Month: November 2022

Magnetic porous cellulose surface-imprinted polymers synthetized with assistance of deep eutectic solvent for specific recognition and purification of bisphenols was written by Wen, Zeng;Gao, Die;Lin, Jing;Li, Siyi;Zhang, Kailian;Xia, Zhining;Wang, Dandan. And the article was included in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers-based bisphenols have been developed using Fe₃O₄ as the magnetic material, a deep eutectic solvent as the assisted solvent, and N-isopropylacrylamide as the functional monomer. The resulting magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers were characterized using SEM, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermal gravimetric anal., and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller anal. Moreover, the adsorption properties of the magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers toward bisphenol A, bisphenol F, and bisphenol AF were investigated using static, dynamic, and selective adsorption experiments The introduction of porous cellulose materials significantly improves the capabilities of the material. The adsorption capacity, mass transfer efficiency, and selectivity of the magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers toward bisphenol A were 5.9, 4.0, and 4.4 times those of traditional molecularly imprinted polymers. Moreover, the adsorption stability of the magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers was investigated under different temperature and pH conditions. The adsorption characteristics of the magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers toward the target mols. were investigated using adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodn. models. Hydrogen bonding is the main interaction formed between the magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers and the target mols. Magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers have great application value with excellent stability and reusability. Finally, the combination of the magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymers and high-performance liquid chromatog. or ultra-performance liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry was successfully used for the purification and detection of bisphenols in milk (1.349 ng/mL bisphenol F and 3.014 ng/mL bisphenol AF), canned fruits (1129 ng/mL bisphenol A, 10.11 ng/mL bisphenol F, and 91.87 ng/mL bisphenol AF), and fish (11.91 ng/mL bisphenol AF) samples. Furthermore, the magnetic porous cellulose molecularly imprinted polymer method is more selective, sensitive, and accurate than the traditional precipitation method. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Different approaches to supplement polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in vinification: Effects on color extraction, phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and sensory profiles of Malbec wines was written by Longhi, Sara Jaquelina;Martin, Maria Carolina;Fontana, Ariel;de Ambrosini, Vilma Ines Morata. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Recommanded Product: 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Enzymes play an essential role in the winemaking process. Besides an improvement in the color of the wine it also enhances the quality, which makes it well worth to develop new strategies of application. The present study examined two approaches to apply microbial enzymes during different winemaking techniques using Malbec grapes from the San Rafael wine region, Mendoza, Argentina. i) Torulaspora delbrueckii was used in sequential inoculation with an autochthonous Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. The former strain was first inoculated to produce in situ an enzyme complex during winemaking for four days, and subsequently the latter strain was added. The process was carried out under traditional winemaking conditions at 22 °C (Td-Sc). ii) A second approach was through inoculation of a multi-enzyme extract produced by Aureobasidium pullulans m11-2 during pre-fermentative cold maceration (PCM) for four days at 8 °C (PCM-E), and S. cerevisiae was inoculated at the end of the PCM. Controls were carried out without enzymic treatments (Sc and PMC, resp.). T. delbrueckii started the fermentation and remained viable throughout the process. The fermentation kinetics were not affected in the mixed culture compared with a pure culture of S. cerevisiae. Monitoring of the pectinolytic activity of Td-Sc showed maximum activity (14.2 U mg-1) on day one of the inoculation, while in PCM-E the must activity increased during the PCM until day one of fermentation, reaching a maximum of 16.85 U mg-1. Both enzyme-treated wines maintained their red hue, regardless of the duration of the macerations, while the control wines were characterized by a faster rate of color loss and more yellow tones. In the sensory evaluation, enzymically treated wines presented greater color intensity, redder and more violet tones, floral and fruit aromas, which are also the distinctive features of the Malbec variety. Anthocyanin values obtained in PCM and in PCM-E were higher than in vinifications without cold maceration (Td-Sc and Sc), which could be attributed to the effectiveness of the maceration technique. Similarly, the composition of stilbenes, especially trans-resveratrol, showed an increase in PCM techniques with or without enzymic treatment, and both techniques were comparable to one other and statistically superior to traditional winemaking. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Recommanded Product: 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Recommanded Product: 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Multimodal Identification by Transcriptomics and Multiscale Bioassays of Active Components in Xuanfeibaidu Formula to Suppress Macrophage-Mediated Immune Response was written by Zhao, Lu;Liu, Hao;Wang, Yingchao;Wang, Shufang;Xun, Dejin;Wang, Yi;Cheng, Yiyu;Zhang, Boli. And the article was included in Engineering (Beijing, China).Electric Literature of C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Xuanfeibaidu Formula (XFBD) is a Chinese medicine used in the clin. treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Although XFBD has exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy in clin. practice, its underlying pharmacol. mechanism remains unclear. Combination of a comprehensive research approach that includes network pharmacol., transcriptomics, and bioassays in multiple model systems to investigate the pharmacol. mechanism of XFBD and its bioactive substances. High-resolution mass spectrometry was combined with mol. networking to profile the major active substances in XFBD. A total of 104 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized, including flavonoids, terpenes, carboxylic acids, and other types of constituents. Based on the chem. composition of XFBD, a network pharmacol.-based anal. identified inflammation-related pathways as primary targets. Thus, the anti-inflammation activity of XFBD in a lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation mice model was examined XFBD significantly alleviated pulmonary inflammation and decreased the level of serum proinflammatory cytokines. Transcriptomic profiling suggested that genes related to macrophage function were differently expressed after XFBD treatment. Consequently, the effects of XFBD on macrophage activation and mobilization were investigated in a macrophage cell line and a zebrafish wounding model. XFBD exerts strong inhibitory effects on both macrophage activation and migration. Moreover, through multimodal screening, the major components and compounds from the different herbs of XFBD that mediate its anti-inflammation function were further identified. Active components from XFBD, including Polygoni cuspidati Rhizoma, Phragmitis Rhizoma, and Citri grandis Exocarpium rubrum, were then found to strongly downregulate macrophage activation, and polydatin, isoliquiritin, and acteoside were identified as active compounds Components of Artemisiae annuae Herba and Ephedrae Herba were found to substantially inhibit endogenous macrophage migration, while the presence of ephedrine, atractylenolide I, and kaempferol was attributed to these effects. In summary, our study explores the pharmacol. mechanism and effective components of XFBD in inflammation regulation via multimodal approaches, and thereby provides a biol. illustration of the clin. efficacy of XFBD. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Electric Literature of C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Electric Literature of C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Procyanidin B2 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis via the Nrf2/PPAR γ/sFlt-1 axis in preeclampsia was written by Liu, Lei;Wang, Rencheng;Xu, Ran;Chu, Yuening;Gu, Weirong. And the article was included in Pharmacological Research in 2022.Recommanded Product: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Preeclampsia is a severe complication of pregnancy characterised by variable degrees of placental malperfusion. A growing body of evidence indicates that soluble endoglin and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) play important pathophysiol. roles in preeclampsia, causing endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and multiorgan injury. A drug that is safe in pregnancy and inhibits placental sFlt-1 and soluble endoglin secretion would be an attractive treatment strategy for preeclampsia. Procyanidin B2, a bioactive food compound, has been reported to exert multiple beneficial functions. Placental explant cultures in vitro are useful for studying tissue functions including release of secretory components, pharmacol., toxicol., and disease processes. The reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model has been widely used as a model of preeclampsia. We aimed to investigate the effect of procyanidin B2 on preeclampsia via using placental explant cultures and RUPP rat model. In this study, we demonstrated that procyanidin B2 reduced soluble endoglin and sFlt-1 secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), primary trophoblasts, and placental explants from preeclamptic pregnancies. Moreover, procyanidin B2 alleviated endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis induced by sFlt-1, including increasing the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of endothelial cells and decreasing the expression of vascular cell adhesion mol.-1 (VCAM-1) and leukocyte adhesion on HUVECs. In addition, procyanidin B2 promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear accumulation and induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) expression in primary placental tissues and endothelial cells. Importantly, Nrf2 specifically binds to the PPARγ promoter region (-1227/-1217) and enhances its transcriptional activity. Procyanidin B2 inhibits sFlt-1 secretion via the Nrf2/PPARγ axis. In the RUPP rat model of preeclampsia, procyanidin B2 attenuated RUPP-induced maternal angiogenic imbalance, hypertension and improved placental and fetal weight Taken together, our results demonstrate that procyanidin B2 inhibits sFlt-1 secretion and ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis via the Nrf2/PPAR γ axis in preeclampsia. Procyanidin B2 may be a novel therapeutic agent for treatment of preeclampsia. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Recommanded Product: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Recommanded Product: (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Influence of different pretreatments and drying methods on the chemical compositions and bioactivities of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma was written by Qiao, Juanjuan;Lu, Gengyu;Wu, Gang;Liu, Hui;Wang, Wanli;Zhang, Tianmao;Xie, Guoyong;Qin, Minjian. And the article was included in Chinese Medicine (London, United Kingdom) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The processing of medicinal plant materials is one of the important factors influencing the components and biol. activities of TCMs. Smilax glabra Roxb. is an herbal vine widely distributed in China, and its dried rhizome (Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, SGR) is often used in traditional medicines and functional foods. The processing methods of fresh cutting for SGR slices have been included in ancient Chinese herbal works, some local standards of TCMs, and the current Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Nevertheless, to date, the scientific basis for the processing of fresh medicinal materials for SGR slices has not been revealed. To optimize the processing method for preparing SGR slices from the fresh rhizomes, the chem. compositions of the un-pretreated and pretreated (boiling, steaming) samples before and after drying (sun-drying, shade-drying, oven-drying), and the contents of astilbin isomers in dried SGR were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-DAD methods, resp. Then, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, xanthine oxidase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the prepared SGR slices were investigated by biol. assays. A total of fifty-two compounds were identified from the un-pretreated and pretreated samples and a total of forty-nine compounds were identified from the subsequently dried samples. After pretreated by boiling and steaming, the contents of neoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, and isoastilbin in the prepared samples all increased. As a quality marker of SGR, the content of astilbin was unchanged or decreased slightly compared with that in the un-pretreated samples. During the drying process, the contents of the four astilbin stereoisomers in the un-pretreated samples increased significantly, while those in the pretreated samples had a slight increase or decrease. The effects of different processing methods were sorted according to the bioactivities of the prepared SGR. As a result, SGR slices prepared with no pretreatment followed by a sun-drying process have a higher astilbin content, better bioactivities and more energy savings, representing the optimum processing method for SGR slices. This study reveals the scientific basis for the processing of fresh medicinal materials for SGR slices. The results provide scientific information for the quality control of SGR and its rational applications in herbal medicines and functional foods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Recommanded Product: 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Recommanded Product: 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Integrated LC-MS / MS method and network pharmacology for exploring the characterization and mechanism of neuroprotective effect of Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine polyphenol was written by Zhang, Ying;Yuan, Danbing;Guo, Jianyu;Jiang, Jing;Yao, Haoran;Chen, Zhongling;Li, Lingxi;Cui, Yan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Biochemistry in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Polyphenols are the main active components in Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine, which show good protective effects on the nervous system, but their compositions in Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine and the mol. mechanism underlying their neuroprotection remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine polyphenols on the basis of the specific composition of polyphenols in Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine. In this study, 40 phenolic compounds which include 15 anthocyanins, 10 flavonoids, 10 phenolic acids, 3 proanthocyanidins and 2 resveratrols were identified by UPLC Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. Furthermore, An UPLC-QqQ/MS method was established to simultaneously determine the phenolic compounds in Vitis amurensis Rupr. Wine, and analyze the content differences of phenolic compounds between Vitis amurensis Rupr. and Vitis vinifera wine. Finally, network pharmacol. was employed for the first time to predict the possible pharmacol. mechanisms of Vitis amurensis wine polyphenols against nervous damage. Multivariate network anal. indicated that quercetin, (-)-epigallocatechin and various anthocyanins were found as prominent compounds for the treatment of nervous system diseases. Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine polyphenols mainly acted on these key targets, including AKT1, EGFR, ESR1, and SRC, and further regulate the PI3K-AKT and Rap1 signaling pathway for treating nervous system diseases. Our findings suggested that polyphenols in Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine possess neuroprotective effect through multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel. Practical applications : Studies have revealed that Vitis amurensis Rupr. has higher levels of phenolic compounds than Vitis vinifera wine. However, due to the few and limited study of Vitis amurensis Rupr., their compositions in Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine and the mol. mechanism underlying their neuroprotection remains unclear. This research uses a holistic network pharmacol. strategy to investigate the potential targets and pharmacol. mechanisms of Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine polyphenols against nervous damage. To some things up, The finding elucidates the relationships between signaling pathways, targets, and compounds in Vitis amurensis Rupr. wine polyphenols, which may provide guidance and foundations for further application of medicinal food. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Selective Antibacterial Activity and Lipid Membrane Interactions of Arginine-Rich Amphiphilic Peptides was written by Edwards-Gayle, Charlotte J. C.;Barrett, Glyn;Roy, Shyamali;Castelletto, Valeria;Seitsonen, Jani;Ruokolainen, Janne;Hamley, Ian W.. And the article was included in ACS Applied Bio Materials in 2020.Formula: C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The self-assembly behavior and antimicrobial activity of two designed amphiphilic peptides, R₃F₃ and R₄F₄, containing short hydrophobic phenylalanine (F) and cationic arginine (R) sequences, are investigated. The conformation of the peptides was examined using CD and FTIR spectroscopy, which show that they have a disordered secondary structure. Concentration-dependent fluorescence assays show the presence of a critical aggregation concentration (cac) for each peptide. Above the cac, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal a population of twisted tapes for R₃F₃ and nanosheets for R₄F₄. The interaction of the peptides with model bacterial membranes comprising mixtures of the lipids DPPG [1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol] and DPPE [1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine], was studied using SAXS and cryogenic-TEM. Anal. of the SAXS structure factor indicates that R₃F₃ interacts with lipid bilayers by inducing correlation between bilayers, whereas R₄F₄ interacts with the bilayers causing an increase in polydispersity of the vesicle wall thickness. Both peptides break vesicles with a 1:3 DPPG:DPPE composition, which is close to the ratio of PG and PE lipids observed in the lipid membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen responsible for serious infections and which has developed antimicrobial resistant strains. Both peptides show activity against this bacterium in planktonic form. Peptide R₄F₄ shows particularly strong bioactivity against this microbe, with a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) value in the range of concentrations where the peptide is cytocompatible. It was further shown to have activity against other Pseudomonas species including the common plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Finally, we show that R₄F₄ inhibits the development of P. aeruginosa biofilms. This was examined in detail and a proposed mechanism involving binding of the signaling mol. c-di-GMP is suggested, based on CD spectroscopy studies and Congo red assays of extracellular polysaccharides produced by the stressed bacteria. Thus, R₄F₄ is a promising candidate antimicrobial peptide with activity against Pseudomonas species. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Formula: C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Formula: C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comprehensive metabolic profiles of seminal plasma with different forms of male infertility and their correlation with sperm parameters was written by Xu, Yamei;Lu, Hongmei;Wang, Yang;Zhang, Zhimin;Wu, Qian. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2020.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Metabolomics measurements of seminal plasma are widely used in diagnosis and finding of mol. mechanisms of male infertility. However, so far the limitation of metabolome coverage of anal. methods hinders comprehensive metabolite biomarker finding. Moreover, the widely used case-control comparison is not enough to unveil the detailed correlations of the metabolic changes with different sperm abnormalities. In this work, we aimed to have comprehensive metabolic profiling of seminal plasma to find the metabolomics difference between healthy controls and infertility case samples with different semen abnormalities by liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection with previously established new sample preparation procedure. Among 624 detected metabolite features, 63 potential biomarkers in various metabolite classes were found for infertility in seminal plasma by multivariate anal. Interestingly, different infertility forms have different potential biomarkers with few in common, and most of potential biomarkers were found in oligo-astheno-teratospermia samples. To further find the association of the metabolomic changes with specific sperm abnormality, sperm parameters including sperm concentration, sperm deformity rate and sperm motility were also collected, and multivariate linear regression was used to find correlations between sperm parameters and potential biomarkers. Finally, levels of 17 metabolites were found to be significantly correlated with sperm parameters. Most of correlations agreed with previously reported mechanisms of infertility, such as correlation of acylcarnitines with sperm concentration and sperm deformity, and correlation of some antioxidants with sperm deformity rate and sperm motility. Some correlations were reported for the first time, such as neg. correlations of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, 2-phosphoglyceric acid and γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine with sperm deformity rate, and neg. correlation of creatine riboside with sperm concentration All the potential biomarkers were involved in 14 metabolic pathways playing important role in energy production, antioxidation, hormone regulation and sperm membrane. These results proved previously reported mol. mechanism (such as oxidative stress and energy production) and also gave new possible clues to the pathol. of male infertility, which will benefit future etiol., diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Application In Synthesis of (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rifampicin Increases Expression of Plant Codon-Optimized Bacillus thuringiensis δ-Endotoxin Genes in Escherichia coli was written by Singh, Vivek Kumar;Nain, Vikrant;Phanindra, Mullapudi Lakshmi Venkata;Gothandapani, Sellamuthu;Chhapekar, Sushil Satish;Sreevathsa, Rohini;Sambasiva Rao, K. R. S.;Kumar, Polumetla Ananda;Kumar, Awanish. And the article was included in Protein Journal in 2022.Product Details of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Transgenic crops expressing Cry δ-endotoxins of Bacillus thuringiensis for insect resistance have been commercialized worldwide with increased crop productivity and spectacular socioeconomic gains. To attain the enhanced level of protein expression, the cry genes have to be extensively modified for RNA stability and translation efficiency in the plant systems. However, such modifications in nucleotide sequences make it difficult to express the cry genes in Escherichia coli because of the presence of E. coli rare codons. Induction of gene expression through the T7 promoter/lac operator system results in high levels of transcription but limits the availability of activated tRNA corresponding to rare codons that leads to translation stalling at ribosomes. In the present study, an Iso-Pr ss-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)/rifampicin combination-based approach was adopted to induce transcription of cry genes through T7 promoter/lac operator while simultaneously inhibiting the transcription of host genes through rifampicin. The results show that the IPTG/rifampicin combination leads to high-level expression of four plant codon-optimized cry genes (cry2Aa, cry1F, cry1Ac, and cry1AcF). Northern blot anal. of the cry gene expressing E. coli samples showed that the RNA expression level in the IPTG-induced samples was higher as compared to that in the IPTG/rifampicin-induced samples. Diet overlay insect bioassay of IPTG/rifampicin-induced Cry toxins with Helicoverpa armigera larvae showed bioactivity (measured as LC₅₀) similar to the previous studies. The experiment has proved that recombinant synthetic gene (plant codon-optimized gene) with the combination of Rifampicin which inhibits DNA-dependent bacterial RNA polymerase and reduces the excessive baggage of translational machinery of the bacterial cell triggers the production of synthetic protein. Purification of protein using high pH buffer increases the solubility of the protein. Further, LC₅₀ anal. shows no reduction of protein activity leads to protein stability. Further, purified cry toxin protein can be used for crop protection against pests and a purified form of the synthetic protein can be used for antibody production and perform the immunoassay for the identification of the transgenic plant. The crystallog. structure of synthetic protein could be used for interaction study with another insect to see insecticidal activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Product Details of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 367-93-1

Referemce:
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A potential species for cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries: Insight to chemical and biological investigation of naturally grown and cultivated Salvia multicaulis Vahl was written by Akdeniz, Mehmet;Yener, Ismail;Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah;Irtegun Kandemir, Sevgi;Tekin, Fethullah;Ertas, Abdulselam. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2021.COA of Formula: C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The importance of Salvia L. species, being used as traditional medicine, in the scientific world is increasing day by day. The relationship between health and traditional-modern life, promotes the creation of new value added food products. Within this context, in this study, it was aimed to biol. and chem. investigate the essential oil and ethanol extracts of the Salvia multicaulis Vahl. Chem. and biol. study results of naturally grown and cultivated (uninvestigated in the literature) samples of S. multicaulis were compared. The essential oil, aroma and terpenoid-steroid contents of the species were determined by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and phenolic content by liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, the bioactivities of the extracts were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxic, antialzheimer, antiurease, antityrosinase, antielastase and anticollagenase activities. It was found that the enzyme activities of the essential oil and the antioxidant activities of all ethanol extracts of the species were quite high. It was determined that especially essential oil and the ethanol extracts of the leaf parts exhibited high cytotoxic effect in cancer cell lines (PDF (Healthy primary dermal fibroblast cell line), HT-29 (colon cancer cell line), MCF-7 (breast cancer cell line), Caco-2 (colon cancer cell line) and Skov-3 (ovary cancer cell line)). According to the GC-MS results, in the natural specimen 1,8-cineole (33.05 %) and D-limonene (21.18 %), in the cultivated sample 1,8-cineole (42.35 %) and α-pinene (15.74 %) were detected to be as the major components of the essential oil and aroma, resp. It was observed that both natural and cultivated samples were rich in β-Sitosterol. Moreover, the root extract of natural samples was found to be richer than the other extracts in terms of abieatane diterpene (ferruginol, cryptanol, sugiol, and inuroyleanone) compounds According to the LC-MS/MS results, it is seen that both natural and cultivated samples are very rich in rosmarinic acid. Especially, the flower part of the natural sample (98.10 mg analyte/g extract) was found to contain more rosmarinic acid than the other parts. Due to the high total phenolic and rosmarinic acid content, cytotoxic, anti-aging, and antioxidant potential of the ethanol extract of the leaf parts of the species, it has the potential to be used as a food supplement, food preservative and in the pharmaceutical industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6COA of Formula: C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.COA of Formula: C20H22O8

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Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts