Tag: M.W=150-200

Rasmussen, Shauna A. published the artcileA galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase-null rat model of classic galactosemia mimics relevant patient outcomes and reveals tissue-specific and longitudinal differences in galactose metabolism, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is GALT mutation cognition galactosemia animal behavior metabolism; GALT; cognitive; galactosemia; metabolite; model; rat.

Classic galactosemia (CG) is a potentially lethal inborn error of metabolism, if untreated, that results from profound deficiency of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT), the middle enzyme of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism While newborn screening and rapid dietary restriction of galactose prevent or resolve the potentially lethal acute symptoms of CG, by mid-childhood, most treated patients experience significant complications. The mechanisms underlying these long-term deficits remain unclear. Here we introduce a new GALT-null rat model of CG and demonstrate that these rats display cataracts, cognitive, motor, and growth phenotypes reminiscent of patients outcomes. We further apply the GALT-null rats to test how well blood biomarkers, typically followed in patients, reflect metabolic perturbations in other, more relevant tissues. Our results document that the relative levels of galactose metabolites seen in GALT deficiency differ widely by tissue and age, and that red blood cell Gal-1P, the marker most commonly followed in patients, shows no significant association with Gal-1P in other tissues. The work reported here establishes our outbred GALT-null rats as an effective model for at least four complications characteristic of CG, and sets the stage for future studies addressing mechanism and testing the efficacy of novel candidate interventions.

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Maixnerova, Dita published the artcileGalactose-deficient IgA1 and the corresponding IgG autoantibodies predict IgA nephropathy progression, Product Details of C6H12O6, the main research area is galactose deficiency serum IgA nephropathy progression IgG autoantibody.

Background: IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, has serious outcomes with end-stage renal disease developing in 30-50% of patients. The diagnosis requires renal biopsy. Due to its inherent risks, non-invasive approaches are needed. Methods: We evaluated 91 Czech patients with biopsy-proven IgAN who were assessed at time of diagnosis for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, and hypertension, and then followed prospectively. Serum samples collected at diagnosis were analyzed for galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) using new native-IgA1 and established neuraminidase-treated-IgA1 tests, Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies, discriminant anal. and logistic regression model assessed correlations with renal function and Oxford classification (MEST score). Results: Serum levels of native (P <0.005) and neuraminidase-treated (P <0.005) Gd-IgA1 were associated with the rate of eGFR decline. A higher relative degree of galactose deficiency in native serum IgA1 predicted a faster eGFR decline and poor renal survival (P <0.005). However, Gd-IgA1 has not differentiated patients with low vs. high baseline eGFR. Furthermore, patients with high baseline eGFR that was maintained during follow-up were characterized by low serum levels of Gd-IgA1-specific IgG autoantibodies (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Including levels of native and neuraminidase-treated Gd-IgA1 and Gd-IgA1-specific autoantibodies at diagnosis may aid in the prognostication of disease progression in Czech patients with IgAN. Future tests will assess utility of these biomarkers in larger patients cohorts from geog. distinct areas. PLoS One published new progress about Biomarkers. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Product Details of C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sharma, Mamta published the artcileNovel electrochemical sensing of galactose using GalOxNPs/CHIT modified pencil graphite electrode, Quality Control of 59-23-4, the main research area is galactose oxidase nanoparticle chitosan electrode biosensor galactose baby food; Better; Biosensor; Chitosan; Galactose; Nanoparticle.

For the construction of galactose biosensor, chitosan was electropolymerised onto the pencil graphite electrode. This chitosan modified pencil graphite electrode acts as good matrix for immobilization of enzyme nanoparticles of galactose oxidase. Development of this nanocomposite was further confirmed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and SEM. The presence of chitosan makes the present galactose biosensor more efficient, reproducible and stable. The sensitivity was reported 7 × 10-3 mA/mM/cm2 with linear range from 0.05 to 25 mM and better detection limit of 0.05 mM. When the solution of galactose was spiked with 0.5 mM and 1 mM, the anal. recoveries were found 98.6% and 97.6%. A better storage stability was achieved (90days) when compared to earlier reported biosensors.

Carbohydrate Research published new progress about Biosensors. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Quality Control of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sciukaite, Agne published the artcileContents of some bioactive compounds in Norway spruce needles as affected by short-term storage at different conditions and implications for their industrial use, Safety of rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, the main research area is Norway spruce needle bioactive compound.

The main aim of the research was to evaluate changes in contents of essential oils and pigments in Norway spruce needles as affected by short-term storage under different conditions as well as to assess the potential resources of winter-harvested foliage obtainable from byproducts of forest felling as a natural source of these bioactives. One- and two-year-old needles were taken for the analyses fresh (control) and after five-week storage at three different conditions: at 4°C in fridge, at -24°C in freezer and in the forest of their origin. Essential oils were isolated from needles by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids were performed spectrophotometrically. The study showed that none of the tested storage conditions of P. abies needles had significant influence on the total amounts of essential oils in them varying from 0.16% to 0.20% per dry matter (v/w) in two- and one-year-old needles, resp. Bornyl acetate was the main compound identified in the essential oils amounting to 14.47-40.04%. The mean total contents of chlorophylls amounted to 1.10 mg/g in one-year-old needles and to 1.28 mg/g in two-year-old ones measured in fresh weight Statistically significant differences were established in the levels of all the pigments analyzed between fresh material, and stored under controlled, -24°C and 4°C, conditions both of 1-yr-old and 2-yr-old needles. The highest contents of the pigments were obtained after the storage at 4°C as well as under the natural forest condition. Based on the above data and the national forestry statistics, potential yields of essential oils (6.45 kg), total chlorophylls (9.27 kg) and total carotenoids (1.32 kg) were assessed per ha of a mature sprucewood stand in Lithuania.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Age groups. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Safety of rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Kai published the artcileClinical Significance of Galactose-Deficient IgA1 by KM55 in Patients with IgA Nephropathy, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is IgA1 KM55 monoclonal antibody diagnosis IgA nephropathy; Complement activation; Galactose-deficient IgA1; IgA nephropathy; KM55 antibody.

Background: Aberrant galactose-deficient IgA1 mols. (Gd-IgA1) are important causal factors in IgA nephropathy (IgAN); however, the detection of Gd-IgA1 in IgAN is complicated and instable. A monoclonal antibody, KM55, which specifically recognizes Gd-IgA1 has been developed. In the present study, we further explored the clin. significance of Gd-IgA1 using KM55. Methods: In this study, we enrolled 75 patients with IgAN and 80 healthy controls and detected the plasma Gd-IgA1 levels using the KM55 ELISA method. We also stained -mesangial Gd-IgA1 deposition using KM55. Results: We observed that the levels of plasma Gd-IgA1 in IgAN patients were elevated compared to the corresponding levels of healthy controls. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on the median of Gd-IgA1. Patients with high Gd-IgA1 levels had significantly higher levels of uric acid (UA) and IgA. The other clin. manifestations demonstrated that there were no differences in age, sex, blood pressure, initial proteinuria, hematuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate and Oxford pathol. classification between the 2 groups of patients. In addition, pos. correlations were observed between Gd-IgA1 and Bb, C3a, C4d and MAC. Mesangial Gd-IgA1 was pos. in IgAN but neg. in the normal renal tissue adjacent to neoplasm. We next analyzed the correlation between plasma Gd-IgA1 and mesangial Gd-IgA1 deposition. The results showed that a high level of plasma Gd-IgA1 was related to the deposition of mesangial Gd-IgA1, although the difference was not significant. Conclusion: We verified the elevated level of plasma and -mesangial Gd-IgA1 in patients with IgAN by KM55, which provided an alternative, easy, and reliable tool for diagnosis and activity assessment of IgAN. The level of plasma Gd-IgA1 pos. correlated with levels of UA, total IgA levels, and complement activation products.

Kidney & Blood Pressure Research published new progress about Age groups. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Rucinque, Daniel Santiago published the artcileOcimum americanum and Lippia alba essential oils as anaesthetics for Nile tilapia: Induction, recovery of apparent unconsciousness and sensory analysis of fillets, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is essential oil metabolite ethanol phenoxyethanol Ocimum Lippia anesthetic Oreochromis.

In Brazil, humane slaughter regulations do not include fish, and hypothermia or immersion in ice water is used in most fish slaughterhouses for pre-slaughter handling. Such a method is not considered humanitarian as it does not induce an immediate loss of consciousness and fish show aversive behavior when immersed in a water and ice mixture This study aimed to assess the times for induction and recovery using Ocimum americanum and Lippia alba essential oils as anesthetics in Nile tilapia, and their influence on the flavor and aroma of fillets. For the anesthetic evaluation, Nile tilapia (224.05 ± 67.56 g, 22.10 ± 2.41 cm) were divided into four groups (40 fish/group): ethanol (ET), 2-phenoxyethanol (PE), Ocimum americanum (OA) and Lippia alba (LA), all at 500μL/L. The times taken to reach total loss of equilibrium, anesthesia and consciousness recovery were recorded using a stopwatch. Blood was collected from the caudal vein after 0, 1, 4, 8 and 24 h of anesthesia for the anal. of glucose, lactate and cortisol. For the sensory anal., fillets from fish exposed to essentials oils and hypothermia at pre-slaughter were evaluated by 122 untrained assessors to determine differences in the aroma and flavor attributes. The induction of deep anesthesia (stage 4) was faster in the OA group (mean ± standard error of mean SEM) (126.8 ± 4.9 s), than the PE (152.3 ± 6.6 s) and LA groups (169.7 ± 10.9 s) (p < .01). A total of 91.7% (110/120) of the fish showed VOR (Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex) as the first behavioral response during consciousness recovery after anesthesia. The levels of glucose (mmol/L) were similar amongst the groups at each time. The lactate levels (mmol/L) were higher at 0 h of sampling in LA (2.0 ± 0.2) than in ET (1.4 ± 0.8) (p < .05) and the cortisol levels (ng/mL) at 0 h were higher in ET (150.3 ± 55.3) than in OA (33.9 ± 9.7). Fillets prepared from Nile tilapia anesthetized using OA essential oil received higher sensory scores (1.5 ± 0.1) than fillets from both the Lippia alba (1.0 ± 0.1) and control groups (0.7 ± 0.1). OA and LA essential oils at 500μL/L were effective in inducing deep anesthesia with unconsciousness duration of 126 s, allowing time for bleeding. Anesthesia with Ocimum americanum and Lippia alba essential oils may be indicated as an alternative to hypothermia for the pre-slaughter handling of fish in Brazil. Aquaculture published new progress about Anesthesia. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Xin published the artcilePolydimethylsiloxane/ionic liquid sponge used in headspace solid-phase extraction coupled with GC-MS for rapid analysis of essential oil in lavender, HPLC of Formula: 124-76-5, the main research area is essential oil lavender solid phase extraction polydimethylsiloxane analysis; GC-MS; ionic liquid; lavender essential oil; polydimethylsiloxane; solid-phase extraction.

A headspace (HS) solid-phase extraction (SPE) based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ionic liquid (IL) sponge was developed for the extraction of lavender essential oil. The PDMS after loading of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate ([BMIM]FeCl4) with a high surface area and excellent adsorption capacity was successfully applied in the SPE process. Microwave distillation (MD) coupled with HS-PDMS/[BMIM]FeCl4 extraction after GC-MS was proposed. Various exptl. parameters were studied. The optimal conditions were as follows: optimal IL, [BMIM]FeCl4; volume ratio of IL to ethanol, 1:5; extraction solvent, n-hexane; microwave power, 600 W; and irradiation time, 12 min. The limits of detection and quantification of the analytic compounds were in the ranges 4.00-16.32 and 10.00-40.00 ng, resp. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the ranges 0.37-1.94% and 1.20-2.45%, resp. Under the optimized conditions, 13 samples of 3 lavender varieties were analyzed, and 40 compounds were identified. Lavender varieties were distinguished using principal component anal. The results showed that MD-HS-PDMS/IL-GC-MS is a novel, simple, and sensitive method for the determination of essential oil in complex plant samples.

Biomedical Chromatography published new progress about Adsorption. 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, HPLC of Formula: 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Elmhalli, Fawzeia H. published the artcileAcaricidal effects of Corymbia citriodora oil containing para-menthane-3,8-diol against nymphs of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae), SDS of cas: 42822-86-6, the main research area is Corymbia oil menthane diol acaricide Ixodes.

The toxicity of para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), the main arthropod-repellent compound in the oil of the lemon eucalyptus, Corymbia citriodora, was evaluated against nymphs of Ixodes ricinus using five methods (A-E) of a contact toxicity bioassay. Mortality rates were estimated by recording numbers of dead nymphs at 30 min intervals during the first 5 h after the start of exposure and at longer intervals thereafter. The mortality rate increased with increasing concentration of PMD and duration of exposure with a distinct effect after 3.5 h. From the results obtained by methods A, C and E, the LC50 range was 0.035-0.037 mg PMD/cm2 and the LC95 range was 0.095-0.097 mg PMD/cm2 at 4 h of exposure; the LT50 range was 2.1-2.8 h and the LT95 range was 3.9-4.2 h at 0.1 mg PMD/cm2. To determine the duration of toxic activity of PMD, different concentrations (0.002, 0.01, 0.1 mg PMD/cm2) were tested and mortality was recorded at each concentration after 1 h; thereafter new ticks were tested. This test revealed that the lethal activity of PMD remained for 24 h but appeared absent after 48 h. Thus, PMD is toxic to nymphs of I. ricinus and may be useful for tick control.

Experimental and Applied Acarology published new progress about Acaricides. 42822-86-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, SDS of cas: 42822-86-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Garboui, Samira S. published the artcileRepellency of MyggA Natural spray (para-menthane-3,8-diol) and RB86 (neem oil) against the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the field in east-central Sweden, SDS of cas: 42822-86-6, the main research area is MyggA para menthanediol RB86 azadirachtin neem oil tick repellent.

In the field in south-central Sweden, we tested by randomized, standardized methodol. the potential anti-tick repellent activity of 2 concentrations of MyggA Natural spray (containing PMD) (4.2 and 3.2 g/m2) and one of RB86 (with 70% neem oil containing azadirachtin)(3 g/m2) to host seeking nymphs of Ixodes ricinus. Each substance was applied sep. to 1 m2 cotton flannel cloths. Nymphal ticks on the cloths, pulled over the vegetation, were recorded at 10-m stops. Nymphal numbers recorded differed significantly between treated cloths [4.2 or 3.2 g MyggA Natural spray/m2 and 3 g RB86/m2] and the untreated control (df = 3, χ2 = 112.74). Nymphal numbers also differed significantly among collectors (df = 3, χ2 = 15.80). Repellency of treated cloths, i.e., 4.2 or 3.2 g MyggA Natural spray/m2 and 3 g RB 86/m2 declined from day 0 (i.e. the day of impregnation) to day 3 after impregnation from 77 to 24%, 58 to 16%, and 47 to 0.5%, resp. This study suggests that all 3 treatments have significant repellent activities against I. ricinus nymphs.

Experimental and Applied Acarology published new progress about Acaricides. 42822-86-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, SDS of cas: 42822-86-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

LaBella, Abigail Leavitt published the artcileSignatures of optimal codon usage in metabolic genes inform budding yeast ecology, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is optimal codon metabolic gene budding yeast ecol.

Reverse ecol. is the inference of ecol. information from patterns of genomic variation. One rich, heretofore underutilized, source of ecol. relevant genomic information is codon optimality or adaptation. Bias toward codons that match the tRNA pool is robustly associated with high gene expression in diverse organisms, suggesting that codon optimization could be used in a reverse ecol. framework to identify highly expressed, ecol. relevant genes. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between optimal codon usage in the classic galactose metabolism (GAL) pathway and known ecol. niches for 329 species of budding yeasts, a diverse subphylum of fungi. We find that optimal codon usage in the GAL pathway is pos. correlated with quant. growth on galactose, suggesting that GAL codon optimization reflects increased capacity to grow on galactose. Optimal codon usage in the GAL pathway is also pos. correlated with human-associated ecol. niches in yeasts of the CUG-Ser1 clade and with dairy-associated ecol. niches in the family Saccharomycetaceae. For example, optimal codon usage of GAL genes is greater than 85% of all genes in the genome of the major human pathogen Candida albicans (CUG-Ser1 clade) and greater than 75% of genes in the genome of the dairy yeast Kluyveromyces lactis (family Saccharomycetaceae). We further find a correlation between optimization in the GALactose pathway genes and several genes associated with nutrient sensing and metabolism This work suggests that codon optimization harbors information about the metabolic ecol. of microbial eukaryotes. This information may be particularly useful for studying fungal dark matter-species that have yet to be cultured in the lab or have only been identified by genomic material.

PLoS Biology published new progress about Adaptation. 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application of (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts