Month: November 2022

Effect of lipopolymer (DSPE-PEG750) on phospholipid monolayers and bilayers differing in the structure of the polar head group was written by Kowalska, Magdalena;Broniatowski, Marcin;Mach, Marzena;Plachta, Lukasz;Wydro, Pawel. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Liquids in 2021.Product Details of 923-61-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Phospholipid liposomes are the most popular kind of vesicles used in drug delivery due to their high biocompatibility with biomembranes. However, this type of liposomes show some limitations related with their short half-life in bloodstream. This problem can be resolved by the coating of their surface with the application of PEG mols. which form steric and entropic barrier, avoiding recognition of encapsulated liposomes by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Such modification of liposomes significantly affects the physicochem. characteristics of PEGylated liposomes, which is related to the intermol. interactions between the lipopolymer mols. and the phospholipid that builds the liposome membrane. In our work we investigated the influence of the PEG-ylated lipid (DSPE-PEG750) on physicochem. properties of phospholipid monolayers and bilayers with different structure of the polar group (DPPC, DPPE, DPPS). The phospholipid monolayers were examined with the application of Langmuir monolayer technique and Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) as well as grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXD). The studies performed on phospholipid bilayer systems were related to dynamic light scattering and ζ potential measurements and the experiments with the calcein release and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of DPH. The obtained results showed that the type of polar group of phospholipid as well as the addition of PEG-ylated lipid significantly changes the mol. organization of phospholipid monolayers. Moreover, these parameters also influence the properties of phospholipid bilayers such as size, surface charge, stability and permeability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Product Details of 923-61-5).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Product Details of 923-61-5

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation was written by Luo, Jiani;Li, Minhao;Wu, Hanjing;Liu, Ziyao;Barrow, Colin;Dunshea, Frank;Suleria, Hafiz A. R.. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Application of 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop and rich in various bioactive compounds including phenolics, phytosterols, and vitamins. In this study, phenolic compounds were extracted from three varieties of sesame seeds (black, brown, and white) to determine the antioxidant activities and bioaccessibility of selected phenolic compounds during in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation The SCFAs production was also estimated Black sesame seeds performed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) (2.69 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacities during gastrointestinal digestion. During colonic fermentation, black and brown sesame seeds exhibited relatively higher TPC (4.13 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant activities (DPPH: 8.6 mg TE/g; FRAP: 4.1 mg TE/g). Kaempferol was the lowest bioaccessible phenolic compound presented in all three sesame seeds, which relied more on the action of gut microbiota. White sesame seeds displayed higher production of individual and total SCFAs followed by black sesame seeds, which could be beneficial to gut health. Novelty impact statement : Black and brown sesame seeds showed relatively higher content of phenolic compounds and remarkable antioxidant potential during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation The bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds present in brown and white sesame seeds was relatively higher than in black sesame seeds. Most of the detected phenolic compounds in selected sesame seeds were fully bioaccessible after 24 h of colonic fermentation, except kaempferol. White and black sesame seeds showed higher production of SCFAs, which would be more beneficial to gut health. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Application of 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Application of 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Activity of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in model lipid membrane at air-water interface was written by Matyszewska, Dorota;Zatloukalova, Martina;Bilewicz, Renata. And the article was included in Electrochimica Acta in 2019.Formula: C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase pump was reconstituted in proteoliposomes composed of DPPC:DPPE, which were then spread at the air-H₂O interface using Langmuir technique. In the presence of the enzyme in the liposomes the resulting lipidic layer at the air-H₂O interface became more liquid The effect of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase on the morphol. of Langmuir lipidic layers was monitored by Brewster angle microscopy, which showed the formation of lattice-like structure in between round-shaped lipid domains. The presence of protein stabilized the DPPC:DPPE mixed monolayer at the air-H₂O interface, which was revealed by surface pressure measurements in time and ascribed to H bond network formation between the protein and the lipids. The activity of the protein embedded in the lipidic Langmuir layer was measured using spectroscopy and voltammetry. Free phosphate released from ATP reacted with ammonium molybdate and the blue α-Keggin anion formed was detected spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 710 nm. The results based on spectroscopic assay were complemented with electrochem. methods. The activity of the enzyme could by switched off using the inhibitor – ouabain. The Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity (2.62 nmol mg^-1 min^-1) was similar to the activity of the protein solubilized using detergents (3.21 nmol mg^-1 min^-1). The slightly lower activity was ascribed to the defined orientation of the embedded protein mols. with respect to the air-H₂O interface needed for its activity at the air-H₂O interface. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Formula: C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Formula: C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kinetically guided, ratiometric tuning of fatty acid biosynthesis was written by Mains, Kathryn;Peoples, Jackson;Fox, Jerome M.. And the article was included in Metabolic Engineering in 2022.Computed Properties of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cellular metabolism is a nonlinear reaction network in which dynamic shifts in enzyme concentration help regulate the flux of carbon to different products. Despite the apparent simplicity of these biochem. adjustments, their influence on metabolite biosynthesis tends to be context-dependent, difficult to predict, and challenging to exploit in metabolic engineering. This study combines a detailed kinetic model with a systematic set of in vitro and in vivo analyses to explore the use of enzyme concentration as a control parameter in fatty acid synthesis, an essential metabolic process with important applications in oleochem. production Compositional analyses of a modeled and exptl. reconstituted fatty acid synthase (FAS) from Escherichia coli indicate that the concentration ratio of two native enzymes-a promiscuous thioesterase and a ketoacyl synthase-can tune the average length of fatty acids, an important design objective of engineered pathways. The influence of this ratio is sensitive to the concentrations of other FAS components, which can narrow or expand the range of accessible chain lengths. Inside the cell, simple changes in enzyme concentration can enhance product-specific titers by as much as 125-fold and elicit shifts in overall product profiles that rival those of thioesterase mutants. This work develops a kinetically guided approach for using ratiometric adjustments in enzyme concentration to control the product profiles of FAS systems and, broadly, provides a detailed framework for understanding how coordinated shifts in enzyme concentration can afford tight control over the outputs of nonlinear metabolic pathways. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Computed Properties of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Computed Properties of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A comparison between MBP- and NT* as N-terminal fusion partner for recombinant protein production in E. coli was written by Raran-Kurussi, Sreejith;Sharwanlal, Sarawata B.;Balasubramanian, Deepa;Mote, Kaustubh R.. And the article was included in Protein Expression and Purification in 2022.Related Products of 367-93-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Advances in structural biol. have been fueled in part by developing techniques for large-scale heterologous expression and purification of proteins. Nevertheless, this step is still a bottleneck in biophys. studies of many proteins. Often, fusion proteins are used to increase expression levels, solubility, or both. Here, we compare a recently reported fusion tag, NT*, with Maltose Binding Protein (MBP), a well-known fusion tag and solubility enhancer. The NT* shows high expression and solubility when used as an N-terminal fusion partner for several aggregation-prone peptides. Its efficacy in enhancing the solubility of aggregation-prone globular proteins has, however, not been tested. We find here that although the overall expression levels for NT* fusions are much higher than those for the MBP fusion, MBP was far superior for enhancing the solubility of the passenger protein. Nevertheless, the effective yield after purification from the soluble fraction of both MBP-fusion and NT*-fusion was comparable, mainly due to higher expression levels in NT*-fusion and a smaller fraction of the passenger protein net weight being locked in the fusion protein. We conclude that NT* is an excellent fusion tag to improve the overall expression of globular proteins but does not increase the passenger protein’s solubility compared to MBP. Proteins that are partially soluble or can be refolded in-vitro will significantly benefit from N-terminal NT* fusions. The MBP, however, still remains one of the very few options for an N-terminal fusion if the solubility of the protein after expression is critical for preserving its proper fold or activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Related Products of 367-93-1).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Related Products of 367-93-1

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Dynamic and single cell characterization of a CRISPR-interference toolset in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 for beta-ketoadipate production from p-coumarate was written by Fenster, Jacob A.;Werner, Allison Z.;Tay, Jian Wei;Gillen, Matthew;Schirokauer, Leo;Hill, Nicholas C.;Watson, Audrey;Ramirez, Kelsey J.;Johnson, Christopher W.;Beckham, Gregg T.;Cameron, Jeffrey C.;Eckert, Carrie A.. And the article was included in Metabolic Engineering Communications in 2022.Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is a well-studied bacterium for the conversion of lignin-derived aromatic compounds to bioproducts. The development of advanced genetic tools in P. putida has reduced the turnaround time for hypothesis testing and enabled the construction of strains capable of producing various products of interest. Here, we evaluate an inducible CRISPR-interference (CRISPRi) toolset on fluorescent, essential, and metabolic targets. Nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) expressed with the arabinose (8K)-inducible promoter was shown to be tightly regulated across various media conditions and when targeting essential genes. In addition to bulk growth data, single cell time lapse microscopy was conducted, which revealed intrinsic heterogeneity in knockdown rate within an isoclonal population. The dynamics of knockdown were studied across genomic targets in exponentially-growing cells, revealing a universal 1.75 ± 0.38 h quiescent phase after induction where 1.5 ± 0.35 doublings occur before a phenotypic response is observed To demonstrate application of this CRISPRi toolset, β-ketoadipate, a monomer for performance-advantaged nylon, was produced at a 4.39 ± 0.5 g/L and yield of 0.76 ± 0.10 mol/mol from p-coumarate, a hydroxycinnamic acid that can be derived from grasses. These cultivation metrics were achieved by using the higher strength IPTG (1K)-inducible promoter to knockdown the pcaIJ operon in the βKA pathway during early exponential phase. This allowed the majority of the carbon to be shunted into the desired product while eliminating the need for a supplemental carbon and energy source to support growth and maintenance. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Synthetic Route of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Potential efficacious materials investigation of Yi-Yi Mixture based on Metabolome-oriented network pharmacology strategy was written by Gong, Guan-wen;Tang, Wei-hong;Zhou, Zhuo;Jiang, Yan-wen;Wang, Cui-zhong;Cheng, Hui;Cao, Yuan;Jiang, Zhi-wei. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography B in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Yi-Yi Mixture, an efficient Chinese medicine preparation composed of four herbal medicines, has been used in clin. practice in China for the treatment of acute pancreatitis over twenty years. However, its functional materials against acute pancreatitis remains unclear, which is a huge obstacle for quality control. In this study, a metabolome-oriented network pharmacol. strategy was proposed to clarify its potential substances and further screen out quality markers. Firstly, an Ultra-High performance liquid chromatog. coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was utilized to profile the chem. constituents in Yi-Yi Mixture Secondly, metabolic exposure of chem. constituents as well as their global metabolites produced in biol. systems were profiled and defined as metabolome of Yi-Yi Mixture Then, the metabolome targets were predicted based on network anal. As a result, a total of 66 chem. components were characterized, including 6 stilbenes, 21 anthraquinones, 7 phenols, 13 neolignans, 3 naphthalenes and 16 other types. Moreover, metabolic profiles of YYM (32 prototypes and 37 metabolites) were analyzed in rat bio-samples. Among them, resveratrol, emodin, chrysophanol, rhein and their derivatives were detected in multiple tissues/organs, revealing their potential as key pharmacodynamic substances. These were further confirmed by metabolome-oriented network anal. and mol. docking techniques. This is the first comprehensive investigation on chem. and metabolic profiles of Yi-Yi Mixture, and the results provided scientific foundation for further research on quality control and clin.-safe medication administration. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Application In Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

PqsE expands and differentially modulates the RhlR quorum sensing regulon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was written by Letizia, Morgana;Mellini, Marta;Fortuna, Alessandra;Visca, Paolo;Imperi, Francesco;Leoni, Livia;Rampioni, Giordano. And the article was included in Microbiology Spectrum in 2022.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, many virulence traits are finely regulated by quorum sensing (QS), an intercellular communication system that allows the cells of a population to coordinate gene expression in response to cell d. The key aspects underlying the functionality of the complex regulatory network governing QS in P. aeruginosa are still poorly understood, including the interplay between the effector protein PqsE and the transcriptional regulator RhlR in controlling the QS regulon. Different studies have focused on the characterization of PqsE- and RhlR-controlled genes in genetic backgrounds in which RhlR activity can be modulated by PqsE and pqsE expression is controlled by RhlR, thus hampering identification of the distinct regulons controlled by PqsE and RhlR. In this study, a P. aeruginosa PAO1 mutant strain with deletion of multiple QS elements and inducible expression of pqsE and/or rhlR was generated and validated. Transcriptomic analyses performed on this genetic background allowed us to unambiguously define the regulons controlled by PqsE and RhlR when produced alone or in combination. Transcriptomic data were validated via reverse transcription-quant. PCR (RT-qPCR) and transcriptional fusions. Overall, our results showed that PqsE has a negligible effect on the P. aeruginosa transcriptome in the absence of RhlR, and that multiple RhlR subregulons exist with distinct dependency on PqsE. Overall, this study contributes to untangling the regulatory link between the pqs and rhl QS systems mediated by PqsE and RhlR and clarifying the impact of these QS elements on the P. aeruginosa transcriptome. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Electric Literature of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Signal amplification and optimization of riboswitch-based hybrid inputs by modular and titratable toehold switches was written by Hwang, Yunhee;Kim, Seong Gyeong;Jang, Sungho;Kim, Jongmin;Jung, Gyoo Yeol. And the article was included in Journal of Biological Engineering in 2021.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Synthetic biol. circuits are widely utilized to control microbial cell functions. Natural and synthetic riboswitches are attractive sensor modules for use in synthetic biol. applications. However, tuning the fold-change of riboswitch circuits is challenging because a deep understanding of the riboswitch mechanism and screening of mutant libraries is generally required. Therefore, novel mol. parts and strategies for straightforward tuning of the fold-change of riboswitch circuits are needed. In this study, we devised a toehold switch-based modulator approach that combines a hybrid input construct consisting of a riboswitch and transcriptional repressor and de-novo-designed riboregulators named toehold switches. First, the introduction of a pair of toehold switches and triggers as a downstream signal-processing module to the hybrid input for coenzyme B12 resulted in a functional riboswitch circuit. Next, several optimization strategies that focused on balancing the expression levels of the RNA components greatly improved the fold-change from 260- to 887-fold depending on the promoter and host strain. Further characterizations confirmed low leakiness and high orthogonality of five toehold switch pairs, indicating the broad applicability of this strategy to riboswitch tuning. The toehold switch-based modulator substantially improved the fold-change compared to the previous sensors with only the hybrid input construct. The programmable RNA-RNA interactions amenable to in silico design and optimization can facilitate further development of RNA-based genetic modulators for flexible tuning of riboswitch circuitry and synthetic biosensors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Electric Literature of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Network pharmacology of AYUSH recommended immune-boosting medicinal plants against COVID-19 was written by Khanal, Pukar;Duyu, Taaza;Patil, B. M.;Dey, Yadu Nandan;Pasha, Ismail;Wanjari, Manish;Gurav, Shailendra S.;Maity, Arindam. And the article was included in Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Ministry of AYUSH recommended the use of a decoction of the mixture of Ocimum tenuiflorum, Cinnamomum verum, Piper nigrum, Zingiber officinale, and Vitis vinifera as a preventive measure by boosting the immunity against the severity of infection caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19). The present study aimed to identify the probable modulated pathways by the combined action of AYUSH recommended herbal tea and golden milk formulation as an immune booster against COVID-19. Reported phytoconstituents of all the medicinal plants were retrieved from the ChEBI database, and their targets were predicted using DIGEP-Pred. STRING database and Cytoscape were used to predict the protein-protein interaction and construct the network, resp. Likewise, MolSoft and admet SAR2.0 were used to predict the druglikeness score and ADMET profile of phytoconstituents. The study identified the modulation of HIF-1, p53, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, cAMP, Ras, Wnt, NF-kappa B, IL-17, TNF, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways to boost the immune system. Further, multiple pathways were also identified which are involved in the regulation of pathogenesis of the multiple infections and non-infectious diseases due to the lower immune system. Results indicated that the recommended herbal formulation not only modulated the pathways involved in boosting the immunity but also modulated the multiple pathways that are contributing to the progression of multiple disease pathogenesis which would add the beneficial effect in the co-morbid patients of hypertension and diabetes. The study provides the scientific documentation of the role of the Ayurvedic formulation to combat COVID-19. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts