Tag: M.W=150-200

Rehman, S. U. published the artcileDetermination of volatiles using GC-MS from peel essential oils of various citrus varieties of Pakistani origin, Formula: C10H20O2, the main research area is peel essential oil citrus fruit volatile.

Peel essential oil of citrus varieties, Malta (Citrus sinensis), grapefruit (C. paradisi), Kinnow (C. reticulata), Fewtrell’s early (C. reticulata), Mosambi (C. sinensis), and Eureka lemon (C. limon) were evaluated by GC-MS technique, after extracting through cold expressing. The results delineated that limonene followed by myrcene and α-pinene were the main components. β-Panasinsene, α-bisabolol, and citronellal were also common volatiles identified as sesquiterpene, monoterpene alc. and aldehyde. Among monoterpenes, β-pinene and γ-terpinene were identified in Eureka lemon, γ-muurolene in Fewtrell’s early and pantaene in grapefruit. Sesquiterpenes including α-caryophyllene, γ-elemene and 1,2,1-docosadiene were identified in Fewtrell’s early, bisabolene and di-Me, 1,3,6-octatriene in Eureka lemon, cyclopentene in Kinnow and bergapten in grapefruit peel oils. Regarding monoterpene and sesquiterpene alcs., 1-nonanol in Fewtrell’s early and nerol, elemol and α-bisabolol in grapefruit and nerolidol, cis-nerolidol and 2,6-octadien-1-ol in Eureka lemon and 3-cyclohexene-1 methanol in Kinnow peel oil have been identified. Among aldehydes, capraldehyde and 3-cyclohexene-1 carboxaldehyde in Kinnow, α-sinensal in Malta, cis-9-hexadecenal and tetradecanal in Fewtrell’s early peel oils were also found. The ketones identified were 5, 9-undecadien-2-on and dihyrocarvone in grapefruit and 3-isopropylidene-5-methyl-hex-4-en-2-2- one, β-elemenone and 9-oxa-bicyclo (3.3.1) nona-3, 6-dien-2-one in Kinnow peel oil. Similarly, terpinyl propionate in Kinnow, neryl acetate in grapefruit, 3,7-dimethyl-Me ester in Eureka lemon, citronellyl acetate in grapefruit, 3, 7 dimethyl-acetate in Eureka lemon were present as esters. A number of individual volatiles as oxides have also been identified, which included geranyl bromide and α-bisabolene epoxide in Eureka lemon, (2S, 4R)-p-mentha-6,8-diene 2-hydroperoxide and (1R, 4R)-p-mentha-2, 8-diene 1-hydroperoxide in Kinnow peel oils. Moreover, some acidic volatiles as dodecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid in Kinnow and phthalic acid in grapefruit peel oil were also identified.

Journal of Food Science and Technology published new progress about Alcohols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 42822-86-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methylcyclohexanol, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Formula: C10H20O2.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Li, Huixian published the artcileImmune characteristics of IgA nephropathy with minimal change disease, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, the main research area is human IgA nephropathy minimal change disease; IgA nephropathy; MCD-IgAN; anti-glycan autoantibodies; galactose deficient IgA1; inflammation; minimal change disease.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) has a high degree of heterogeneity in clin. and pathol. features. Among all subsets of IgAN, the pathogenesis of IgAN with minimal change disease (MCD-IgAN) remained controversial. We analyzed the clin. and pathol. characteristics of MCD-IgAN patients in a retrospective cohort. Patients diagnosed with IgAN, excluding MCD-IgAN, were randomly selected as controls. Levels of plasma galactose-deficient IgA1 (GdIgA1), IgG autoantibodies against GdIgA1, GdIgA1 deposition in the glomerulus, and inflammatory reactivity of circulating poly-IgA1 complexes to cultured mesangial cells were evaluated. Patients with MCD-IgAN had significantly higher levels of proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), lower levels of albumin and urine blood cells, and milder histol. lesions by a light microscope compared to IgAN patients, which bears a resemblance to MCD. Lower levels of GdIgA1 (3.41 ± 1.68 vs. 4.92 ± 2.30μg/mL, p = 0.009) and IgG antiglycan autoantibodies (23.25 ± 22.59 vs. 76.58 ± 71.22 IU/mL, p < 0.001) were found in MCD-IgAN patients than those in IgAN controls. Meanwhile, weaker fluorescence intensities of both IgA and GdIgA1 were observed in the glomerulus of MCD-IgAN patients compared to those in IgAN patients. Furthermore, poly-IgA1 complexes from MCD-IgAN patients induced weaker inflammatory effects on cultured mesangial cells than those from IgAN patients in vitro. The results demonstrated that MCD-IgAN cases represent a dual glomerulopathy, namely, mild IgAN with superimposed MCD, which furthermore provides substantial evidence for the corticosteroids therapy in MCD-IgAN patients as the guidelines recommended. Frontiers in Pharmacology published new progress about Albumins Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Recommanded Product: (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Anastasaki, Eirini published the artcileElectrophysiological responses of Philaenus spumarius and Neophilaenus campestris females to plant volatiles, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5, the main research area is Philaenus Neophilaenus Olea Polygala volatile electrophysiol; Aphrophoridae; Apiaceae; Apium graveolens; Cistaceae; Cistus creticus; Cynodon dactylon; Fabaceae; GC-EAD; Insect–plant interactions; Lolium arundinaceum; Medicago sativa; Neophilaenus campestris; Olea europea; Oleaceae; Olfactometer; Petroselinum crispum; Philaenus spumarius; Pinaceae; Pinus halepensis; Poaceae; Polygala myrtifolia; Polygalageae; Xyllela fastidiosa.

In the present study, we aim to identify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may act as semiochems. for these species. Using the dynamic headspace technique, we collected VOCs from Olea europaea L. and Polygala myrtifolia L., highly susceptible plant species to X. fastidiosa, Pinus halepensis Mill., a common plant where N. campestris is found during summer, and from host plant species that are used as cover crops or exist as natural vegetation in olive orchards, such as Cistus creticus L., Medicago sativa L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. In addition, antennae of P. spumarius females responded to camphor, limonene, 4-Me octane and sabinene. These compounds were found in the volatile profile of at least 5 out of 8 examined plant species. Behavioral bioassays using Y-tube olfactometry were performed on volatiles that elicited antennal responses during electrophysiol. studies. Among the compounds tested in behavioral studies, namely (-)-α-pinene, (+)-α-pinene, sabinene, (-)-S-limonene and (1R)-(+)-camphor, only the last one elicited a significant attraction response by P. spumarius females. The results achieved shed light on the VOCs from selected host plant species of X. fastidiosa that are perceived by two important insect vectors and a non-host plant, P. crispum. The identification of semiochems. for manipulating spittlebugs behavior contribute to the development of efficient monitoring tools for X. fastidiosa vectors.

Phytochemistry (Elsevier) published new progress about Alcohols Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 124-76-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is rel-(1R,2R,4R)-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, and the molecular formula is C10H18O, Application In Synthesis of 124-76-5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yang, Man published the artcileExtracellular vesicle glucose transporter-1 and glycan features in monocyte-endothelial inflammatory interactions, COA of Formula: C6H12O6, the main research area is endothelial cell inflammation monocyte extracellular vesicles GLUT1 glycan; Exosome; Extracellular vesicle; Glucose transporter-1; Glycan node analysis; Inflammation.

Monocyte-induced endothelial cell inflammation is associated with multiple pathol. conditions, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential nanosized components of intercellular communication. EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes were previously shown to carry pro-inflammatory proteins and RNAs. The role of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and glycan features in monocyte-derived EV-induced endothelial cell inflammation remains largely unexplored. This study demonstrates that EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes activate inflammatory pathways in endothelial cells, which are partially attributed to GLUT-1. Alterations in glycan features and increased levels of GLUT-1 were observed in EVs derived from endotoxin-stimulated monocytes. Notably, inhibition of EV-associated GLUT-1, through the use of fasentin, suppressed EV-induced inflammatory cytokines in recipient endothelial cells.

Nanomedicine (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about Annexin V Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, COA of Formula: C6H12O6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sabater, Carlos published the artcileUltrasound-assisted extraction of pectin from artichoke by-products. An artificial neural network approach to pectin characterisation, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is Cynara pectin artificial neural network approach.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) byproducts can be used as a good source of pectin. The aim of this work was to compare different pectin extraction methods: power ultrasound (US), enzymes, combination of US and enzymes (US + E), and acids (nitric and sodium citrate). After 6 h, pectin yield was higher when US was applied in combination with Celluclast1.5 L (up to 13.9%). Structural characterization showed that US-extracted pectins had lower weight-average mol. weight (Mw) values (146-155 kDa) than pectin extracted with US + E (160-267 kDa) and acid-extracted pectin (329-352 kDa). Monomeric composition reflected that pectin extracted with acids had the highest galacturonic acid (GalA) contents (82.2-90.2%) and the lowest degree of branching [Rha/GalA] (0.026-0.031). Structural characteristics of the different pectins were modelled using two artificial neural networks (ANN) considering composition parameters (Model I) and pectin FT-IR spectra (Model II). In addition, a third ANN was built to determine differences and similarities in the GC-MS spectra of monomeric composition (identified and unidentified monosaccharides) (Model III) showing characteristic patterns with high accuracy rates (above 95% on the test set). Structural differences depending on the extraction method of pectin have been established and these models could be applied to pectin from other sources.

Food Hydrocolloids published new progress about Artichoke Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhan, Qiping published the artcileStructural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel acid polysaccharide isolated from the pulp of Rosa laevigata Michx fruit, Computed Properties of 59-23-4, the main research area is Rosa fruit pulp polysaccharide immunomodulatory; Immunomodulatory activity; Polysaccharide; RAW264.7 cells; Rosa laevigata Michx; Structural characterization.

A novel acid polysaccharide (PPRLMF-2) with the Mw of 137,123 Da and a triple-helix conformation was first isolated from the pulp of Rosa laevigata Michx fruit. Structural characterization showed that PPRLMF-2 consisted of rhamnose (7.6%), arabinose (26.5%), xylose (3.5%), mannose (0.9%), glucose (5.7%), galactose (31.9%) and galacturonic acid (23.9%). The methylation and NMR (1D and 2D) anal. revealed that PPRLMF-2 contained 16 types of glycosidic linkages. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that PPRLMF-2 could significantly enhance phagocytosis, the secretion and mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. Addnl., SR, GR, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were the main pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of PPRLMF-2 to upregulate the p-ERK, p-JNK, p-p38, and p-p65. These results suggested that PPRLMF-2 could recognize the PRRs of the macrophages to enhance the immunomodulatory activity via activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study provides important implications of PPRLMF-2 as an attractive immunomodulatory functional food.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Cytokines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Computed Properties of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Yuan, Lei published the artcileStructural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of a neutral polysaccharide from Sambucus adnata Wall, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Sambucus immunomodulatory neutral polysaccharide; Immunomodulatory activity; Polysaccharide; Sambucus adnata Wall; Structure.

A neutral polysaccharide, SPW-2, was purified from the leaves of Sambucus adnata Wall. using water extraction and alc. precipitation, Sevage deproteination, ion exchange chromatog. and gel filtration chromatog. This mol. had an average mol. weight of 7040 Da and was composed of arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.5:0.5:1.2:5.0:1.8. The repetitive structural units of SPW-2 were deduced using methylation anal. and NMR (one- and two-dimensional) spectroscopy. In vitro immunol. activity test showed that SPW-2 could induce the secretion of nitric oxide, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and increase the mRNA expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. The data supported the notion that SPW-2 exerts an immunomodulatory effect by activating macrophages and enhancing the host immune system function, which enabled it to be used as a novel immunomodulator for application in the treatment of immunol. diseases.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Cytokines Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Chang published the artcileExtraction, characterization of aloe polysaccharides and the in-depth analysis of its prebiotic effects on mice gut microbiota, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is aloe polysaccharide galactose rhamnose gut microbiota; Aloe polysaccharides; Gut microbiota; In-depth bioinformatics analysis; Ultrasound extraction.

Despite the well-known health benefits of aloe polysaccharide (APs), little is known about how APs modulate the gut microbiota and the relationship between microbiota and SCFAs. Here, APs was extracted by ultrasound extraction FT-IR and glycosidic linkage type anal. showed that a major part of APs consisted of → 4 -β-Manp- 1 → residues with acetyl groups. APs supplementation to mice prominently boosted SCFAs-producing Bacteroides and Parabacteria in the feces. On the other hand, it decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and Clostridium. A pos. correlation between microbiota and SCFAs was revealed, with Parabacteria and Clostridium being the key microbiota to significantly promote SCFAs. APs promoted the fructose and mannose metabolism by upregulating the gene expression of 17 enzymes, containing fructose-bisphosphate aldolase [EC:4.1.2.13]. Our findings highlight SCFAs-producing Parabacteria were primary degrader of APs, and APs may have prebiotic effects on gut microbiota.

Carbohydrate Polymers published new progress about 16S rRNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Related Products of alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Deng, Wenwen published the artcileStructural characterization and hypolipidemic activities of purified stigma maydis polysaccharides, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4, the main research area is stigma maydis polysaccharide hypolipidemic activity; bile acid‐binding; hyperlipidemia; poloxamer 407; stigma maydis polysaccharide.

This study aimed to investigate structural features and antihyperlipidemic effects of the stigma maydis polysaccharide, termed SMP-1. This polysaccharide was composed of D-mannose, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, and D-galacturonic acid, with a molar ratio of 1.00:0.21:1.41:1.44:0.70:0.44:0.56. The SMP-1 was mainly bonded by (1 → 6) and (1 → 3) linkages, with various monosaccharides being evenly distributed in the main and side chains. Moreover, SMP-1 had neither triple-helical structure nor mol. aggregation. Importantly, the SMP-1 could effectively bind the bile acids in vitro and significantly lower the total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-d. lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and moderately increase the high-d. lipoprotein cholesterol level in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Moreover, pretreatment with SMP-1 (≥300 mg/kg) could remarkably reduce fat accumulation and restore hepatocyte morphol. in the liver of hyperlipidemic mice. Altogether, these findings indicated that SMP-1 could be developed as a safe and effective food supplement for preventing and treating hyperlipidemic disorders.

Food Science & Nutrition (Hoboken, NJ, United States) published new progress about Bile acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Application In Synthesis of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fu, Yuan published the artcilePhysicochemical characteristics and biological activities of polysaccharides from the leaves of different loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) cultivars, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4, the main research area is Eriobotrya leaf physicochem polysaccharide; Binding properties; Enzyme inhibition; Eriobotrya japonica; Loquat; Polysaccharides; Weight-average molecular weights.

In order to explore polysaccharides from loquat leaves (LLPs) as functional food ingredients for prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes, the physicochem. characteristics, in vitro binding properties, and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase of polysaccharides from the leaves of different loquat cultivars, including ‘Baiyu’, ‘Chuannong8’, ‘Yuanbao’, and ‘Dawuxing’, were investigated and compared. Results showed that the contents of total uronic acids and degree of esterification in LLPs ranged from (27.04 ± 1.76)% to (41.46 ± 1.91)%, and from (20.54 ± 0.11)% to (26.90 ± 0.10)%, resp. The weight-average mol. weights of LLPs ranged from 4.307 × 106 Da to 5.101 × 106 Da, and the major constituent monosaccharides of LLPs were rhamnose, galacturonic acid, arabinose, and galactose. Furthermore, LLPs exerted strong in vitro fat binding, cholesterol binding, and bile acid binding capacities, as well as remarkable inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which might be attributed to their mol. weights, mol. weight distributions, and degree of esterification. Results are helpful for better understanding of chem. structures and bioactivities of polysaccharides from loquat leaves, and LLPs had good potential to be explored as functional food ingredients for prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules published new progress about Bile acids Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 59-23-4 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal, and the molecular formula is C6H12O6, Synthetic Route of 59-23-4.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts