Month: October 2022

Cinelli, Maris A.; Yang, Jun; Scharmen, Amy; Woodman, Joey; Karchalla, Lalitha M.; Stephen Lee, Kin Sing published the artcile< Enzymatic synthesis and chemical inversion provide both enantiomers of bioactive epoxydocosapentaenoic acids>, Quality Control of 699-12-7, the main research area is Enzymic synthesis epoxydocosapentaenoic acids Bacillus megaterium; chemoenzymatic synthesis; cytochrome P450; docosahexaenoic acid; epoxide inversion; epoxy fatty acids; lipids/chemistry; polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Epoxy PUFAs are endogenous cytochrome P 450 (P 450) metabolites of dietary PUFAs. Although these metabolites exert numerous biol. effects, attempts to study their complex biol. have been hampered by difficulty in obtaining the epoxides as pure regioisomers and enantiomers. To remedy this, we synthesized 19,20- and 16,17-epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) (the two most abundant EDPs in vivo) by epoxidation of DHA with WT and the mutant (F87V) P 450 enzyme BM3 from Bacillus megaterium. WT epoxidation yielded a 4:1 mixture of 19,20:16,17-EDP exclusively as (S,R) enantiomers. Epoxidation with the mutant (F87V) yielded a 1.6:1 mixture of 19,20:16,17-EDP; the 19,20-EDP fraction was ∼9:1 (S,R):(R,S), but the 16,17-EDP was exclusively the (S,R) enantiomer. To access the (R,S) enantiomers of these EDPs, we used a short (four-step) chem. inversion sequence, which utilizes 2-(phenylthio)ethanol as the epoxide-opening nucleophile, followed by mesylation of the resulting alc., oxidation of the thioether moiety, and base-catalyzed elimination. This short synthesis cleanly converts the (S,R)-epoxide to the (R,S)-epoxide without loss of enantiopurity. This method, also applicable to eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, provides a simple, cost-effective procedure for accessing larger amounts of these metabolites.

Journal of Lipid Research published new progress about Bacillus megaterium. 699-12-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C8H10OS, Quality Control of 699-12-7.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hu, Qiang; Yu, Wan-Lei; Luo, Yong-Chun; Hu, Xiu-Qin; Xu, Peng-Fei published the artcile< A Photosensitizer-Free Radical Cascade for Synthesizing CF3-Containing Polycyclic Quinazolinones with Visible Light>, Product Details of C4H8O, the main research area is trifluoroethyl pyrroloquinazolinone preparation; alkenyl cyanobenzamide trifluoroacetic anhydride tandem photocyclization; trifluoromethyl spiro cycloalkane pyrroloquinazolinone preparation; cycloalkenyl cyanobenzamide trifluoroacetic anhydride tandem photocyclization.

An efficient photoinduced radical tandem trifluoromethylation/cyclization reaction of N-cyanamide alkenes for the synthesis of functionalized quinazolinones was reported. Importantly, the reaction was carried out under mild conditions without any addnl. photosensitizer, metal or extra additives. A series of trifluoromethyl quinazolinones were prepared efficiently with good yields and excellent functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanism experiments were conducted to indicate that the transformation proceeded via a possible mechanism involving photoexcited EDA complex and chain propagation.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Alkenes Role: RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation). 627-27-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C4H8O, Product Details of C4H8O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Xu, Changtai; Li, Shanqu; Pan, Borong published the artcile< Current drug therapy in ulcerative colitis>, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6, the main research area is review antiinflammatory ulcerative colitis.

A review. Ulcerative colitis(UC)and Crohn’s disease(CD)are two primary types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). UC is an inflammatory destructive disease of the large intestine occurred usually in the rectum and lower part of the colon as well as the entire colon. Drug therapy is a main choice for UC treatment and medical management should be as a comprehensive one. Several types of medications are used to control the inflammation or reduce symptoms caused by ulcerative colitis. The treatment of UC depends on its severity, location and the presence of complications, so drug therapies must be custom-designed for each patient. Findings which medications best alleviate the symptoms may take time. The goal of medical treatment is to reduce the inflammation that triggers the signs and symptoms. In the best cases, this may lead not only to symptom relief but also to long-term remission. Azulfidine, Asacol, Pentasa, Dipentum, and Rowasa all contain 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA), which is the topical anti-inflammatory ingredient. In UC patients with moderate to severe disease and in patients who failed to respond to 5-ASA compounds, systemic corticosteroids should be used. To minimize side effects, corticosteroids should be gradually reduced as soon as the disease remission is achieved. Surgery or immunomodulator is considered for patients with corticosteroid-dependent or unresponsive to corticosteroid treatment. Immunomodulators used for treating severe UC include azathioprine/6-MP, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is safe and effective in maintaining remission in patients with UC.

Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine published new progress about Anti-inflammatory agents. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Formula: C14H8N2Na2O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Abdullah, Orva; Usman Minhas, Muhammad; Ahmad, Mahmood; Ahmad, Sarfaraz; Ahmad, Aousaf published the artcile< Synthesis of hydrogels for combinatorial delivery of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin calcium in colon cancer: optimization, in vitro characterization and its toxicological evaluation>, Computed Properties of 1492-18-8, the main research area is leucovorin calcium 5fluorouracil drug delivery hydrogel colon cancer.

Chem. crosslinking of monomers methacrylic acid (MAA) and itaconic acid (IA) through ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was carried out for synthesizing robust hydrogel system for oral administration and tuned for targeted release of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin calcium (LV) at colonic site. Aqueous-based free radical polymerization method was optimized first, and then a series of batches were prepared Various in vitro tests were performed to probe the characteristics of synthesized hydrogels such as the presence of functional groups, surface morphol., crystalline/amorphous properties and thermal stability which confirms the crosslinking and stability of hydrogels. Swelling, drug loading and drug release evaluations were carried out at two different pH levels of 1.2 and pH 7.4. pH responsiveness was observed in synthesized hydrogels. Co-polymeric hydrogels exhibited higher swelling and release at higher pH 7.4 as compared to lower pH 1.2. Moreover, an increased trend in swelling and drug release was observed for formulations with higher content of IA. Co-polymeric hydrogels were biocompatible and non-toxic to biol. system as investigated by acute oral toxicity study on rabbits.

Polymer Bulletin (Heidelberg, Germany) published new progress about Antitumor agents. 1492-18-8 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C20H21CaN7O7, Computed Properties of 1492-18-8.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Wang, Tingting; Fan, Xiaotong; Xu, Jiayun; Li, Ruyu; Yan, Xu; Liu, Shengda; Jiang, Xiaojia; Li, Fei; Liu, Junqiu published the artcile< Giant Proteinosomes As Scaffolds for Light Harvesting>, Name: 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol, the main research area is giant proteinosome arsenic scaffold harvesting.

Based on an interfacial assembly strategy, a giant proteinosome was successfully fabricated by using protein-surfactant as building blocks, which formed a thin protein layer as a membrane. This approach of making protein assemblies was very facile, and it was very convenient to remove the templates of oil and get water-filled proteinosomes by dialysis. Through modifying acceptor and donor chromophores on the protein monomers, an efficient artificial light-harvesting system was successfully fabricated on the proteinosome, which was a scaffold for efficient light harvesting. Furthermore, the on-off switchable energy transfer was realized by protein folding and unfolding. The efficient artificial light-harvesting systems we designed as the potential platforms could be utilized for biomaterials.

ACS Macro Letters published new progress about Bovine serum albumin Role: BUU (Biological Use, Unclassified), PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), TEM (Technical or Engineered Material Use), BIOL (Biological Study), USES (Uses), PROC (Process), PREP (Preparation) (complexes with rhodamine B or FTIC). 104-76-7 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Name: 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mal′shakova, Marina V.; Velegzhaninov, Ilya O.; Rasova, Elena E.; Belykh, Dmitry V. published the artcile< Novel chlorophyll a derivatives with ester-linked galactose fragments for photodynamic therapy and fluorescence diagnostics of cancer>, Reference of 4064-06-6, the main research area is chlorophyll galactose fragment photodynamic therapy fluorescence diagnostis cancer.

In the present work, a number of chlorophyll a derivatives were synthesized with galactose fragments with an ester bond between macrocycle and carbohydrate fragments. It showed that synthesized compounds fluoresce intensely inside HeLa cells, which enable these compounds to be considered as potential diagnostic agents and indicates their ability to remain in the cell in an unassocd. photoactive state – a necessary condition for the realization of a photodynamic action. It was determined that while all conjugates had comparable photoinduced toxicities, the conjugate with phorbin macrocycle fragment had a much lower dark toxicity, which corresponds to the trends noted earlier. In terms of a therapeutic window, conjugate significantly exceeds similar derivatives of chlorin e6 and is the most promising for further research.

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines published new progress about Antitumor agents. 4064-06-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C12H20O6, Reference of 4064-06-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Mangiacotti, Marco; Pezzi, Stefano; Fumagalli, Marco; Coladonato, Alan Jioele; d’Ettorre, Patrizia; Leroy, Chloe; Bonnet, Xavier; Zuffi, Marco A. L.; Scali, Stefano; Sacchi, Roberto published the artcile< Seasonal Variations in Femoral Gland Secretions Reveals some Unexpected Correlations Between Protein and Lipid Components in a Lacertid Lizard>, Product Details of C27H44O, the main research area is seasonal variation femoral gland protein lipid component Podarcis; Chemical communication; Cosinor models; Femoral glands; Identity; Lizards; Podarcis muralis; Quality; Season; Testosterone.

Animals modulate intraspecific signal shape and intensity, notably during reproductive periods. Signal variability typically follows a seasonal scheme, traceable through the expression of visual, acoustic, chem. and behavioral patterns. The chem. channel is particularly important in lizards, as demonstrated by well-developed epidermal glands in the cloacal region that secrete lipids and proteins recognized by conspecifics. In males, the seasonal pattern of gland activity is underpinned by variation of circulating androgens. Changes in the composition of lipid secretions convey information about the signaler’s quality (e.g., size, immunity). Presumably, individual identity is associated with a protein signature present in the femoral secretions, but this has been poorly investigated. For the first time, we assessed the seasonal variability of the protein signal in relation to plasma testosterone level (T), glandular activity and the concentration of provitamin D3 in the lipid fraction. We sampled 174 male common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) over the entire activity season. An elevation of T was observed one to two months before the secretion peak of lipids during the mating season; such expected delay between hormonal fluctuation and maximal physiol. response fits well with the assumption that provitamin D3 indicates individual quality. One-dimensional electrophoretic anal. of proteins showed that gel bands were preserved over the season with an invariant region; a result in agreement with the hypothesis that proteins are stable identity signals. However, the relative intensity of bands varied markedly, synchronously with that of lipid secretion pattern. These variations of protein secretion suggest addnl. roles of proteins, an issue that requires further studies.

Journal of Chemical Ecology published new progress about Adult, nonmammalian. 434-16-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C27H44O, Product Details of C27H44O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Arora, Sanjay; Layek, Buddhadev; Singh, Jagdish published the artcile< Design and Validation of Liposomal ApoE2 Gene Delivery System to Evade Blood-Brain Barrier for Effective Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease>, Reference of 3458-28-4, the main research area is apolipoprotein E2 gene therapy brain Alzheimer disease liposome; Alzheimer’s disease; Apolipoprotein; cell penetrating peptides; glucose transporter; liposomes.

Targeting gene-based therapeutics to the brain is a strategy actively sought to treat Alzheimer′s disease (AD). Recent findings discovered the role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoforms in the clearance of toxic amyloid beta proteins from the brain. ApoE2 isoform is beneficial for preventing AD development, whereas ApoE4 is a major contributing factor to the disease. In this paper, we demonstrated efficient brain-targeted delivery of ApoE2 encoding plasmid DNA (pApoE2) using glucose transporter-1 (glut-1) targeted liposomes. Liposomes were surface-functionalized with a glut-1 targeting ligand mannose (MAN) and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) to enhance brain-targeting and cellular internalization, resp. Among various CPPs, rabies virus glycoprotein peptide (RVG) or penetratin (Pen) was selected as a cell-penetration enhancer. Dual (RVGMAN and PenMAN)-functionalized liposomes were cytocompatible at 100 nM phospholipid concentration and demonstrated significantly higher expression of ApoE2 in bEnd.3 cells, primary neurons, and astrocytes compared to monofunctionalized and unmodified (plain) liposomes. Dual-modified liposomes also showed ~2 times higher protein expression than other formulation controls in neurons cultured below the in vitro BBB model. These results translated well to in vivo efficacy study with significantly higher transfection of pApoE2 in the C57BL/6 mice brain following single tail vein administration of RVGMAN and PenMAN functionalized liposomes without any noticeable signs of toxicity. These results illustrate the potential of surface-modified liposomes for safe and brain-targeted delivery of the pApoE2 gene for effective AD therapy.

Molecular Pharmaceutics published new progress about Alzheimer disease. 3458-28-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Reference of 3458-28-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Qiao, Wanjin; Qiao, Yu; Liu, Fulu; Zhang, Yating; Li, Ran; Wu, Zhenzhou; Xu, Haijin; Saris, Per Erik Joakim; Qiao, Mingqiang published the artcile< Engineering Lactococcus lactis as a multi-stress tolerant biosynthetic chassis by deleting the prophage-related fragment>, Electric Literature of 492-62-6, the main research area is proteomics rpsN rplR lysozyme carbohydrate Lactococcus; Genome editing; Lactococcus lactis; Multi-stress tolerance; Nisin immunity; Nisin yield; Prophage-related fragment; TMT quantitative proteomics.

In bioengineering, growth of microorganisms is limited because of environmental and industrial stresses during fermentation This study aimed to construct a nisin-producing chassis Lactococcus lactis strain with genome-streamlined, low metabolic burden, and multi-stress tolerance characteristics. The Cre-loxP recombination system was applied to reduce the genome and obtain the target chassis strain. A prophage-related fragment (PRF; 19,739 bp) in the L. lactis N8 genome was deleted, and the mutant strain L. lactis N8-1 was chosen for multi-stress tolerance studies. Nisin immunity of L. lactis N8-1 was increased to 6500 IU/mL, which was 44.44% higher than that of the wild-type L. lactis N8 (4500 IU/mL). The survival rates of L. lactis N8-1 treated with lysozyme for 2 h and lactic acid for 1 h were 1000- and 10,000-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain, resp. At 39°C, the L. lactis N8-1 could still maintain its growth, whereas the growth of the wild-type strain dramatically dropped. SEM showed that the cell wall integrity of L. lactis N8-1 was well maintained after lysozyme treatment. Tandem mass tags labeled quant. proteomics revealed that 33 and 9 proteins were significantly upregulated and downregulated, resp., in L. lactis N8-1. These differential proteins were involved in carbohydrate and energy transport/metabolism, biosynthesis of cell wall and cell surface proteins. PRF deletion was proven to be an efficient strategy to achieve multi-stress tolerance and nisin immunity in L. lactis, thereby providing a new perspective for industrially obtaining engineered strains with multi-stress tolerance and expanding the application of lactic acid bacteria in biotechnol. and synthetic biol. Besides, the importance of PRF, which can confer vital phenotypes to bacteria, was established.

Microbial Cell Factories published new progress about Carbohydrates Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 492-62-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Electric Literature of 492-62-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Schroeder, K. W. published the artcile< Role of mesalazine in acute and long-term treatment of ulcerative colitis and its complications>, Application In Synthesis of 6054-98-4, the main research area is review mesalazine aminosalicylate sulfasalazine Calazar Pentasa antiinflammatory ulcerative colitis.

A review. Sulfasalazine, consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid bound to sulfapyridine by a diazo bond, was first used for treatment of ulcerative colitis in the early 1940s and later found effective in placebo-controlled trials for acute disease and for long-term maintenance of remission. Later studies found that the active moiety is 5-ASA (mesalazine, mesalamine) and the sulfapyridine moiety acts as a carrier mol. but causes many of the symptomatic adverse reactions. This study used information from a review of the literature. The finding that 5-ASA in the active motility led to the development of mesalazine prodrugs, olsalazine (Dipentum) and balsalazide (Colazide, Colazal), and targeted release mesalazine preparations, such as Asacol, Pentasa, and Salofalk, as well as enemas and suppository preparations for distal disease. Most patients with adverse effects from sulfasalazine will tolerate mesalazine. Mesalazine has been shown equivalent or superior to sulfasalazine, and superior to placebo, with a dose-response benefit, in inducing remission of acute disease, and comparable to sulfasalazine and superior to placebo for long-term maintenance of remission. Better tolerance of mesalazine and the ability to use higher doses favor its use in patients intolerant of sulfasalazine and in patients failing to respond to usual doses of sulfasalazine. Adverse effects from mesalazine are uncommon, but include idiosyncratic worsening of the colitis symptoms and renal toxicity. Mesalazine is safe to use during pregnancy and for nursing mothers. As maintenance therapy, mesalazine may reduce the risk of developing colorectal carcinoma. Mesalazine represents effective and well-tolerated first-line therapy for mildly to moderately acute disease as well as for the long-term maintenance treatment in the patient with ulcerative colitis.

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, Supplement published new progress about Anti-inflammatory agents. 6054-98-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C14H8N2Na2O6, Application In Synthesis of 6054-98-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts