Month: October 2022

Kumar, Ravi; Rajarajeshwari, N.; Swamy V. B., Narayana published the artcile< Borassus flabellifer fruit mucilage: potential biodegradable carrier for colon specific drug delivery>, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6, the main research area is olsalazine sodium Borassus mucilage colon matrix tablet drug delivery.

The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of Borassus flabellifer mucilage (BFM) to act as a biodegradable carrier for colon specific drug delivery. Hence an attempt was made to develop matrix tablet of olsalazine sodium based formulation using BFM which protects the drug in upper GIT and release the major amount of drug in colon due to degradation by bacterial enzymes. Colon targeted matrix tablets of olsalazine sodium were prepared by direct compression method using different concentrations viz; 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % weight/weight of BFM. Tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, in vitro dissolution test in simulated gastric, intestinal and colonic fluid with and without 4% (w/v) rat cecal matter and stability study. FT-IR and DSC studies confirmed the absence of any drug polymer interaction. In vitro studies revealed that the tablets containing 25% weight/weight of BFM (F5) have limited the drug release in stomach and small intestinal environment and released maximum amount of drug in the colonic environment. Optimized formulation (F5) showed no change either in phys. appearance, drug content or in dissolution pattern after storage at 40°C/RH 75% for 3 mo. Math. modeling showed that release pattern follows the Peppas model. X-ray images were taken to investigate the movement, location and the integrity of the tablets in different parts of gastro intestinal tract in rabbits and it clearly supported the in vitro study. The study showed that BFM can be used successfully for colon specific drug delivery system.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about Biodegradability. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Knuschke, Peter published the artcile< Sun Exposure and Vitamin D.>, Reference of 434-16-2, the main research area is .

Vitamin D is generally accepted in its importance on the regulation of calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism. Moreover, further health effects due to vitamin D are under discussion. In its effect, vitamin D is more like a hormone. In the classic view, a vitamin is an essential nutrient, which cannot be synthesized independently in the body. Besides nutrition, vitamin D will be produced in the body itself. The skin contains the provitamin D3 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of vitamin D. Provitamin D3 will be photoconverted to previtamin D3 by UVB radiation that penetrates the skin superficially. In this way, the vitamin D metabolism will be started independent of the nutrition. In everyday life, this photosynthesis will be carried out due to the solar UVB radiation penetrating the uncovered skin. In the same spectral waveband range of UVB radiation, which causes the beneficial health effect of starting the vitamin D metabolism, the UVB radiation causes simultaneously acute and chronic harmful health effects as UV erythema (sunburn), skin aging and skin cancer. There is no vitamin D production in the skin without simultaneous DNA damage in the skin. Against this background, risks and benefits have to be balanced carefully.

Current problems in dermatology published new progress about 434-16-2. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Reference of 434-16-2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mohseni, Roohollah; ArabSadeghabadi, Zahra; Ziamajidi, Nasrin; Abbasalipourkabir, Roghayeh; RezaeiFarimani, Azam published the artcile< Oral Administration of Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Improves Insulin Resistance Through Targeting Expression of SNARE Proteins in Adipose and Muscle Tissue in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes>, Computed Properties of 501-36-0 , the main research area is resveratrol solid lipid nanoparticle insulin SNARE expression diabetes rat; Insulin resistance; Nanoparticles; Resveratrol; SNARE proteins.

In the current study, we developed resveratrol (RES)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN-RES) in order to improve insulin resistance through the upregulation of SNARE protein complex in rats with type 2 diabetes. The SLN-RES characteristics include the following: the average size of 248 nm, the zeta potential of – 16.5 mV, and 79.9% RES entrapment efficiency. The release profile of SLN-RES showed an initial burst followed by a sustained release in natural condition. IR spectroscopy results revealed good incorporation of RES into core SLN. Spherical nanoparticle with less aggregation was observed under electronic microscopic examination Oral administration of SLN-RES prevented weight loss and showed better hypoglycemic effect than RES. Serum oxidative stress status was restored to the normal level by SLN-RES. Furthermore, expression of synaptosomal-associated protein 23 (Snap23), syntaxin-4 (Stx4), and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (Vamp2) as the major elements of SNARE protein complex were reduced by SLN-RES more significantly than RES treatment in muscle tissue. However, SLN-RES has a similar effect to RES treatment in adipose tissue. Taken together, our results revealed SLN-RES could be a modern and interestingly therapeutic approach for the improvement of insulin resistance through targeting the expression of Snap23, Stx4, and Vamp2 in adipose and muscle tissues.

Nanoscale Research Letters published new progress about Adipose tissue. 501-36-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H12O3, Computed Properties of 501-36-0 .

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

de Freitas Souza, Carine; Descovi, Sharine; Baldissera, Matheus Dellamea; Bertolin, Kalyne; Bianchini, Adriane Erbice; Mourao, Rosa Helena Veraz; Schmidt, Denise; Heinzmann, Berta Maria; Antoniazzi, Alfredo; Baldisserotto, Bernardo; Martinez-Rodriguez, Gonzalo published the artcile< Involvement of HPI-axis in anesthesia with Lippia alba essential oil citral and linalool chemotypes: gene expression in the secondary responses in silver catfish>, Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol, the main research area is hypothalamus pituitary interrenal axis anesthesia Lippia citral linalool Rhamdia; Anesthesia; Fish; Natural products; Stress; mRNA.

In teleost fish, stress initiates a hormone cascade along the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis to provoke several physiol. reactions in order to maintain homeostasis. In aquaculture, a number of factors induce stress in fish, such as handling and transport, and in order to reduce the consequences of this, the use of anesthetics has been an interesting alternative. Essential oil (EO) of Lippia alba is considered to be a good anesthetic; however, its distinct chemotypes have different side effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate, in detail, the expression of genes involved with the HPI axis and the effects of anesthesia with the EOs of two chemotypes of L. alba (citral EO-C and linalool EO-L) on this expression in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen. Anesthesia with the EO-C is stressful for silver catfish because there was an upregulation of the genes directly related to stress: slc6a2, crh, hsd20b, hspa12a, and hsp90. In this study, it was also possible to observe the importance of the hsd11b2 gene in the response to stress by handling. The use of EO-C as anesthetics for fish is not recommended, but, the use of OE-L is indicated for silver catfish as it does not cause major changes in the HPI axis.

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry published new progress about Anesthesia Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 78-70-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Recommanded Product: 3,7-Dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shishmarev, Dmitry; Quiquempoix, Lucas; Fontenelle, Clement Q.; Linclau, Bruno; Kuchel, Philip W. published the artcile< Anomerization of Fluorinated Sugars by Mutarotase Studied Using 19F NMR Two-Dimensional Exchange Spectroscopy>, Reference of 492-62-6, the main research area is anomerization fluorinated monosaccharide mutarotase glucose enzyme mol structure NMR.

Five 19F-substituted glucose analogs were used to probe the activity and mechanism of the enzyme mutarotase by using magnetization-exchange NMR spectroscopy. The sugars (2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose, FDG2; 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-d-glucose, FDG3; 4-fluoro-4-deoxy-d-glucose, FDG4; 2,3-difluoro-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose, FDG23; and 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucose (2,3-dideoxy-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-d-erythro-hexopyranose), FDG2233) showed sep. 19F NMR spectroscopic resonances from their resp. α- and β-anomers, thus allowing two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy measurements of the anomeric interconversion at equilibrium, on the time scale of a few seconds. Mutarotase catalyzed the rapid exchange between the anomers of FDG4, but not the other four sugars. This finding, combined with previous work identifying the mechanism of the anomerization by mutarotase, suggests that the rotation around the C1-C2 bond of the pyranose ring is the rate-limiting reaction step. In addition to D-glucose itself, it was shown that all other fluorinated sugars inhibited the FDG4 anomerization, with the tetra-fluorinated FDG2233 being the most potent inhibitor. Inhibition of mutarotase by F-sugars paves the way for the development of novel fluorinated compounds that are able to affect the activity of this enzyme in vitro and in vivo.

Australian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about Anomerization. 492-62-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Reference of 492-62-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mattocks, A. R.; Legg, R. F. published the artcile< Antimitotic activity of dehydroretronecine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolite, and some analogous compounds, in a rat liver parenchymal cell line>, Reference of 52160-51-7, the main research area is pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolite antimitosis; pyrrolic alc antimitosis liver.

The actions of 13 pyrrolic alcs. with similar chem. properties were tested on cultured liver cells. Dehydroretronecine (I) [23107-12-2] and dehydrosupinidine (II) [27628-47-3] were putative metabolites of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids and the remainder were synthetic. All were either mono- or bifunctional alkylating agents. Groups of cells were exposed to the compounds, and later stimulated to divide by changing the medium, then fixed, stained, and the proportions of cells in mitosis counted and compared with those in similarly treated control cells. Eleven compounds partially or completely inhibited cell division at 10-4 M. Bifunctional compounds, including I and 2,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrole [53365-77-8], had the highest antimitotic activity coupled with the lowest cytotoxicity. The least chem. reactive compound, 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methylpyrrole [68384-83-8], was neither antimitotic nor cytotoxic, whereas the monofunctional alkylating agents with highest reactivity, such as 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-dimethylpyrrole [68384-74-7] were the most toxic to the cells. The mitotic block occurred at a postsynthetic stage of the cell cycle, and affected cells could grow to a giant size.

Chemico-Biological Interactions published new progress about Alkylating agents. 52160-51-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C6H9NO, Reference of 52160-51-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yan, Houchun; Fan, Wenyang; Sun, Shiwei; Guo, Hongyue; Han, Yuanyuan; Li, Qingsong published the artcile< Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Data and Thermodynamic Modeling for the Ternary System of Water, 2,2,3,3-Tetrafluoro-1-propanol, and Different Solvents>, Recommanded Product: 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol, the main research area is liquid equilibrium ternary system water tetrafluoropropanol pentanol thermodn modeling; ethylhexanol water tetrafluoropropanol ternary system liquid equilibrium thermodn modeling; propyl acetate water tetrafluoropropanol system liquid equilibrium thermodn modeling; dichloromethane water tetrafluoropropanol ternary system liquid equilibrium thermodn modeling.

Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the ternary mixture of water + 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (TFP) + {1-pentanol or 2-ethyl-1-hexanol or Pr acetate or dichloromethane} was measured in 101.3 KPa and 303.2 K. The distribution coefficient and separation factor appraised utility for extracting TFP from water. The exptl. LLE data were related by the nonrandom two liquid and universal quasichem. models for which the absolute average deviation and root means square deviation were no more than 0.0029 and 0.0035, resp.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Liquid-liquid equilibrium. 104-76-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Recommanded Product: 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Moggia, Giulia; Kenis, Thomas; Daems, Nick; Breugelmans, Tom published the artcile< Electrochemical Oxidation of D-Glucose in Alkaline Medium: Impact of Oxidation Potential and Chemical Side Reactions on the Selectivity to D-Gluconic and D-Glucaric Acid>, Application In Synthesis of 87-73-0, the main research area is glucose electrochem oxidation chem side reaction gluconic glucaric acid.

The electrocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose was studied in alk. medium on copper, platinum, and gold electrodes with particular emphasis on the synthesis of a high value-added product: glucaric acid. An initial ranking of the three different materials, with respect to their electrochem. activity towards glucose oxidation, was performed utilizing cyclic voltammetry. To determine which functional group can react on which metal, cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed in three different solutions containing 0.04 M gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, or glucaric acid in 0.1 M aqueous NaOH. The observations drawn based on these initial experiments were then verified by analyzing the product solutions (obtained after prolonged electrolysis experiments) with HPLC anal. The oxidation of glucose on copper at high potentials leads predominantly to C-C cleavage products, mainly formic acid, with a selectivity of 54.2%; whereas, at lower potentials, the oxidation of the aldehyde group on C1 and of the hydroxymethyl group on C6 produces moderate yields of gluconic and glucaric acid. On platinum, the oxidation of the aldehyde group on C1 is the most relevant process; therefore, the selectivity towards gluconic acid obtained is as high as 78.4%. Nevertheless, at lower potentials, a higher selectivity to glucaric acid (12.6%) and a lower selectivity to gluconic acid (68.0%) are the result of a more effective oxidation of also the hydroxymethyl group on C6. Gold is the most active and selective electrocatalyst of the ones examined in this work. On gold, at lower potentials, the oxidation of the aldehyde group on C1 produces 86.6% of selectivity to gluconic acid while, at higher potentials, the oxidation of the hydroxymethyl group on C6 also takes place, promoting the further oxidation to glucaric acid (13.5% of selectivity is reached after 65 h of reaction at 5°C, with a residual gluconic acid equal to 65.8%). The demonstrated dependence of the selectivity on the oxidation potential suggests new future perspectives for the electrocatalytic oxidation of D-glucose to D-glucaric acid on bare metal electrodes. Moreover, the low selectivity of this process, very often claimed in literature, has been ascribed here for the first time to two chem. processes, which are in competition with the electrochem. one and both consume the reactant and promote the formation of undesired side-products.

ChemElectroChem published new progress about Electric current-potential relationship. 87-73-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C6H10O8, Application In Synthesis of 87-73-0.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Riley, Nicholas M.; Hebert, Alexander S.; Westphall, Michael S.; Coon, Joshua J. published the artcile< Capturing site-specific heterogeneity with large-scale N-glycoproteome analysis>, Synthetic Route of 3458-28-4, the main research area is glycoproteome glycopeptide IR photon ion electron transfer dissociation.

Protein glycosylation is a highly important, yet poorly understood protein post-translational modification. Thousands of possible glycan structures and compositions create potential for tremendous site heterogeneity. A lack of suitable anal. methods for large-scale analyses of intact glycopeptides has limited our abilities both to address the degree of heterogeneity across the glycoproteome and to understand how this contributes biol. to complex systems. Here we show that N-glycoproteome site-specific microheterogeneity can be captured via large-scale glycopeptide profiling methods enabled by activated ion electron transfer dissociation (AI-ETD), ultimately characterizing 1,545 N-glycosites (>5,600 unique N-glycopeptides) from mouse brain tissue. Our data reveal that N-glycosylation profiles can differ between subcellular regions and structural domains and that N-glycosite heterogeneity manifests in several different forms, including dramatic differences in glycosites on the same protein. Moreover, we use this large-scale glycoproteomic dataset to develop several visualizations that will prove useful for analyzing intact glycopeptides in future studies.

Nature Communications published new progress about Animal gene, Sparc Role: ANT (Analyte), BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), ANST (Analytical Study), BIOL (Biological Study). 3458-28-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 3458-28-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kumar, Manoj; Reddy, Thurpu Raghavender; Gurawa, Aakanksha; Kashyap, Sudhir published the artcile< Copper(II)-catalyzed stereoselective 1,2-addition vs. Ferrier glycosylation of ""armed"" and ""disarmed"" glycal donors>, Formula: C12H20O6, the main research area is trisaccharide stereoselective addition copper catalyzed glycoconjugate glycal nucleoside; amino acid glycoside preparation stereoselective glycosylation Ferrier glycal alc.

Selective activation of “”armed’ and ”disarmed”” glycal donors enabling the stereo-controlled glycosylations by employing Cu(II)-catalyst as the promoter has been realized. The distinctive stereochem. outcome in the process is mainly influenced by the presence of diverse protecting groups on the donor and the solvent system employed. The protocol is compatible with a variety of aglycons including carbohydrates, amino acids, and natural products to access deoxy-glycosides and glycoconjugates with high α-anomeric selectivity. Notably, the synthetic practicality of the method is amply verified for the stereoselective assembling of trisaccharides comprising 2-deoxy components. Mechanistic studies involving deuterated experiments validate the syn-diastereoselective 1,2-addition of acceptors on the double bond of armed donors.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry published new progress about Addition reaction catalysts, stereoselective. 4064-06-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C12H20O6, Formula: C12H20O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts