Month: November 2022

Cellulose@PO₃H: As an Efficient and Recyclable Ionic Liquid-Enabled Catalytic Greener Approach to One-Step Synthesis of Flavoring Ketones was written by Naikwadi, Dhanaji R.;Mehra, Sanjay;Ravi, Krishnan;Kumar, Arvind;Biradar, Ankush V.. And the article was included in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering in 2022.SDS of cas: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cellulose (CL) is widely available from the renewable biomaterial on the earth with a large number of hydroxyl functionalities on its surface. The appropriate modification of these functionalities results in the acidic and basic nature of the surface. In this work, the phosphoric group-functionalized CL ionic liquid (IL) has been successfully synthesized through phosphorylation of the CL surface. The phosphorus functionalization of CL was carried out in two steps; first, synthesis of IL (3, 5-lutidinium Me phosphate [Lut][(MeO)(H)PO₂]), followed by phosphorylation of cellulose (CLP-IL). Subsequently, CLP-IL has been characterized by various physicochem. techniques. Significant changes in the activity were observed, with marginal changes in the structural and morphol. properties of the native CL. CLP-IL has been utilized to synthesize industrially important flavoring ketones (FKs) via one-step alkylation-decarboxylation of active methylene compounds with substituted benzyl alcs. and halides. The functionalized CL IL could be quickly recovered in water and recycled at least five times without losing the catalytic activity. The optimized protocol has been successfully employed for the synthesis of FKs with an excellent conversion of substituted benzyl carbons in the range (90-100%) with 70-90% isolated yield of desired market valuable products. Furthermore, the mechanism was established by identifying the intermediates by physicochem. methods. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8SDS of cas: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Solvent-assisted preparation of supported lipid bilayers was written by Ferhan, Abdul Rahim;Yoon, Bo Kyeong;Park, Soohyun;Sut, Tun Naw;Chin, Hokyun;Park, Jae Hyeon;Jackman, Joshua A.;Cho, Nam-Joon. And the article was included in Nature Protocols in 2019.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The supported lipid bilayer (SLB) platform is a popular cell membrane mimic that is utilized in the chem., biol., materials science, and medical fields. To date, SLB preparation has proven challenging because of the need for specialized fabrication equipment, domain-specific knowledge about topics relevant to lipid self-assembly, and extensive training in the interfacial science field. Existing methods, such as vesicle fusion, also work with only a narrow range of lipid compositions and material supports. Here, we describe a recently developed simple and versatile protocol to form SLBs. The protocol is simple because it requires minimal sample preparation and only basic microfluidics, making it tech. accessible to researchers across different scientific disciplines. The protocol is versatile because it works on a wide range of material supports, such as silicon oxide, gold, and graphene, and is compatible with diverse lipid compositions, including sterols and signaling lipids. The main stages of the procedure involve dissolving a lipid sample in an organic solvent, depositing the lipid solution on a solid support, and replacing the organic solvent with aqueous buffer. In addition, we provide procedures for characterizing the quality of the prepared SLBs and present examples of biofunctionalization procedures. The protocol takes 1-2 h and is broadly useful in various application contexts, including clin. diagnostics, biosensing, and cellular interfaces. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Chemical typicity of tropical tannat red wines from sub-middle Sao Francisco Valley, Brazil was written by Alves, Carlos Artur Nascimento;Biasoto, Aline Camarao Telles;Torres, Luis Henrique Pereira de Sa;Correa, Luiz Claudio;Leao, Patricia Coelho de Souza;Barros, Ana Paula Andre;de Vasconcelos, Lucicleia Barros. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Tannat is a Vitis vinifera cultivar with typically high phenolic compound contents, showing intense coloration, well-bodied, and great aging potential. However, even with this great potential, this variety is still com. underexplored in the Sub-middle Sao Francisco Valley (SSFV). This work aimed to characterize the typicity of Tannat red wines from Sub-middle Sao Francisco Valley (SSFV), Brazil. In addition, the present work represents the first study featuring phenolic compounds quantification and antioxidant activity of Tannat in tropical climate wine-producing regions. Considering the condition of a short-applied maceration time during the winemaking, the tropical Tannat wine showed significant antioxidant activity and high phenolic contents. Trans-caftaric, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, and procyanidin B1 stood out among the phenolic compounds quantified, presenting Tannat with the potential to be an important grape variety to tropical wine-producing regions in Brazil, containing high contents of bioactive compounds Previously results to compounds (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, procyanidin B2, quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, chlorogenic acid, and piceatannol were not found in Tannat wines. Further studies are necessary to make the Tannat grape’s adaptation better in tropical climate conditions, including investigating the phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Tannat red wines with longer maceration times during the winemaking. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Quality Control of (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effects of monomer rigidity on microstructures and properties of novel polyamide thin-film composite membranes prepared through interfacial polymerization for pervaporation dehydration was written by Lee, Jen-Yu;Huang, Ting-Yi;Belle Marie Yap Ang, Micah;Huang, Shu-Hsien;Tsai, Hui-An;Jeng, Ru-Jong. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were produced through interfacial polymerization between diamine and trimesoyl chloride on a polyetherimide (PEI) support. The TFC membranes with different diamines, 4,4′-((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))dianiline (BAPP), 4,4′-((methylene bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))dianiline (MPDA), and 6,6′-bis(4-aminopheoxy)-4,4,4′,4′,7,7′-hexamethyl-2,2′-spirobichroman (SBC), were denoted as TFC_PEI/B, TFC_PEI/M, and TFC_PEI/S, resp. These three aromatic diamines have different central moieties that affect reactivity during the interfacial polymerization reaction. The crosslinking degree of the TFC membranes increased in the following order: TFC_PEI/S < TFC_PEI/M < TFC_PEI/B. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy anal. also unveils that TFC_PEI/B had the lowest free volume These results reveal that the appropriate steric structure of the diamine mols. can create less compact structure without impeding the formation of the crosslinked polyamide selective layer. Moreover, the TFC_PEI/B membrane had a flux of approx. 705±46 g•m^-2 h^-1, and the water concentration in the permeate was maintained at approx. 99.8% at 25° during the 70% isopropanol solution dehydration. Furthermore, the TFC_PEI/B membrane can be operated under broad operating conditions and possesses high long-term stability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8COA of Formula: C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.COA of Formula: C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Application of an Escherichia coli triple reporter strain for at-line monitoring of single-cell physiology during L-phenylalanine production was written by Hoang, Manh Dat;Doan, Dieu Thi;Schmidt, Marlen;Kranz, Harald;Kremling, Andreas;Heins, Anna-Lena. And the article was included in Engineering in Life Sciences.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biotechnol. production processes are sustainable approaches for the production of biobased components such as amino acids for food and feed industry. Scale-up from ideal lab-scale bioreactors to large-scale processes is often accompanied by loss in productivity. This may be related to population heterogeneities of cells originating from isogenic cultures that arise due to dynamic non-ideal conditions in the bioreactor. To better understand this phenomenon, deeper insights into single-cell physiologies in bioprocesses are mandatory before scale-up. Here, a triple reporter strain (3RP) was developed by chromosomally integrating the fluorescent proteins mEmerald, CyOFP1, and mTagBFP2 into the L-phenylalanine producing Escherichia coli strain FUS4 (pF81_kan) to allow monitoring of growth, oxygen availability, and general stress response of the single cells. Functionality of the 3RP was confirmed in well-mixed lab-scale fed-batch processes with glycerol as carbon source in comparison to the strain without fluorescent proteins, leading to no difference in process performance. Fluorescence levels could successfully reflect the course of related process state variables, revealed population heterogeneities during the transition between different process phases and potentially subpopulations that exhibit superior process performance. Furthermore, indications were found for noise in gene expression as regulation strategy against environmental perturbation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Electric Literature of C9H18O5S).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Electric Literature of C9H18O5S

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cassia sieberiana root bark used in traditional medicine in Togo: Anthelmintic property against Haemonchus contortus and tannins composition was written by Kpabi, Iwaba;Munsch, Thibaut;Agban, Amegninou;Thery-Kone, Isabelle;Dorat, Joelle;Boudesocque-Delaye, Leslie;Delaye, Pierre-Olivier;Neveu, Cedric;Lanoue, Arnaud;Enguehard-Gueiffier, Cecile. And the article was included in South African Journal of Botany.HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Helminth infections of livestock result in economic losses around the globe. The majority of the people in West Africa treats such infections with medicinal plants related to the local traditional medicine. In a previous ethnomedicinal survey carried out in the north of Togo, traditional healers frequently cited Cassia sieberiana DC to treat helminth infections. The aim of the present study was to validate the traditional application of C. sieberiana root bark as a dewormer and to analyze the metabolite composition in preparations with this activity. Two tannin-rich fractions (FrE14 and FrE15) obtained from Et acetate extract were submitted to UPLC-MS anal. The anthelmintic activity of C. sieberiana extracts and tannins-rich fractions was investigated on the small ruminant parasite Haemonchus contortus using Larval Migration Inhibition tests. The Et acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts significantly disrupted larval migration of Haemonchus contortus L3 with inhibition of 30.3%, 22.2% and 26.5% resp. at 2.5 mg/mL, as compared to neg. control. The two tannin-rich fractions, FrE14 and FrE15 presented larval migration inhibition of 6.5% and 20.7% resp. at the same concentration From these two fractions, 28 flavan-3-ols were identified including 3 monomers (catechin, epicatechin and epiafzelechin), 22 dimers (7 homodimers and 15 heterodimers) as well as 3 newly described trimers consisting of (epi)afzelechin, (ent)cassiaflavan or (epi)guibourtidinol subunits. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidized without breaking carbon-carbon bonds only as far as the ketone stage. No further oxidation is seen except under very stringent conditions.HPLC of Formula: 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A Detailed View on the Proanthocyanidins in Ginkgo Extract EGb 761 was written by Kulic, Zarko;Ritter, Thomas;Roeck, Birgit;Elsaesser, Jens;Schneider, Heike;Germer, Stefan. And the article was included in Planta Medica in 2022.SDS of cas: 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The Ginkgo extract EGb 761 manufactured with leaves of Ginkgo bilobahas been continuously produced over decades at a large scale and is used as a clin. proven remedy for, among other things, the improvement of age-associated cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with mild dementia. It belongs to the class of extracts addressed as quantified extracts according to the European Pharmacopeia. Accordingly, several compounds (e.g., flavone glycosides and terpene trilactones) are acknowledged to contribute to its clin. efficacy. Covering only about 30% of the mass balance, these characterized compounds are accompanied by a larger fraction of addnl. compounds, which might also contribute to the clin. efficacy and safety of the extract As part of our systematic research to fully characterize the constituents of Ginkgo extract EGb 761, we focus on the structural class of proanthocyanidins in the present study. Structural insights into the proanthocyanidins present in EGb 761 and a quant. method for their determination using HPLC are shown. The proanthocyanidins were found to be of oligomeric to polymeric structure, which yield delphinidin and cyanidin as main building blocks after acidic hydrolysis. A validated HPLC method for quantification of the anthocyanidins was developed in which delphinidin and cyanidin were detected after hydrolysis of the proanthocyanidins. The content of proanthocyanidins in Ginkgo extract EGb 761 was found to be approx. 7%. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8SDS of cas: 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. The oxygen atom of the strongly polarized O―H bond of an alcohol pulls electron density away from the hydrogen atom. This polarized hydrogen, which bears a partial positive charge, can form a hydrogen bond with a pair of nonbonding electrons on another oxygen atom. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.SDS of cas: 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Effect of pigmentation on polyurethane/polysiloxane hybrid coatings was written by Gao, Tongzhai;Maya-Visuet, Enrique;He, Zhouying;Castaneda-Lopez, Homero;Zvonkina, Irina J.;Soucek, Mark D.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2016.Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Rutile TiO₂ was formulated into polyurethane/polysiloxane hybrid coatings in order to investigate the influence of pigmentation on the inorganic phase of the hybrid coatings. Two urethanes were prepared from the isocyanurate of hexane diisocyanate (HDI), alkoxysilane modified HDI, and tetra-Et orthosilicate (TEOS) oligomers, with oligoesters derived from either cyclohexane diacids (CHDA) and 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol (BEPD) or adipic acid (AA), isophthalic acid (IPA), 1,6-hexanediol (HD), and trimethylol propane (TMP). The oligoesters were spectroscopically characterized using GPC, FT-IR, and NMR. Chem. interaction between the TiO₂ and the sol-gel precursor was investigated using solid-state ²⁹Si NMR and XPS. The morphol., mech., viscoelastic, thermal properties of the pigmented coatings are evaluated as a function of pigmentation volume concentration (PVC). Using AFM and SEM, the pigment was observed to be well dispersed in the polymer binder. The thermal stability, the tensile modulus, and strength of the coatings were enhanced with increasing PVC, whereas the pull-off adhesion and flexibility (elongation-at-break) were reduced with increasing PVC. Finally, the pigmented coatings were evaluated by electrochem. impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the results showed that 10 wt % of the pigment improved the corrosion resistance of the entire coating system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42947. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol).

2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol (cas: 115-84-4) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Name: 2-Butyl-2-ethylpropane-1,3-diol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

A second life for wine grapes: Discovering potentially bioactive oligosaccharides and phenolics in chardonnay marc and its processing fractions was written by Sinrod, Amanda J. G.;Li, Xueqi;Bhattacharya, Mrittika;Paviani, Bruna;Wang, Selina C.;Barile, Daniela. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Reference of 27208-80-6 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chardonnay marc (pomace), an agricultural waste product, has demonstrated significant potential health benefits in previous studies. This study represents the first comprehensive chem. characterization of chardonnay marc, its seed and seedless fractions, and a seed extract to uncover the bioactive compounds inducing their observed health benefits. Chardonnay marc and its processing fractions’ gross composition (i.e. protein, lignin, fat, carbohydrates, polysaccharides), phenolic contents, and oligosaccharide profiles were determined The chardonnay seeds contained higher quantities of protein, fat, and polysaccharides than the seedless marc while the seedless marc contained more total carbohydrates and sugars. All samples had abundant phenolics with the seed extract being the most concentrated (34.72 ± 0.13 mg/g). (-)-Gallocatechin was the most abundant phenolic in the marc (1.4905 ± 0.0393 mg/g) and seedless marc (0.94 ± 0.04 mg/g), and (-)-epicatechin was the most concentrated phenolic in the seeds (9.4093 ± 0.1018 mg/g) and seed extract (14.22 ± 0.09 mg/g). Thirty-six distinct oligosaccharides were discovered between the four samples with three to nine ds.p. and eleven distinct monosaccharide subunits. Overlap existed between the samples’ oligosaccharides with six of the same hexose and hexose-pentose oligosaccharides present in all. Each sample, however, had a distinct oligosaccharide profile such as with eight oligosaccharides unique to the seed extract This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Reference of 27208-80-6).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are among the most common organic compounds. They are used as sweeteners and in making perfumes, are valuable intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds, and are among the most abundantly produced organic chemicals in industry. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Reference of 27208-80-6

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Toxicity screening of bisphenol A replacement compounds: cytotoxicity and mRNA expression in LMH 3D spheroids was written by Sharin, Tasnia;Crump, Doug;O’Brien, Jason M.. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2022.Computed Properties of C13H12O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Previously, we showed that the chicken LMH cell line cultured as 3D spheroids may be a suitable animal free alternative to primary chicken embryonic hepatocytes (CEH) for avian in vitro chem. screening. In this study, cytotoxicity and mRNA expression were determined in LMH 3D spheroids following exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), five BPA replacement compounds (BPF, TGSH, DD-70, BPAF, BPSIP), and 17βestradiol (E2). Results were compared to an earlier study that evaluated the same endpoints for these chems. in CEH. BPA and the replacement compounds had LC50 values ranging from 16.6 to 81.8μM; DD-70 and BPAF were the most cytotoxic replacements (LC50 = 17.23 ± 4.51 and 16.6 ± 4.78μM). TGSH and DD-70 modulated the greatest number of genes, although fewer than observed in CEH. Based on the expression of apovitellenin and vitellogenin, BPAF was the most estrogenic compound followed by BPF, BPSIP, and BPA. More estrogen-responsive genes were modulated in LMH spheroids compared to CEH. Concentration-dependent gene expression revealed that DD-70 and BPAF altered genes related to lipid and bile acid regulation. Overall, cytotoxicity and clustering of replacements based on gene expression profiles were similar between LMH spheroids and CEH. In addition to generating novel gene expression data for five BPA replacement compounds in an in vitro avian model, this research demonstrates that LMH spheroids may represent a useful animal free alternative for avian toxicity testing. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Computed Properties of C13H12O2).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. A multistep synthesis may use Grignard-like reactions to form an alcohol with the desired carbon structure, followed by reactions to convert the hydroxyl group of the alcohol to the desired functionality.Computed Properties of C13H12O2

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts