Month: November 2022

Screening of antiviral components of Yinhuapinggan granule and protective effects of Yinhuapinggan granule on MDCK Cells with influenza A/H1N1 virus was written by Chen, Tianhang;Du, Haixia;Zhou, Huifen;Yang, Jiehong;Zhu, Jiaqi;Tong, Xin;Yang, Yuting;Wan, Jiayang;Fan, Yichen;Lu, Yiyu;He, Yu;Wan, Haitong. And the article was included in BioMed Research International in 2022.Product Details of 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Traditional Chinese medicine Yinhuapinggan granule (YHPG) has been used for treating upper respiratory tract infection like influenza, cough, and viral pneumonia. However, its active ingredients that really exert the main efficacy have not been well elucidated. This study is aimed at screening its antiviral components and investigating the potential therapeutic mechanisms of YHPG against the influenza A/PR8/34 (H1N1) virus in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK). MDCK cells were infected with the influenza virus and then treated with ribavirin, YHPG, and main active ingredients in YHPG. Based on the maximum nontoxic concentration (TC0), half-maximal toxic concentration (TC50), half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and therapeutic index (TI), interferon-β (IFN-β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using ELISA (ELISA), and the gene expression of TLR7, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and p65 nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (p65 NF-κB) was quantified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results indicated that the components of YHPG, such as ephedrine hydrochloride, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorogenic acid, and emodin, had significant antiviral effects. High and medium doses of YHPG effectively reduced the cytopathic effect (CPE) and significantly decreased IFN-β and IL-6 levels in the supernatant. Simultaneously, the transcript levels of TLR7, MyD88, TRAF6, JNK, p38 MAPK, and p65 NF-κB decreased in infected MDCK cells. Moreover, a certain dose-dependent relationship among different groups of YHPG was observed These results indicated that YHPG and the components of YHPG had a significant inhibitory function on the proliferation of the H1N1 virus. The mechanism might be associated with suppressing the activation of the TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway, a decrease in the mRNA expression of key target genes, and inhibition of IFN-β and IL-6 secretion. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Product Details of 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Product Details of 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Identification and quantification of bisphenols in water by dissipation followed by silylation using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was written by Katari, B. V. Narasimha Raju;Madhu, Vemula;Nowduri, Annapurna;Kaliyaperumal, Muralidharan;Rumalla, Chidananda Swamy. And the article was included in Asian Journal of Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenols are important endocrine disruptors, which were widely used in the variety of food packing and storage materials which often come into contact with various food products packed in them. The presence of bisphenols in water is harmful for the health of humans as well as aquatic animals and also, they accumulate over a period of time. Hence, the present work aimed to develop a simple and accurate GCMS-SIM method for the quantification of bisphenols in packaged drinking water as well as the water samples collected in river and lakes in Andhra Pradesh state of India. Bisphenols were extracted by simple solvent extraction with acetonitrile and silylated by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoro acetamide and analyzed by GC-MS. Various parameters that affect the recovery of the analytes were carefully optimized and the developed method was validated. The recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 80-120 % with quantification limit of 1 ng/L. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5 ng/L to 10 μg/L. The method was applied for the quantification of bisphenols in packaged drinking water at room temperature and at 50 °C at various time intervals. The results proved that the water sample kept at room temperature doesn′t shows peaks corresponding to bisphenols. The water sample exposed to 50 °C for 30 days bisphenols content 10, 12, 22 and 8 ng/L resp. for bisphenol G (BPG), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol E, (BPE) and bisphenol A (BPA) whereas the same sample at 180 days of exposer shows 60, 51, 61 and 22 ng/L resp. confirms that the leaching of plastic due to temperature increases the bisphenols level. Among the real time samples studied, the bisphenols level was observed to be very high in Kolleru Lake and it is having 17, 14, 8 and 12 ng/L of BPG, BPF, BPE and BPA, resp. confirms that due to high plastic pollution the bisphenols level was high in these samples. Hence, it can be concluded that the method can be suitable for the anal. of bisphenols in drinking water as well as in wastewater samples. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Product Details of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Product Details of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Comparative pharmacokinetics of 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after oral administration of Xuanfei Baidu granules was written by Wang, Xinrui;Zhang, Jingze;Luo, Lifei;Song, Xinbo;Wang, Ping;Liu, Dailin. And the article was included in Journal of Ethnopharmacology in 2022.Name: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Xuanfei Baidu prescription, consisting of 13 Chinese medicines, was formulated by academicians Boli Zhang and Professor Qingquan Liu based on their experience in first-line clin. treatment of COVID-19. Xuanfei Baidu granules (XFBD granules) are a proprietary Chinese medicine preparation developed based on Xuanfei Baidu prescription. It is recommended for the treatment of patients with the common wet toxin and lung stagnation syndrome of COVID-19. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of its major bioactive components in rats under different physiol. and pathol. conditions are unclear. A rapid and sensitive anal. method, ultra-performance liquid chromatog. coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), was developed and applied to 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after oral administration of XFBD granules. We studied the metabolic process of XFBD granules in vivo to compare the differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal and model metabolic processes. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic investigation of 24 major components of XFBD granules following oral administration in normal and ARDS rats. Eight components, including ephedrine and amygdalin, were more highly absorbed and had shorter Tmax values than the model group; the absorption of six components, such as rhein, decreased in ARDS rats, and there was no significant difference in the absorption of ten components, such as verbenalin and naringin, between the normal and ARDS rats. The results showed that the peak times of other analytes were very short, and 80% of these target constituents were eliminated in both normal and ARDS rats within 6 h except for liquiritigenin and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid. In this study, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS anal. method was developed and applied to 24 major bioactive components in normal and ARDS rats after the oral administration of XFBD granules. This will serve to form the basis for further studies on the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation of XFBD granules. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Name: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.Name: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Assessment of Feed Value of Chicory and Lucerne for Poultry, Determination of Bioaccessibility of Their Polyphenols and Their Effects on Caecal Microbiota was written by Iqbal, Yasir;Ponnampalam, Eric N.;Le, Hieu Huu;Artaiz, Olivia;Muir, Stephanie K.;Jacobs, Joe L.;Cottrell, Jeremy J.;Dunshea, Frank R.. And the article was included in Fermentation in 2022.COA of Formula: C30H26O12 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chicory and lucerne possess high feed value for poultry being good sources of protein and fiber. In addition, they are rich in polyphenols that help the body build an integrated antioxidant system to prevent damage from free radicals and pos. modulate microbial populations in the gastrointestinal tract. These health-promoting effects of polyphenols depend on their bioaccessibility and absorption in the animal body. The present paper aimed to study the bioaccessibility of polyphenols from chicory and lucerne after subjecting the samples to gastric and intestinal phases of digestion in an in vitro model of chicken gut and assessment of their feed value by measuring the presence of fermentable substrates (in terms of gas production), SCFAs produced and their effects on gut microbiota population during in vitro cecal fermentation Results revealed that the bioaccessibility of polyphenols varied with different polyphenol compounds The highest bioaccessibility was recorded for p-hydroxybenzoic acid (90.8%) from chicory following the intestinal phase of digestion. The lowest bioaccessibility was observed for quercetin-3-rhamnoside (12.6%) from chicory after the gastric phase of digestion. From lucerne, the highest bioaccessibility was recorded for kaempferol-3-glucoside (77.5%) after the intestinal phase of digestion. Total gas production was higher for lucerne (39.9 mL/g) than chicory (28.1 mL/g). Similarly, total SCFAs production was higher after 24 h of cecal fermentation with lucerne (42.2 mmol L-1) as compared to chicory (38.1 mmol L-1). Results also revealed that the relative abundance of Clostridium was reduced with chicory (0.225%) and lucerne (0.176%) as compared to the control (0.550%) after 24 h of cecal fermentation The relative abundance of Streptococcus was reduced by lucerne (4.845%) but was increased with chicory (17.267%) as compared to the control (5.204%) after 24 h of fermentation These findings indicated that chicory and lucerne differentially affected the microbial populations during in vitro cecal fermentation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8COA of Formula: C30H26O12).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.COA of Formula: C30H26O12

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Urinary levels of parabens, phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A and plasticizer alternatives in a Belgian population: Time trend or impact of an awareness campaign? was written by Pirard, Catherine;Charlier, Corinne. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A human biomonitoring study was carried out in 2015 within an adult population living in Liege (Belgium). Some phthalate metabolites and parabens were measured in the urine of 252 participants, and information were collected about their food habits, life styles and home environment to identify some predictors of exposure. Concomitantly, an awareness campaign was initiated by the Provincial Authorities of Liege and spread over 2 years. Three years later (2018), 92 of the initial participants provided again urine samples, and the levels of phthalate metabolites, phthalate substitute (DINCH), parabens, bisphenol-A and bisphenol alternatives (bisphenol-S, -F, -Z, -P) were determined and compared to those obtained in 2015 to assess time trends. In 2015, methyl- and ethylparaben were the most abundant parabens (P50 = 9.12 μg/L and 1.1 μg/L resp.), while propyl- and butylparaben were sparsely detected. Except for mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and 6-OH-mono-propyl-heptyl phthalate, all other targeted phthalate metabolites were pos. quantified in most of the urine samples (between 89 and 98%) with median concentrations ranging between 2.7 μg/L and 21.3 μg/L depending on the metabolite. The multivariate regression models highlighted some significant associations between urinary phthalate metabolite or paraben levels and age, rural or urban character of the residence place, and the use of some personal care products. However, all determination coefficients were weak meaning that the usual covariates included in the models only explained a small part of the variance. Between 2015 and 2018, levels of parabens and phthalate metabolites significantly decreased (from 1.3 to 2.5 fold) except for monoethyl phthalate which seemed to remain quite constant Contrariwise, all bisphenol alternatives and DINCH metabolites were measured in higher concentrations in 2018 vs 2015 while BPA levels did not differ significantly. However, it was not feasible to unequivocally highlight an impact of the awareness campaign on the exposure levels of the population. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Quality Control of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Volatilomics for halal and non-halal meatball authentication using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Pranata, Agy Wirabudi;Yuliana, Nancy Dewi;Amalia, Lia;Darmawan, Noviyan. And the article was included in Arabian Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Reference of 106-21-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The adulteration of beef meatballs with wild boar (Sus scrova) meat or chicken may be undertaken for economic reasons. This adulteration is a very sensitive issue, particularly for Muslim consumers, as the consumption of wild boar is strictly prohibited by Islamic law. This study aimed to discriminate volatile compounds in meatballs made from beef, chicken, and wild boar and mixtures thereof using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) and multivariate data anal. SPME is a non-destructive method for the extraction of volatile compounds and does not alter the original chem. composition of the volatiles. A validated partial least squares discriminant anal. (PLS-DA) model with three classes was used to uncover the discriminating volatiles of each type of meatball. The results indicated that β-cymene, 3-methyl-butanal, and 2-pentanol were among the pos. discriminating volatiles with the highest variable importance in projection (VIP) values among the chicken meatballs. The highest VIP pos. discriminating volatiles in the beef meatballs were 5-ethyl-m-xylene, benzaldehyde, and 3-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-hexadiene. The mixed meatballs exhibited an interesting profile, with all appearing in the same group as the pure wild boar meatballs. However, the discriminating volatiles derived from a sep. PLS-DA model indicated that they contained different compounds In the pure wild boar meatballs, six compounds (pentanal, 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone, 1-undecanol, cyclobutanol, 2,4,5-trimethyl-thiazole, and 5-ethyl-3-(3-methyl-5-Ph pyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine) were identified as discriminating volatile compounds with the highest VIP values. These compounds were consistently found as significant discriminating volatile compounds in mixture meatballs group although with different VIP value. This research demonstrated that SPME-GC/MS combined with multivariate data anal. was a fast and reliable method for differentiating meatballs made from beef, chicken, and wild boar meat based on their volatile compound contents. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Reference of 106-21-8).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Reference of 106-21-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Engineering transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli using an archaeal TetR-family transcription factor was written by Sybers, David;Joka Bernauw, Amber;El Masri, Diala;Ramadan Maklad, Hassan;Charlier, Daniel;De Mey, Marjan;Bervoets, Indra;Peeters, Eveline. And the article was included in Gene in 2022.Recommanded Product: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Synthetic biol. requires well-characterized biol. parts that can be combined into functional modules. One type of biol. parts are transcriptional regulators and their cognate operator elements, which enable to either generate an input-specific response or are used as actuator modules. A range of regulators has already been characterized and used for orthogonal gene expression engineering, however, previous efforts have mostly focused on bacterial regulators. This work aims to design and explore the use of an archaeal TetR family regulator, FadR_Sa from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, in a bacterial system, namely Escherichia coli. This is a challenging objective given the fundamental difference between the bacterial and archaeal transcription machinery and the lack of a native TetR-like FadR regulatory system in E. coli. The synthetic σ⁷⁰-dependent bacterial promoter proD was used as a starting point to design hybrid bacterial/archaeal promoter/operator regions, in combination with the mKate2 fluorescent reporter enabling a readout. Four variations of proD containing FadR_Sa binding sites were constructed and characterized. While expressional activity of the modified promoter proD was found to be severely diminished for two of the constructs, constructs in which the binding site was introduced adjacent to the -35 promoter element still displayed sufficient basal transcriptional activity and showed up to 7-fold repression upon expression of FadR_Sa. Addition of acyl-CoA has been shown to disrupt FadR_Sa binding to the DNA in vitro. However, extracellular concentrations of up to 2 mM dodecanoate, subsequently converted to acyl-CoA by the cell, did not have a significant effect on repression in the bacterial system. This work demonstrates that archaeal transcription regulators can be used to generate actuator elements for use in E. coli, although the lack of ligand response underscores the challenge of maintaining biol. function when transferring parts to a phylogenetically divergent host. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Recommanded Product: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Enhanced Toxicity of Bisphenols Together with UV Filters in Water: Identification of Synergy and Antagonism in Three-Component Mixtures was written by Kudlak, Blazej;Jatkowska, Natalia;Liu, Wen;Williams, Michael J.;Barcelo, Damia;Schioth, Helgi B.. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Recommanded Product: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) localize in the biome in variable combinations of complex mixtures that are often environmentally persistent, bioaccumulate and biomagnify, prompting a need for extensive monitoring. Many cosmetics include UV filters that are listed as CECs, such as benzophenone derivatives (oxybenzone, OXYB), cinnamates (2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, EMC) and camphor derivatives (4-methylbenzylidene-camphor, 4MBC). Furthermore, in numerous water sources, these UV filters have been detected together with Bisphenols (BPs), which are commonly used in plastics and can be physiol. detrimental. We utilized bioluminescent bacteria (Microtox assay) to monitor these CEC mixtures at environmentally relevant doses, and performed the first systematic study involving three sunscreen components (OXYB, 4MBC and EMC) and three BPs (BPA, BPS or BPF). Moreover, a breast cell line and cell viability assay were employed to determine the possible effect of these mixtures on human cells. Toxicity modeling, with concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) approaches, was performed, followed by data interpretation using Model Deviation Ratio (MDR) evaluation. The results show that UV filter sunscreen constituents and BPs interact at environmentally relevant concentrations Of notable interest, mixtures containing any pair of three BPs (e.g., BPA + BPS, BPA + BPF and BPS + BPF), together with one sunscreen component (OXYB, 4MBC or EMC), showed strong synergy or overadditive effects. On the other hand, mixtures containing two UV filters (any pair of OXYB, 4MBC and EMC) and one BP (BPA, BPS or BPF) had a strong propensity towards concentration dependent underestimation. The three-component mixtures of UV filters (4MBC, EMC and OXYB) acted in an antagonistic manner toward each other, which was confirmed using a human cell line model. This study is one of the most comprehensive involving sunscreen constituents and BPs in complex mixtures, and provides new insights into potentially important interactions between these compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Recommanded Product: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Recommanded Product: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Validated single urinary assay designed for exposomic multi-class biomarkers of common environmental exposures was written by Jagani, Ravikumar;Pulivarthi, Divya;Patel, Dhavalkumar;Wright, Rosalind J.;Wright, Robert O.;Arora, Manish;Wolff, Mary S.;Andra, Syam S.. And the article was included in Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry in 2022.Reference of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Epidemiol. studies often call for anal. methods that use a small biospecimen volume to quantify trace level exposures to environmental chem. mixtures Currently, as many as 150 polar metabolites of environmental chems. have been found in urine. Therefore, we developed a multi-class method for quantitation of biomarkers in urine. A single sample preparation followed by three LC injections was optimized in a proof-of-approach for a multi-class method. The assay was validated to quantify 50 biomarkers of exposure in urine, belonging to 7 chem. classes and 16 sub-classes. The classes represent metabolites of 12 personal care and consumer product chems. (PCPs), 5 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 5 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 18 pesticides, 5 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), 4 tobacco alkaloids, and 1 drug of abuse. Human urine (0.2 mL) was spiked with isotope-labeled internal standards, enzymically deconjugated, extracted by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. The methanol eluate from the cleanup was split in half and the first half analyzed for PCPs, PAH, and OPFR on a Betasil C18 column; and pesticides and VOC on a Hypersil Gold AQ column. The second half was analyzed for tobacco smoke metabolites and a drug of abuse on a Synergi Polar RP column. Limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 1.0 ng/mL of urine, with the majority ≤0.5 ng/mL (42/50). Anal. precision, estimated as relative standard deviation of intra- and inter-batch uncertainty, variabilities, was <20%. Extraction recoveries ranged from 83 to 109%. Results from the optimized multi-class method were qualified in formal international proficiency testing programs. Further method customization options were explored and method expansion was demonstrated by inclusion of up to 101 analytes of endo- and exogenous chems. This exposome-scale assay is being used for population studies with savings of assay costs and biospecimens, providing both quant. results and the discovery of unexpected exposures. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Reference of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Reference of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Long-term stability of several endocrine disruptors in the first morning urine samples and their associations with lifestyle characteristics was written by Jia, Lu-Lu;Luan, Yu-Ling;Shen, Hui-Min;Guo, Ying. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Related Products of 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Parabens, triclosan (TCS), bisphenols, benzophenones, and phthalates are typical endocrine disruptors (EDs) with short half-lives in the human body. The concentration levels of those EDs in a spot urine sample are frequently used in exposure assessment studies, and the reproducibility of urinary levels of these nonpersistent EDs should be considered. In the present study, we consecutively collected 45-day first morning void (FMV) urine samples, as well as daily questionnaires, in six recruited participants and measured the urinary concentrations of six parabens, TCS, nine bisphenols, five benzophenones, and ten phthalate metabolites by using high-performance liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry. MeP, EtP, PrP, TCS, BPA, BPS, BPF, and most phthalate metabolites were frequently detected (over 62% of samples). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for ED concentrations in FMV urine samples ranged from fair to excellent for MeP (0.683), EtP (0.702), BPA (0.505), BPS (0.908), BPF (0.887), BP-3 (0.712), mMP (0.661), mEP (0.523), mBP (0.500), miBP (0.724), mBzP (0.961) and all metabolites of DEHP (0.867-0.957), whereas they were low for PrP (0.321) and TCS (0.306). After creatinine adjustment, the values of ICCs for most target EDs were increased with mild to significant improvement. The stability of ED concentrations was affected by daily diet (MeP, TCS, BPA, mMP, miBP, mBP and mBzP), food containers (PrP and mECPP), use of personal care products (HMWP metabolites), pharmaceuticals (EtP) and recorded activities (BPS, mEHP, mBzP, mEHHP and mEOHP), as confirmed by a general linear mixed model. Furthermore, extending the FMV sampling period improved the probability of acceptable reproducibility (ICCs > 0.40) of MeP, EtP, BP-3 and mEP concentrations For BPS, BPF and HMWP metabolite concentrations showed high probabilities (>80%) of acceptable reproducibility in the last three days, and the increasing sample size slowly improved the ability to discriminate the subjects. The results were exactly the opposite for BPA concentrations This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Related Products of 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Related Products of 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts