimization, and structural characterization of an efficient peptide-based photoaffinity cross-linking reaction for generation of homogeneous conjugates from wild-type antibodies》, and you may find the article in Bioconjugate Chemistry.HPLC of Formula: 76931-93-6 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Site-specific conjugation of small mols. to antibodies represents an attractive goal for the development of more homogeneous targeted therapies and diagnostics. Most site-specific conjugation strategies require modification or removal of antibody glycans or interchain disulfide bonds or engineering of an antibody mutant that bears a reactive handle. While such methods are effective, they complicate the process of preparing antibody conjugates and can neg. impact biol. activity. Herein we report the development and detailed characterization of a robust photoaffinity crosslinking method for site-specific conjugation to fully glycosylated wild-type antibodies. The method employs a benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa) mutant of a previously described 13-residue peptide derived from phage display to bind tightly to the Fc domain; upon UV irradiation, the Bpa residue forms a diradical that reacts with the bound antibody. After the initial discovery of an effective Bpa mutant peptide and optimization of the reaction conditions to enable efficient conjugation without concomitant UV-induced photodamage of the antibody, we assessed the scope of the photoconjugation reaction across different human and nonhuman antibodies and antibody mutants. Next, the specific site of conjugation on a human antibody was characterized in detail by mass spectrometry experiments and at at. resolution by X-ray crystallog. Finally, we adapted the photoconjugation method to attach a cytotoxic payload site-specifically to a wild-type antibody and showed that the resulting conjugate is both stable in plasma and as potent as a conventional antibody-drug conjugate in cells, portending well for future biol. applications.2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6HPLC of Formula: 76931-93-6) was used in this study.

2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-(acetylthio)acetate(cas: 76931-93-6) belongs to pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine being a good nucleophile easily undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions with different electrophiles such alkyl halides and acyl halides, and forms N-substituted pyrrolidines. N-Alkylpyrrolidine on further reaction with alkyl halide provided quaternary salts.HPLC of Formula: 76931-93-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2017,Fan, Yang; Kass, Steven R. published 《Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Alkylation between Nitroalkenes and Indoles Catalyzed by Charge Activated Thiourea Organocatalysts》.Journal of Organic Chemistry published the findings.Product Details of 126456-43-7 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A series of methylated and octylated pyridinium and quinolinium containing thiourea salts with a chiral 2-indanol substituent are reported. These organocatalysts are pos. charged analogs of privileged bis(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituted thioureas, and are found to be much more active catalysts despite the absence of an addnl. hydrogen bond donor or acceptor site (i.e., the presence of a heteroatom-hydrogen or heteroatom). Friedel-Crafts reactions of trans-β-nitorostyrenes with indoles are examined, and good yields and enantioselectivities are obtained. Mechanistic studies indicate that this is a second-order transformation under the employed conditions, and is consistent with the dimer of the thiourea being the active catalyst. Charged organocatalysts, consequently, represent an attractive design strategy for catalyst development. After reading the article, we found that the author used (1S,2R)-1-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ol(cas: 126456-43-7Product Details of 126456-43-7)

(1S,2R)-1-Amino-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ol(cas: 126456-43-7) belongs to anime. Milder oxidation, using reagents such as NaOCl, can remove four hydrogen atoms from primary amines of the type RCH2NH2 to form nitriles (R―C≡N), and oxidation with reagents such as MnO2 can remove two hydrogen atoms from secondary amines (R2CH―NHR′) to form imines (R2C=NR′). Tertiary amines can be oxidized to enamines (R2C=CHNR2) by a variety of reagents.Product Details of 126456-43-7

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2019,Current Organocatalysis included an article by Kasar, Sandeep B.; Thopate, Shankar R.. Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks. The article was titled 《Ultrasonically Assisted Efficient and Green Protocol for the Synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones using Itaconic Acid as a Homogeneous and Reusable Organocatalyst》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Itaconic acid was used as a green catalyst for the synthesis of 4H-isoxazol-5-ones derivatives under conventional as well as ultrasound irradiation technique. Ultrasound irradiation condition required less time for the completion of the reaction and also the yields were better. Ambient reaction conditions were used to carry out transformation for multicomponent reaction. Metal-free, mineral acid-free synthesis were key features of the present protocol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(cas: 100-83-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks)

3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(cas: 100-83-4) can be used as a reactant along with ethyl acetoacetate and thiourea in the synthesis of corresponding dihydropyrimidine-2-thione (monastrol), using Yb(OTf)3 as a catalyst by Biginelli cyclocondensation reaction.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

In 2019,ACS Chemical Neuroscience included an article by Jorg, Manuela; van der Westhuizen, Emma T.; Khajehali, Elham; Burger, Wessel A. C.; White, Jonathan M.; Choy, Kwok H. C.; Tobin, Andrew B.; Sexton, Patrick M.; Valant, Celine; Capuano, Ben; Christopoulos, Arthur; Scammells, Peter J.. SDS of cas: 89466-08-0. The article was titled 《6-phenylpyrimidin-4-ones as positive allosteric modulators at the M1 mAChR: the determinants of allosteric activity》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Targeting allosteric sites of the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) is an enticing approach to overcome the lack of receptor subtype selectivity observed with orthosteric ligands. This is a promising strategy for obtaining novel therapeutics to treat cognitive deficits observed in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia, while reducing the peripheral side effects such as seen in the current treatment regimes, which are non-subtype selective. We previously described compound I, the first pos. allosteric modulator (PAM) of the M1 mAChR based on a 6-phenylpyrimidin-4-one scaffold, which has been further developed in this study. Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and pharmacol. evaluation of a series of 6-phenylpyrimidin-4-ones with modifications to the 4-(1-methylpyrazol-4-yl)benzyl pendant. Selected compounds were further profiled in terms of their allosteric affinity, cooperativity with acetylcholine (ACh), and intrinsic efficacy. Addnl., I and II were tested in mouse primary cortical neurons, displaying various degrees of intrinsic agonism and potentiation of the acetylcholine response. Overall, the results suggest that the pendant moiety is important for allosteric binding affinity and the direct agonistic efficacy of the 6-phenylpyrimidin-4-one based M1 mAChR PAMs. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid(cas: 89466-08-0SDS of cas: 89466-08-0)

2-Hydroxyphenylboronic acid(cas: 89466-08-0) belongs to acyl phenylboronic acid. Phenylboronic acid (PBA) has been used to extract β-blockers (a class of aminoalcohol-containing drugs) from aqueous solution, rat, and human plasma. SDS of cas: 89466-08-0

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The author of 《General and Phosphine-Free Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Esters to Alcohols》 were Shao, Zhihui; Zhong, Rui; Ferraccioli, Raffaella; Li, Yibiao; Liu, Qiang. And the article was published in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2019. Application In Synthesis of 3-Pyridinemethanol The author mentioned the following in the article:

The first non-noble metal catalytic system that enabled an efficient hydrogenation of non-activated esters to alcs. in the absence of phosphine ligands (with a maximum turnover number of 2391) was described. The general applicability of this protocol was demonstrated by the high-yielding hydrogenation of 39 ester substrates including aromatic/aliphatic esters, lactones, polyesters and various pharmaceutical mols. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 3-Pyridinemethanol(cas: 100-55-0Application In Synthesis of 3-Pyridinemethanol)

3-Pyridinemethanol(cas: 100-55-0) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Application In Synthesis of 3-Pyridinemethanol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The author of 《Molecular design to increase the photosensitivity of photochromic phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complexes》 were Li, Ruiji; Arai, Hiroki; Kobayashi, Yoichi; Mutoh, Katsuya; Abe, Jiro. And the article was published in Materials Chemistry Frontiers in 2019. COA of Formula: C12H17BO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Photochromic mols. have received a lot of interest in potential applications. The development of the phenoxyl-imidazolyl radical complex (PIC), which generates two nonequivalent radicals upon light irradiation along with the fast photochem. reaction, is crucial for photoresponsive materials. However, as a novel photochromic compound, the low photosensitivity of PIC derivatives has limited their practical applications. Herein, increased photosensitivity and absorption coefficients of PIC derivatives were achieved while keeping the thermal back reaction rate by introducing the substitution of aryl groups. This strategy gives significant insight into the development of desirable fast photochromic compounds based on the PIC framework. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(cas: 24388-23-6COA of Formula: C12H17BO2)

4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-phenyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane(cas: 24388-23-6) also known as boronate ester, is generally used in metal-catalyzed C-C bond formation reactions like Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.COA of Formula: C12H17BO2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

The author of 《Efficient Pincer-Ruthenium Catalysts for Kharasch Addition of Carbon Tetrachloride to Styrene》 were Das, Kanu; Dutta, Moumita; Das, Babulal; Srivastava, Hemant Kumar; Kumar, Akshai. And the article was published in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2019. Application of 1195-59-1 The author mentioned the following in the article:

A series of NNN pincer-ruthenium complexes (R2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3) (R=Cyclohexyl (Cy), t-Bu (tBu), i-Pr (iPr) and Ph (Ph)) have been synthesized and characterized. These pincer-ruthenium complexes have been used to catalyze the Kharasch addition or atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of carbon tetrachloride to styrene. Among the pincer-ruthenium catalysts screened for the Kharasch addition, the catalytic activity followed the order (Cy2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3)>(iPr2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3)≫(Ph2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3). The oxidation of Ru(II) is easier with (Cy2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3) and (iPr2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3) in comparison with (Ph2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3) as indicated by cyclic voltammetry studies. The catalyst precursor (R2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3) itself is the resting state of the reaction. The rate determining step involves the generation of the five-coordinate 16-electron ruthenium(II) species (R2NNN)RuCl2. Owing to weaker binding of tri-Ph phosphine to ruthenium, the generation of catalytically active 16-electron species (Cy2NNN)RuCl2 and (iPr2NNN)RuCl2 are more favorable. The complex (Cy2NNN)RuCl2(PPh3) demonstrates very high productivity (5670 turnovers after 48 h at 140 °C) in the absence of any co-catalyst radical initiator. To the best of our knowledge, our turnovers (ca. 5670) are much higher than that reported hitherto. Quantum mech. calculations demonstrate that the path involving the activation of carbon tetrachloride by (Cy2NNN)RuCl2 is more favored than the path where carbon tetrachloride is activated by (Cy2NNN)RuCl2(η2-styrene). D. functional theory (DFT) and kinetic studies are in accord with the widely accepted mechanism involving the single electron transfer (SET) from ruthenium(II) to chloride radical with concomitant generation of a benzyl radical which is trapped by the resulting ruthenium(III) species. The experimental process involved the reaction of 2,6-Pyridinedimethanol(cas: 1195-59-1Application of 1195-59-1)

2,6-Pyridinedimethanol(cas: 1195-59-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine derivatives lend themselves to many roles in the spirited field of supramolecular chemistry – whether as the ligand backbone of metal-organic polymers or presiding over the key electronic stations of nanodevices. In biochemistry, pyridine-containing cofactors are necessary nutrients on which our lives depend. Application of 1195-59-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

《Iridium-Catalyzed Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols: A Route to Access Branched Ketones and Alcohols》 was published in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020. These research results belong to Genc, Sertac; Gulcemal, Suleyman; Gunnaz, Salih; Cetinkaya, Bekir; Gulcemal, Derya. Reference of (4-Bromophenyl)methanol The article mentions the following:

Under borrowing hydrogen conditions, NHC-iridium(I) catalyzed the direct or one-pot sequential synthesis of α,α-disubstituted ketones RCOCH(CH2R1)CH2R2 [R = Ph, 2-naphthyl, 4-MeOC6H4, etc.; R1 = Ph, 1-naphthyl, n-heptyl, etc.; R2 = Ph, 1-naphthyl, 4-MeOC6H4, etc.] via the alkylation of secondary alcs. with primary alcs. was reported. Notably, the present approach provides a new method for the facile synthesis of α,α-disubstituted ketones and featured with several characteristics, including a broad substrate scope, using easy-to-handle alcs. as starting materials, and performing the reactions under aerobic conditions. Moreover, the selective one-pot formation of β,β-disubstituted alcs. PhCH(OH)CH(CH2R3)CH2R4 [R3 = Ph, n-heptyl; R4 = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-BrC6H4] was achieved by the addition of an external hydrogen source to the reaction mixture In addition to this study using (4-Bromophenyl)methanol, there are many other studies that have used (4-Bromophenyl)methanol(cas: 873-75-6Reference of (4-Bromophenyl)methanol) was used in this study.

(4-Bromophenyl)methanol(cas: 873-75-6) undergoes three-component reaction with acetylferrocene and arylboronic acid to give ferrocenyl ketones containing biaryls.Reference of (4-Bromophenyl)methanol It is used in the synthesis of amphiphilic, symmetric rod-coil, triblock copolymer of poly(9,9-didodecylfluorene-2,7-diyl) and poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate)

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

《Cationic Heteropolymers with Various Functional Groups as Efficient and Biocompatible Nonviral Gene Vectors》 was published in ACS Applied Bio Materials in 2020. These research results belong to Zhang, Ju-Hui; He, Xi; Xiao, Ya-Ping; Zhang, Ji; Wu, Xiao-Ru; Yu, Xiao-Qi. Electric Literature of C4H11NO The article mentions the following:

With the rise and development of gene therapy, it is of great significance to develop highly efficient and biocompatible polymeric gene carriers. In this work, a series of heteropolymers from ring-opening polymerization of diepoxide compounds and various functional primary amines were synthesized. The feed dosage of amines was adjusted to obtain the polymers with different functional group contents, and the structure-activity relationships of these polymers as nonviral gene vectors were examined in detail. Results revealed that, although the amine with the fluorinated chain seemed to be less reactive in the polymerization, the relative content of each component in the target product was consistent with the feed dosage. Compared to the “”golden standard”” polyethylenimine (PEI) 25 kDa, these heteropolymers showed much lower cytotoxicity and higher gene transfection efficiency, especially in serum-containing medium, and up to 78 times of efficiency than PEI was obtained. Meanwhile, they exhibited much better serum resistance than PEI, compared with the transfection efficiency in serum-free experiments, and even higher efficiency could be achieved with serum in HeLa cells. Mechanism study results suggest that the content of fluorinated chain and histamine might distinctly influence their transfection. The fluorinated chains could enhance the serum tolerance and cellular uptake efficiency (with serum), while the imidazole group in the histamine chain would improve the endosome/lysosome escape. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 4-Aminobutan-1-ol(cas: 13325-10-5Electric Literature of C4H11NO)

4-Aminobutan-1-ol(cas: 13325-10-5) is used in the synthesis of NSAIDs with anti-inflammatory properties. Also used in the synthesis of polyamine transport ligands with specificity against human cancers allowing easy access to specific cancer cells.Electric Literature of C4H11NO

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

《Curcumin mono-carbonyl analogs as potent antibacterial compounds: synthesis, biological evaluation and docking simulation study》 was written by Wijianto, B.; Ritmaleni; Purnomo, H.; Nurrochmad, A.. Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks And the article was included in Rasayan Journal of Chemistry in 2020. The article conveys some information:

The present study aims to synthesize, evaluate biol. activity, and study docking of new analog compounds I (R = H; R1 = H, Cl; R2 = H, OH, Br; R3 = H, OH; R4 = H, Br; R5 = H, F; R6 = H; RR6 = -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)2-) as antibacterial. Claisen-Schmidt method used to synthesize compds I. The new analog compounds I have antibacterial activity with IC50 values of 37.1μM, 140μM, resp.; 79μM and 117μM in the aureus; 56.6μM, 282μM, 97.6μM and 186.1μM in subtilis; 291.2μM, 1025.9μM, 679.81μM and 561.9μM in E.coli; 29.5μM, 310.5μM, 32.9μM and 130.6μM in P. aeruginosa; 66.6μM, 328.6μM, 49.3μM and 253.8μM in mutans; 97.2μM, 392.2μM, 129.6μM, and 191.6μM in faecalis; 44,811μM (A113) in C.albicans. Synthesized mono-carbonyl curcumin analog compounds I have antibacterial activity through inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(cas: 100-83-4Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks)

3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(cas: 100-83-4) is used as an ionophore, during the development of an highly selective and sensitive PVC membrane sensor, which can be used as a Tb3+ ion selective electrode.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts