Tag: M.W=200-300

Reactions catalyzed within inorganic and organic materials and at electrochemical interfaces commonly occur at high coverage and in condensed media, causing turnover rates to depend strongly on interfacial structure and composition, 5675-51-4, Name is 1,12-Dodecanediol, SMILES is OCCCCCCCCCCCCO, in an article , author is Kabir, Norlaili A., once mentioned of 5675-51-4, Recommanded Product: 5675-51-4.

Radiological and physical properties of tissue equivalent mammography phantom: Characterization and analysis methods

This article provides methods to fabricate and characterize tissue equivalent properties of mammography phantom. The characterized properties are elemental composition, effective atomic number, electron density, attenuation coefficient and CT number. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVAL), ethanol solution and graphite powder were used to develop samples of breast phantoms. First, the microstructure and elemental composition of the phantom materials were acquired from the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). FESEM micrography was a good analytical technique to indicate void spaces within the phantom. Next, the effective atomic number and electron density were calculated from the percentage of elemental composition based on the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). Mayneord’s formula and the Phy-X/ZeXTRa software were used to evaluate the effective atomic number. The calculations show that the effective atomic number ranged from 7.137 to 7.264 and 6.75-7.05 for Mayneord and Phy-X/ZeXTRa approach respectively. The electron density ranged from 3.191-3.209 x 10(23)/g. These values were found to be in good agreement with water and breast tissue by ICRP and AAPM standards. Then, the mass attenuation coefficients of the PVAL were calculated based on the transmission of low photons by using X-ray fluorescent (XRF) technique at 16.61-25.26 keV. The mass attenuation coefficient values were found to be close to water and breast tissue when results were compared to XCOM values. Finally, CT images were acquired to measure CT numbers, which were found to be near to CT number of breast tissues, -21.40 to 24.13 HU. Based on the ICRP, AAPM, BIRADS and XCOM standards, the study successfully showed methods to fabricate and characterized mammography phantoms.

But sometimes, even after several years of basic chemistry education, it is not easy to form a clear picture on how they govern reactivity! 5675-51-4, you can contact me at any time and look forward to more communication. Recommanded Product: 5675-51-4.

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Electric Literature of 5675-51-4, As an important bridge between the micro and macro material world, chemistry is one of the main methods and means for humans to understand and transform the material world. 5675-51-4, Name is 1,12-Dodecanediol, SMILES is OCCCCCCCCCCCCO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Zeroual, Ahmed, introduce new discover of the category.

Wild Chamomile [Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall.] Collected from Central-Northern Morocco: Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities

We investigated phytochemicals and biological activities in Cladanthus mixtus essential oil (CMEO) and various extracts. To this end, flowers CMEO microwave-extracted was subjected to chemical analysis using GC-MS. Antimicrobial activities of CMEO and various extracts obtained by maceration and Soxhlet were tested against four microbial strains using agar well diffusion assay and microtitration method. Antioxidant activities were determined, for extracts, using DPPH. CMEO chemical composition revealed 44 compounds. Santolina alcohol (40.7), germacrene D (8.9), and alpha-pinene (5.7%) were the main constituents. The best records of yield, total phenolics, and flavonoids were obtained with Soxhlet and methanol for extracts. Important antimicrobial activities were recorded in CMEO and extracts. For CMEO, MICs ranged from 10.17 (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 3366) to 13.83 mu g/mL (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922). Among extracts, Met-OH was the most efficient with MICs ranged from 11.17 (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) to 15.83 mu g/mL (E. coli). Met-OH extract presented the highest antiradical activity (IC50 = 55.50 mu g/mL), while the n-hexane displayed the lowest one (IC50= 259 mu g/mL). Based on these outcomes, CMEO and various extracts from Cladanthus mixtus flowers could be suggested for their use as potential natural preservatives to enhance foods shelf-life, herbal formulations, and also as antiseptics and disinfectants.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 5675-51-4, Name is 1,12-Dodecanediol, SMILES is OCCCCCCCCCCCCO, in an article , author is Zhang, Weimin, once mentioned of 5675-51-4, Recommanded Product: 5675-51-4.

Red yeast rice prevents chronic alcohol-induced liver disease by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response in mice

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, edema, necrosis, etc. Studies have reported that some dietary nutrition factors have beneficial effects in improving ALD. Red yeast rice (RYR), a traditional herbal supplement, has been confirmed to lower cholesterol mainly due to its component monacolin K. However, the effect of RYR on ALD has not been investigated. In this study, mice were supplemented with a daily oral gavage of 4 g/kg 50% ethanol for 8 weeks to induce a chronic ALD. RYR (150 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was supplied to ALD mice in treatment group. The results showed that RYR supplementation significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia, elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines, hepatic structural damage, and oxidative stress in mice supplemented with alcohol with no effects on body weight. Moreover, RYR significantly suppressed alcohol-induced hepatic NF-kappa B activation and apoptosis. Our results suggest that RYR is capable of preventing ALD mainly by attenuating hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Practical applications RYR was known for cholesterol-lowering effect through its main component monacolin K. The current study revealed that RYR was capable of ameliorating ALD, which is characterized by profound dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, edema, etc. Our results indicated that the protective effect of RYR on ALD is largely achieved by regulating lipid metabolism, and closely related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of RYR. This study provides research foundation for the development of RYR-related food or pharmaceutical products, especially targeting for ALD.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature. 100442-33-9, Name is 1-(3,3-Diphenyl-N-methylpropylamino)-2-methyl-2-propanol, SMILES is C1(=CC=CC=C1)C(CCN(C)CC(C)(O)C)C2=CC=CC=C2, in an article , author is Nanzai, Ben, once mentioned of 100442-33-9, Recommanded Product: 100442-33-9.

Sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: Effect of the critical micelle concentration in the interfacial region of the cavity

Ionic surfactants tend to accumulate in the interfacial region of ultrasonic cavitation bubbles (cavities) because of their surface active properties and because they are difficult to evaporate in cavitation bubbles owing to their extremely low volatilities. Hence, sonolysis of ionic surfactants is expected to occur in the interfacial region of the cavity. In this study, we performed sonochemical degradation of surfactants with different charge types: anionic, cationic, zwitterionic, and nonionic. We then estimated the degradation rates of the surfactants to clarify the surfactant behavior in the interfacial region of cavitation bubbles. For all of the surfactants investigated, the degradation rate increased with increasing initial bulk concentration and reached a maximum value. The initial bulk concentration to obtain the maximum degradation rate had a positive correlation with the critical micelle concentration (cmc). The initial bulk concentrations of the anionic surfactants were lower than their cmcs, while those of the cationic surfactants were higher than their cmcs. These results can be explained by the negatively charged cavity surface and the effect of the coexisting counterions of the surfactants.

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Chemistry is traditionally divided into organic and inorganic chemistry. The former is the study of compounds containing at least one carbon-hydrogen bonds. 13826-35-2, Name is (3-Phenoxyphenyl)methanol, molecular formula is C13H12O2, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, author is Shirani, Maryam, once mentioned the new application about 13826-35-2, HPLC of Formula: C13H12O2.

An ultra-sensitive optical aptasensor based on gold nanoparticles/poly vinyl alcohol hydrogel as acceptor/emitter pair for fluorometric detection of digoxin with on/off/on strategy

A novel nanobiosensor was prepared by aptamer and gold nanoparticles conjugate in poly vinyl alcohol hydrogel for sensitive detection of digoxin in human plasma samples. The developed nanobiosensor was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering instrument. In this sensor the hydrogel acted as a fluorescent probe. The fluorescence intensity of the hydrogel was quenched by aptamer stabilized gold nanoparticles as energy acceptor. Upon addition of digoxin, the aptamer/drug complex was formed and the fluorescence of the hydrogel was restored because of destabilization and aggregation of gold nanoparticles in the presence of salt. The affecting parameters on the nanobiosensor performance were assessed and under the optimized conditions the external and in plasma calibration curves were linear in the 10-1000 ng L-1 digoxin concentration range with detection limits of 2.9 and 3.1 ng L-1, respectively. The relative standard devi-ations for 5 replicate determinations of 50, 250, and 500 ng L-1 of digoxin, were 7.3, 5.1, and 3.8%, respec-tively. This nanofluoroprobe was successfully applied for determination of digoxin in spiked plasma samples without any pretreatment procedure. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, 13826-35-2. The above is the message from the blog manager. HPLC of Formula: C13H12O2.

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Chemistry is the experimental and theoretical study of materials on their properties at both the macroscopic and microscopic levels. 7541-49-3, Name is 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, molecular formula is C20H40O. In an article, author is Zielinski, Melissa J.,once mentioned of 7541-49-3, Name: 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol.

COVID-19 highlights the pitfalls of reliance on the carceral system as a response to addiction

People who are incarcerated are likely to meet criteria for at least one substance use disorder and need access to treatment. Access to such interventions was limited prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and has almost certainly been restricted further due to implementation of procedures intended to stop the spread of the virus. In this brief commentary, we discuss how COVID-19 has revealed the already tenuous access that people who are incarcerated have to behavioral health services, and the pitfalls of reliance on the U.S. carceral system as a response to addiction.Y

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One of the major reasons for studying chemical kinetics is to use measurements of the macroscopic properties of a system, such as the rate of change in the concentration of reactants or products with time. 5675-51-4, Name is 1,12-Dodecanediol, formurla is C12H26O2. In a document, author is Hall, Christopher J. J., introducing its new discovery. Formula: C12H26O2.

Hydrogen-Borrowing Alkylation of 1,2-Amino Alcohols in the Synthesis of Enantioenriched gamma-Aminobutyric Acids

For the first time we have been able to employ enantiopure 1,2-amino alcohols derived from abundant amino acids in C-C bond-forming hydrogen-borrowing alkylation reactions. These reactions are facilitated by the use of the aryl ketone Ph*COMe. Racemisation of the amine stereocentre during alkylation can be prevented by the use of sub-stoichiometric base and protection of the nitrogen with a sterically hindered triphenylmethane (trityl) or benzyl group. The Ph* and trityl groups are readily cleaved in one pot to give gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) products as their HCl salts without further purification. Both steps may be performed in sequence without isolation of the hydrogen-borrowing intermediate, removing the need for column chromatography.

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A catalyst don’t appear in the overall stoichiometry of the reaction it catalyzes, Recommanded Product: 7541-49-3, but it must appear in at least one of the elementary reactions in the mechanism for the catalyzed reaction. 7541-49-3, Name is 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, molecular formula is C20H40O. In an article, author is Grajales-Gonzalez, E.,once mentioned of 7541-49-3.

A theoretical study of the H- and HOO-assisted propen-2-ol tautomerizations: Reactive systems to evaluate collision efficiency definitions on chemically activated reactions using SS-QRRK theory

In combustion, enols can undergo keto-enol tautomerizations, which are intermediate steps in the formation of pollutant species. In this work, we performed a theoretical kinetic study of the step-wise propen-2-ol tautomerization catalyzed by hydrogen and hydroperoxyl radicals. Ab initio calculations at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/cc-pVTZ level were run, and rate constants were calculated using the multistructural torsional variational transition state theory with small-curvature tunneling corrections. Hydrogen and hydroperoxyl radicals can induce a step-wise mechanism toward keto formation with a lower barrier than that of unimolecular tautomerization. The potential energy surface comprising these reactions is complex, involving different intermediates that are connected by different types of pathways. The hydrogen-assisted tautomerization consists of two steps where the formation of an intermediate radical takes place as a result of the addition of the hydrogen atom to the double bond of propen-2-ol. The high-pressure limit rate constants of the reactions of this intermediate radical toward propen-2-ol and acetone exhibit an Arrhenius behavior, in agreement with previous works. In the hydroperoxyl-assisted tautomerization, the acetone formation has two routes involving an overall of four steps. The route with the highest energy barrier becomes prominent above 800 K due to multistructural anharmonicity effects, which must be included for an accurate kinetic description of the titled reactions. Calculations of pressure-dependent rate constants showed that the original system-specific quantum Rice-RamspergerKassel theory, together with the modified strong collision model (SS-QRRK/MSC), significantly underpredict the bimolecular stabilization rate constants for the hydrogen-assisted tautomerization above 1200 K by factors of up to three orders of magnitude when compared with the benchmark Rice-RamspergerKassel-Markus/master equation method. To solve this problem, we tested two alternative definitions of the collision efficiency parameter by using an improved implementation of the SS-QRRK/MSC approach developed by us for chemically activated reactions. One of these definitions, provided by Gilbert et al. (1983), corrected the bimolecular stabilization rate constant behavior and yielded a maximum deviation factor of only 4.5 at 2000 K and 100 atm. For the hydroperoxyl-assisted tautomerization, pressure effects are negligible because the stabilization of the energized adduct cannot compete with the reaction leading to the final product for most of the physical conditions studied. Our calculated rate constants can be used to perform more accurate kinetic modeling of alcohols. Besides, the implementation of the SS-QRRK theory with the collision efficiency of Gilbert et al. (1983) proposed in this work is useful for computing pressure-dependent rate constants of chemically activated reactions, including all possible refinements (multi-dimensional tunneling, multistructural anharmonicity, etc.) considered in high-pressure limit calculations. (C) 2020 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.YY

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Let¡¯s face it, organic chemistry can seem difficult to learn. Especially from a beginner¡¯s point of view. Like 100442-33-9, Name is 1-(3,3-Diphenyl-N-methylpropylamino)-2-methyl-2-propanol. In a document, author is Haghighi, Hossein, introducing its new discovery. Name: 1-(3,3-Diphenyl-N-methylpropylamino)-2-methyl-2-propanol.

Characterization of bio-nanocomposite films based on gelatin/polyvinyl alcohol blend reinforced with bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers for food packaging applications

Bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (BCNW) were synthesized from Komagataeibacter xylinus (strain K2G30; UMCC 2756) using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and incorporated into a gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol (GL/PVA) blend film matrix. The effect of BCNW content (1-10 wt% of biopolymer) on the microstructural, mechanical, optical, and water barrier properties of bio-nanocomposites was studied. Transmission electron microscopy showed that BCNW had a needle shape morphology with an average length of 600 nm and an average width of 30 nm. The crystallinity index of BCNW was 94.7% using X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated good miscibility between GL/PVA blend film matrix and BCNW up to 7.5 wt%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode showed molecular interactions between functional groups of the GL/PVA blend film matrix and BCNW. The incorporation of BCNW up to 7.5% into the GL/PVA blend reduced the water vapor transmission rate and water vapor permeability by about 22% and 14%, respectively, while tensile strength, elongation at break, and elastic modulus increased by about 21.5%, 41% and 19%, respectively (p < 0.05). Films transparency was not affected by the addition of BCNW (p > 0.05) suggesting that the BCNW were dispersed uniformly at the nanoscale. All films were colorless (Delta E*<2) with low opacity value (<2) comparable to synthetic plastics. Overall, the characterization of functional properties revealed that GL/PVA blend film reinforced with BCNW could be used as an environmentally friendly packaging material to partially replace or reduce the use of current petroleum-based packaging materials. I hope this article can help some friends in scientific research. I am very proud of our efforts over the past few months and hope to 100442-33-9 help many people in the next few years. Name: 1-(3,3-Diphenyl-N-methylpropylamino)-2-methyl-2-propanol.

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Related Products of 7541-49-3, Enzymes are biological catalysts that produce large increases in reaction rates and tend to be specific for certain reactants and products. 7541-49-3, Name is 3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol, SMILES is CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCC/C(C)=C/CO, belongs to alcohols-buliding-blocks compound. In a article, author is Weiss, Nicole H., introduce new discover of the category.

Alcohol to down-regulate negative and positive emotions: Extending our understanding of the functional role of alcohol in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder

Introduction: Functional models of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) underscore the role of internally-driven negative reinforcement. However, with the focus of these models being on negative emotions broadly, there is limited understanding of the effect of alcohol use to down-regulate specific forms of negative emotions or positive emotions generally. Among populations characterized by PTSD, there is growing evidence that positive emotions may elicit aversive reactions and thus be intentionally reduced, including via alcohol use. Objective: The current study examined the associations among PTSD symptom severity, alcohol use to down-regulate both negative (i.e., despondency and anger) and positive emotions, and alcohol misuse. Method: Data were collected from 320 trauma-exposed, substance-using individuals in the community (M age = 35.78, 46.9% women). Results: Individuals with greater PTSD symptom severity reported significantly higher alcohol use to down-regulate despondency, anger, and positive emotions, which, in turn, were linked to greater alcohol misuse. Conclusions: Alcohol use may serve to down-regulate both negative (i.e., despondency and anger) and positive emotions, and these functions may help to explain the association of PTSD symptom severity to alcohol misuse. PTSD-AUD models may benefit from specifying a negatively reinforcing function of alcohol use in the context of positive emotions.

Related Products of 7541-49-3, Each elementary reaction can be described in terms of its molecularity, the number of molecules that collide in that step. The slowest step in a reaction mechanism is the rate-determining step.you can also check out more blogs about 7541-49-3.

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