Month: November 2022

Toxicity and behavioral response of zebrafish exposed to combined microplastic and bisphenol analogues was written by Mu, Xiyan;Qi, Suzhen;Liu, Jia;Yuan, Lilai;Huang, Ying;Xue, Jiaying;Qian, Le;Wang, Chengju;Li, Yingren. And the article was included in Environmental Chemistry Letters in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Microplastics and bisphenol analogs are emerging environmental pollutants widely occurring in freshwaters. Harmful effects of microplastics and bisphenols have been studied individually, yet there is few knowledge on their combined effect. Here, we conducted acute toxicity tests using embryonic and larval zebrafish to assess the combined lethality after co-exposure of bisphenol A or F and 0.5- and 25-μm polystyrene microplastic particles. We monitored the accumulation of microplastics in zebrafish. We also studied the impact on the behavior of larval zebrafish. Results show that co-exposure of bisphenols and polystyrene microplastics increased lethality of larvae by 6.8-51% for bisphenol F and by 6.7-30.1% for bisphenol A. However, the bisphenol lethality toward embryos remains unchanged in the presence of microplastics. Fluorescence anal. shows that 0.5- and 25-μm microplastics accumulate in the larvae gastrointestinal area in a dose-dependent pattern, but did not concentrate in the embryo. Overall, co-exposure of polystyrene microplastics and bisphenol analogs displayed stronger behavioral effects, e.g. reduced moving distance and activity, toward zebrafish larvae, compared with single pollutant exposure. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized at all without breaking carbon-carbon bonds, whereas primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes or further oxidized to carboxylic acids.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Methylenediphenol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Bisphenol A, S or F mother’s dermal impregnation impairs offspring immune responses in a dose and sex-specific manner in mice was written by Malaise, Yann;Lencina, Corinne;Cartier, Christel;Olier, Maiwenn;Menard, Sandrine;Guzylack-Piriou, Laurence. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenol (BP)A is an endocrine disruptor (ED) widely used in thermal papers. Regulatory restrictions have been established to prevent risks for human health, leading to BPA substitution by structural analogs, like BPS and BPF. We previously demonstrated that oral perinatal exposure to BPA had long-term consequences on immune responses later in life. It appears now essential to enhance our understanding on immune impact of different routes of BP exposure. In this study, we aimed at comparing the impact of mother dermal exposure to BPs on offspring immune system at adulthood. Gravid mice were dermally exposed to BPA, BPS or BPF at 5 or 50μg/kg of body weight (BW)/day (d) from gestation day 15 to weaning of pups at post-natal day (PND)21. In offspring, BPs dermal impregnation of mothers led to adverse effects on immune response at intestinal and systemic levels that was dependent on the BP, the dose and offspring sex. These findings provide, for the first time, results on long-term consequences of dermal perinatal BPs exposure on immune responses in offspring. This work warns that it is mandatory to consider immune markers, dose exposure as well as sex in risk assessment associated with new BPA’s alternatives. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8).

4,4′-Methylenediphenol (cas: 620-92-8) belongs to alcohols. A strong base can deprotonate an alcohol to yield an alkoxide ion (R―O−). For example, sodamide (NaNH2), a very strong base, abstracts the hydrogen atom of an alcohol. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.HPLC of Formula: 620-92-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Searching for Blockers of Dengue and West Nile Virus Viroporins was written by Lahiri, Hiya;Arkin, Isaiah T.. And the article was included in Viruses in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Flavivirus infections, such as those caused by dengue and West Nile viruses, emerge as new challenges for the global healthcare sector. It has been found that these two viruses encode ion channels collectively termed viroporins. Therefore, drug mols. that block such ion-channel activity can serve as potential antiviral agents and may play a primary role in therapeutic purposes. We screened 2839 FDA-approved drugs and compounds in advanced exptl. phases using three bacteria-based channel assays to identify such ion channel blockers. We primarily followed a neg. genetic screen in which the channel is harmful to the bacteria due to excessive membrane permeabilization that can be relieved by a blocker. Subsequently, we cross-checked the outcome with a pos. genetic screen and a pH-dependent assay. The following drugs exhibited potential blocker activities: plerixafor, streptomycin, tranexamic acid, CI-1040, glecaprevir, kasugamycin, and mesna were effective against dengue virus DP1. In contrast, idasanutlin, benzbromarone, 5-azacytidine, and plerixafor were effective against West Nile Virus MgM. These drugs can serve as future antiviral therapeutic agents following subsequent in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 367-93-1) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Application In Synthesis of (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(isopropylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Polydatin protects Schwann cells from methylglyoxal induced cytotoxicity and promotes crushed sciatic nerves regeneration of diabetic rats was written by Chen, Lulu;Chen, Zixiang;Xu, Zhuqiu;Feng, Weifeng;Yang, Xiaonan;Qi, Zuoliang. And the article was included in Phytotherapy Research in 2021.Electric Literature of C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Oxidative stress plays the main role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. Polydatin (PD) has been shown to exhibit strong antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects. At present, no research has focused on the possible effects of PD on Schwann cells and impaired peripheral nerves in diabetic models. Here, we used an in vitro Schwann cell damage model induced by methylglyoxal and an in vivo diabetic sciatic nerve crush model to study problems in such an area. In our experiment, we demonstrated that PD potently alleviated the decrease of cellular viability, prevented reactive oxygen species generation, and suppressed mitochondrial depolarization as well as cellular apoptosis in damaged Schwann cells. Moreover, we found that PD could upregulate Nrf2 and Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) expression and inhibit Keap1 and receptor of AGEs (RAGE) expression of damaged Schwann cells. Finally, our in vivo experiment showed that PD could promote sciatic nerves repair of diabetic rats. Our results revealed that PD exhibited prominent neuroprotective effects on Schwann cells and sciatic nerves in diabetic models. The mol. mechanisms were associated with activating Nfr2 and GLO1 and inhibiting Keap1 and RAGE. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Electric Literature of C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Because alcohols are easily synthesized and easily transformed into other compounds, they serve as important intermediates in organic synthesis. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Electric Literature of C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Integrated multiplatform-based metabonomics and network analysis to explore the mechanism of Polygonum cuspidatum on hyperlipidemia was written by Wang, Min;Xu, Jie;Zhang, Yuxin;Yang, Na;Ge, Weihong;Song, Rui. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography B in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H22O8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor and pathol. basis for cardiovascular diseases. Polygonum cuspidatum (HZ), a famous traditional Chinese medicine, is frequently used to treat hyperlipidemia. However, little is known about its underlying mechanism. Herein, an integrated approach combining multiplatform-based metabonomics and network anal. was adopted to elucidate the ameliorative mechanism of HZ on hyperlipidemia. The global metabolomic characters of HZ on hyperlipidemia were investigated by GC-MS and LC-MS based metabonomics. Significant metabonomic alterations were observed in hyperlipidemic group, which could be restored by HZ supplementation. Furthermore, the drug-ingredients-target-metabolic pathway network was constructed, and the result indicated that HZ exhibited hypolipidemic efficacy through resveratrol, polydatin, torachrysone-8-O-β-D-(6′-oxayl)-glucoside, physciondiglucoside, (+)-catechin, β-sitosterol, quercetin, luteolin and physovenine acting on phospholipase A2, unspecific monooxygenase, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase, aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase, alc. dehydrogenase and triacylglycerol lipase. In conclusion, this study explored potential mechanism of HZ on hyperlipidemia with the aid of the integrated approach combining multiplatform-based metabonomics and network anal., which might provide a theor. basis for the clin. application of HZ. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Computed Properties of C20H22O8).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alcohols are weak acids. The most acidic simple alcohols (methanol and ethanol) are about as acidic as water, and most other alcohols are somewhat less acidic. Under carefully controlled conditions, simple alcohols can undergo intermolecular dehydration to give ethers. This reaction is effective only with methanol, ethanol, and other simple primary alcohols.Computed Properties of C20H22O8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS characterization of phenolic compounds in wines from Vitis vinifera Shesh i bardhe and Vlosh cultivars was written by Topi, Dritan;Kelebek, Hasim;Guclu, Gamze;Selli, Serkan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.SDS of cas: 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Phenolic compounds in white wines produced by cv. Shesh i bardhe, and red wines produced by cv. Vlosh, two native grape cultivars of Albania, was investigated by using Liquid Chromatog.-Diode Array Detection-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). A total of 32 phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and stilbenes were identified in both wines, with flavanols the main family contributing to total phenolics, from 45.3% to 89.9%. Gallic acid, procyanidin dimer, and trans-caftaric acid were found main compounds in both wines. Significant differences have been found depending on the region and vintage. It was observed that total phenolic content in wines from the Durresi region stands higher compared to wines originating from the Tirana region. As a result, significant variations were found among the cultivars in terms of the phenolic profiles, and Shesh i bardhe wines phenolic compounds were much higher than the Vlosh wines. This is the first study on the phenolic compounds of the white wine from Shesh i bardhe grape cv. and red wine produced by Vlosh cv. in Albania. The presence of 30 phenolic compounds was identified through LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, with flavanols the main family contributing to total phenolics, from 45.3% to 89.9%. Gallic acid, procyanidin dimers, as well as resveratrol were found in both wines. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8SDS of cas: 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.SDS of cas: 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS characterization of phenolic compounds in wines from Vitis vinifera Shesh i bardhe and Vlosh cultivars was written by Topi, Dritan;Kelebek, Hasim;Guclu, Gamze;Selli, Serkan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2022.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Phenolic compounds in white wines produced by cv. Shesh i bardhe, and red wines produced by cv. Vlosh, two native grape cultivars of Albania, was investigated by using Liquid Chromatog.-Diode Array Detection-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). A total of 32 phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and stilbenes were identified in both wines, with flavanols the main family contributing to total phenolics, from 45.3% to 89.9%. Gallic acid, procyanidin dimer, and trans-caftaric acid were found main compounds in both wines. Significant differences have been found depending on the region and vintage. It was observed that total phenolic content in wines from the Durresi region stands higher compared to wines originating from the Tirana region. As a result, significant variations were found among the cultivars in terms of the phenolic profiles, and Shesh i bardhe wines phenolic compounds were much higher than the Vlosh wines. This is the first study on the phenolic compounds of the white wine from Shesh i bardhe grape cv. and red wine produced by Vlosh cv. in Albania. The presence of 30 phenolic compounds was identified through LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, with flavanols the main family contributing to total phenolics, from 45.3% to 89.9%. Gallic acid, procyanidin dimers, as well as resveratrol were found in both wines. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(3-Hydroxy-5-((E)-4-hydroxystyryl)phenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol (cas: 27208-80-6) belongs to alcohols. Alkyl halides are often synthesized from alcohols, in effect substituting a halogen atom for the hydroxyl group. Alcohols may be oxidized to give ketones, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids. These functional groups are useful for further reactions. Oxidation of organic compounds generally increases the number of bonds from carbon to oxygen (or another electronegative element, such as a halogen), and it may decrease the number of bonds to hydrogen.Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

ABA signaling mediates 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in red pear fruits was written by Cao, Xiaoyun;Sun, Huili;Wang, Xinyue;Li, Wenxu;Wang, Xiaoqian. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Reference of 29106-49-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Peel color is an important quality trait of pears and directly affects its com. value. Although several studies have reported that exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of ALA on anthocyanin biosynthesis in the red pear ‘Nanhong’ and elucidate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Application of ALA solution (100 or 300 mg L-1) promoted arbutin, flavonol, and anthocyanin accumulation, but decreased chlorogenic acid and flavanol content, especially at 300 mg L-1. The structural gene transcriptional levels and transcription factors (PuMYB10 and PubHLH33) associated with anthocyanin synthesis were also enhanced by ALA treatment. Furthermore, ALA treatment increased the endogenous ABA content and upregulated the expression of ABA biosynthesis-related genes. Addnl., the influence of ALA on anthocyanin biosynthesis was removed by the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, while the expression of PuMYB10, PuUFGT, and PuGSTF12, which were induced by exogenous ABA and ALA treatments, was suppressed. These results suggest that ABA signaling plays a crucial role in ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation in red pear fruits. The results can provide a theor. basis for improving the color and fruit quality of red pears. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8Reference of 29106-49-8).

(2R,2’R,3R,3’R,4R)-2,2′-Bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[4,8′-bichromane]-3,3′,5,5′,7,7′-hexaol (cas: 29106-49-8) belongs to alcohols. Similar to water, an alcohol can be pictured as having an sp3 hybridized tetrahedral oxygen atom with nonbonding pairs of electrons occupying two of the four sp3 hybrid orbitals. The most common reactions of alcohols can be classified as oxidation, dehydration, substitution, esterification, and reactions of alkoxides.Reference of 29106-49-8

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Impact of alkalization conditions on the phytochemical content of cocoa powder and the aroma of cocoa drinks was written by Sioriki, Eleni;Lemarcq, Valerie;Alhakim, Fauzan;Triharyogi, Harry;Tuenter, Emmy;Cazin, Catherine S. J.;Nolan, Steven P.;Pieters, Luc;Van de Walle, Davy;Dewettinck, Koen. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2021.Quality Control of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Alkalization is an important process in cocoa powder production that affects color and flavor. In this study, the impact of alkalization temperature (60, 70, 80, 90, 100°C), NaOH concentration (0.59, 1.17, 2.34, 3.59% weight/weight of cocoa powder) and alkalization time (1 and 10 min) on the physicochem. properties (pH, color) and phytochem. profile (theobromine, caffeine, epicatechin, catechin) of cocoa powder were investigated, while the aroma was studied on the corresponding cocoa drinks. High-performance liquid chromatog. coupled to an ultra-violet detector (HPLC-UV) was used for screening the non-volatiles and headspace solid – phase microextraction – gas chromatog. – mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) for the aromatic compounds Major changes of the cocoa properties occurred during the first minute of alkalization. Increase of temperature and alkali concentration generally reduced the levels of epicatechin and the lightness (L*), while the pH of the cocoa powder was affected by changing the alkali concentration On the other hand, the reddish (a*) and yellowish (b*) color component values and theobromine levels were not significantly affected by varying temperature and alkali concentration A higher temperature did not affect the concentration of the volatile compounds, while a decrease in certain chem. classes was observed by increasing the alkali concentration This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8Quality Control of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol).

3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol (cas: 106-21-8) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Grignard and organolithium reagents are powerful tools for organic synthesis, and the most common products of their reactions are alcohols.Quality Control of 3,7-Dimethyloctan-1-ol

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Development of site-specific antibody-conjugated immunoliposomes for sensitive detection of disease biomarkers was written by Zhang, Xiao-Kun;Yang, Hong-Ming;Li, Meng-Ran;Gao, Xiao-Yi;Sun, Xiao-Wei;Sun, Xi-Feng;Tang, Jin-Bao. And the article was included in Nanoscale in 2021.Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Liposome-based immunoassay (LIA) is an attractive protocol for amplifying the detection signals because of the excellent ability of liposomes to encapsulate signal marker compounds The antigen-binding activity of the conjugated antibodies on the liposomal surface is crucial for the specificity and sensitivity of LIA. We present here a general platform to ensure that antibodies can conjugate onto the surface of liposomes in a site-specific and oriented manner. A His-handle-modified antibody with Fc region-specific and covalent conjugation was first fabricated using a photoactivatable Z_Bpa-His tag that was engineered using the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/suppressor tRNA technique. Based on the high affinity between the His tag and divalent metal ions, the novel His-modified antibody was oriented onto the surface of nickel ion-modified liposomes encapsulating horseradish peroxidase. With the prostate-specific antigen as a model, the detection efficiency of the new immunoliposomes was evaluated by chemiluminescence immunoassay. The immunoliposomes exhibited a limit of detection of 0.2 pg mL^-1, which was a six time improvement compared with that of the chem.-coupled antibody-liposome conjugates. Thus, the proposed immunoliposomes are expected to hold potential applications for the sensitive detection of various biomarkers in complicated serum samples. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P).

(2R)-3-(((2-Aminoethoxy)(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy)propane-1,2-diyl dipalmitate (cas: 923-61-5) belongs to alcohols. Under appropriate conditions, inorganic acids also react with alcohols to form esters. To form these esters, a wide variety of specialized reagents and conditions can be used. Converting an alcohol to an alkene requires removal of the hydroxyl group and a hydrogen atom on the neighbouring carbon atom. Dehydrations are most commonly carried out by warming the alcohol in the presence of a strong dehydrating acid, such as concentrated sulfuric acid.Computed Properties of C37H74NO8P

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts