Tag: M.W=100-150

Wang, Bo published the artcileBiohybrid photoheterotrophic metabolism for significant enhancement of biological nitrogen fixation in pure microbial cultures, Quality Control of 97-67-6, the main research area is Rhodopseudomonas nitrogen fixation photoheterotrophic metabolism biocompatibility.

We induce the coating of biocompatible cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) on the living cell surface of a versatile photoheterotrophic bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The photo-induced electrons from the CdS NPs significantly improve the biol. nitrogen fixation in pure cultures of R. palustris, as shown by increased nitrogenase activity, addnl. H2 evolution, elevated reducing equivalent, and increased intracellular ammonia and L-amino acids. As a result, an addnl. 153% of solid biomass is accumulated by the biohybrid cells, with outstanding photosynthetic efficiency of 6.73% and a nearly unaffected malate usage efficiency of 0.06 g h-1. The number of NPs and the cross-membrane interface both play important roles in the efficient generation and transduction of electrons. The biohybrid cells continuously fix N2 when sufficient N is available, thus revealing excessive reducing power. The Calvin cycle also contributes 28.1% to the addnl. solid biomass in the presence of available CO2. The CdS-coated photoheterotrophic cells exhibit excellent practical feasibility with an industrial waste carbon source under a solar/dark cycle. This study provides a facile and expandable strategy for other studies of visible-light-driven ambient N2 fixation and advanced solar-to-chem. conversion.

Energy & Environmental Science published new progress about Biomass. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Quality Control of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Cerdeira, Victoria published the artcileDesign of a low-cost culture medium based in whey permeate for biomass production of enological Lactobacillus plantarum strains, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Lactobacillus culture medium whey permeate biomass production; enological Lactobacillus plantarum strains; malic acid consumption; nutritional supplementation; sterile wine; whey permeate.

The production of malolactic starter cultures requires the obtention of suitably large biomass at low-cost. In this work it was possible to obtain a good amount of biomass, at laboratory scale, of two enol. strains of Lb. plantarum, by formulating a culture medium based on whey permeate (WP), a byproduct of the cheese industry usually disposed as waste, when this was supplemented with yeast extract (Y), salts (S) and Tween 80 (T) (WPYST). Bacteria grown in WPYST medium exhibited good tolerance to stress conditions of synthetic wine (pH 3.5, ethanol 13% vol/vol). However, when WPYST was added with 8% vol/vol ethanol, cultures inoculated in synthetic wine, showed a lower viability and capacity to consume L-malic acid than when they were cultured in WPYST without ethanol. Subsequently, strains grown in WPYST were inoculated in sterile wine samples (final stage of alc. fermentation) of the red varietals Merlot and Pinot noir, and incubated at laboratory scale. Cultures from WPYST, inoculated in Pinot noir wine, showed a better performance than bacteria grown in MRS broth, and exhibited a consumption of L-malic acid higher than 90%. However, cultures from WPYST or from MRS broth, inoculated in sterile Merlot wine, showed a lower survival. This study allowed the formulation of a low-cost culture medium, based on a byproduct of the food industry, which showed to be adequate for the growth of two enol. strains of Lb. plantarum, suggesting their potentiality for application in the elaboration of malolactic starter cultures.

Biotechnology Progress published new progress about Biomass. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Chenggang published the artcilePerennial cover crop biomass contributes to regulating soil P availability more than rhizosphere P-mobilizing capacity in rubber-based agroforestry systems, Quality Control of 97-67-6, the main research area is soil phosphorus rhizosphere agroforestry system biomass.

Cover crops used in agroforestry systems (AFS) are generally perceived to improve soil quality, but mechanisms underlying phosphorus (P) cycling in complex rhizosphere system are less clear, because the impacts of incorporated crops are often determined by inclusion time, residue management and species. We quantified 7-yr cumulative effects of perennial legume cover crop-Flemingia macrophylla on rhizosphere P cycling and availability during the dry and wet seasons in young and mature rubber-based AFS (i.e., YAFS and MAFS) in tropical China by analyzing cover crop biomass and P content, as well as net rhizosphere changes in P-mobilizing capacity (pH, organic acids and phosphatase activity) and P fractions. Compared to their monoculture counterparts, YAFS enhanced plant biomass and P stock in both seasons, whereas MAFS exhibited an opposite trend, except for increased biomass and P stock of floor litter in the dry season. Moreover, YAFS had a greater effect on net rhizosphere properties by reducing pH and increasing organic acids concentrations and acid phosphatase activity, but MAFS hardly alter them. However, these changes had little effect on net rhizosphere P fractions in both seasons, except the contribution of calcium-P to increasing P availability to a certain extent. Net rhizosphere organic P and microbial biomass P in YAFS were enhanced in both seasons by abundant residue returns from cover crop. Net rhizosphere available P surplus occurred in YAFS in the dry season and maintained balance in the wet season, but it almost reached a deficit in MAFS in both seasons. These results suggest that rhizosphere P cycling was more improved by cover crop in YAFS than MAFS, and biomass of cover crop residue contributed to regulating rhizosphere P cycling and availability more than rhizosphere P-mobilizing capacity. Our study highlights the importance of residue management of permanent cover crops on rhizosphere P cycling and availability in AFS with different ages.

Geoderma published new progress about Biomass. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Quality Control of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ling, Xiangyang published the artcileMotion of Particles in a Monolayer Induced by Coalescing of a Bubble with a Planar Air-Water Interface, Application of n-Octanol, the main research area is glass microsphere coalescence bubble gas liquid interface.

The motion of particles in a monolayer induced by the coalescing of a bare bubble with a planar air-water interface was investigated in a modified Langmuir trough. Experiments were performed to understand the effect of particle hydrophobicity, subphase pH, packing d., the presence of a weak surfactant, and particle size distribution on the behavior of particle movement in the monolayer during the coalescence process. Video tracking software was used to track the particles and extract data based on the video footage. Visual inspection indicated that the coalescence of the bubble with the monolayer was a chaotic process which led the interface to oscillate to an extent that the particles underwent complete rearrangement. A simple anal. was carried out on the main forces involved in particle motion and rearrangement at the oscillating air-water interface. The motion characteristic of particles was evaluated by speed and mean-square displacement (MSD). The results showed that the butanol-treated particles had higher speed and MSD than the particles with a stronger affinity to the air-water interface. Similar results were also found at high subphase pH and low packing factor.

Langmuir published new progress about Bubbles. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hori, Yohei published the artcileCombined effects of alcohol and electrolyte on mass transfer from single carbon-dioxide bubbles in vertical pipes, COA of Formula: C8H18O, the main research area is alc electrolyte mass transfer carbon dioxide bubble sodium chloride.

Mass transfer rates, kL, of single carbon-dioxide (CO2) bubbles rising through vertical pipes filled with alc.-electrolyte mixed aqueous solutions were measured to investigate the combined effects of alc. and electrolyte on kL. 1-octanol and 1-heptanol, which are known to adsorb to the interface and behave like surfactant, were used. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used for the electrolyte. The surface tension, σ, decreased with increasing the NaCl concentrations, CN, while keeping the alc. concentration, CA, constant Three combinations of CA and CN having the same values of σ were selected for the exptl. conditions to avoid the effect of σ. The pipe diameters, D, were 12.5 and 18.2 mm. A wide range of bubble diameter covered various bubble shapes, i.e. ellipsoidal, cap, semi-Taylor and Taylor bubbles. The conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) the combination of CA and CN for the same σ does not affect the aspect ratios of ellipsoidal bubbles and the lengths, L, of Taylor bubbles, (2) the Sherwood numbers, Sh, of bubbles in alc.-NaCl mixed aqueous solutions depend on the combination of CA and CN due to the change in the Schmidt number, Sc, even at the same σ for all the tested combinations of concentrations of impurities, and (3) the modified Sherwood number, ShD, of contaminated Taylor bubbles is well correlated in terms of the bubble Reynolds number, Sc, the dimensionless group for surfactant properties and L/dT, where dT is the transition bubble diameter at the transition from the ellipsoidal-cap bubble regime to the transition regime.

International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer published new progress about Bubbles. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, COA of Formula: C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Gomathi, V. published the artcileSupramolecular networks and Hirshfeld surfaces of oxydiacetic acid and iminodiacetic acid salts, Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, the main research area is supramol network Hirshfeld surfaces oxydiacetic acid iminodiacetic salt; Hirshfeld analysis; hydrogen bonding interactions; iminodiacetic acid; oxydiacetic acid.

Oxydiacetic acid (Oda) and iminodiacetic acid (Ida) have been combined with two diamines, namely ethylenediamine (en) and o-phenylenediamine (o-phen), to give three mol. crystals of compositions [(Oda2-)(en2+)]·H2O (Odaen), [(Ida-)(0.5en+)] (Idaen) and [(Oda-)(o-phen+)] (Odaophen). Single crystal X-ray structure determination of the three mol. salts revealed that the hydrogen bonding interactions form distinct supramol. chains. In Odaen, water mols. and Oda2- anions generate one-dimensional supramol. chains where two chains overlap each other in zigzag form. In Odaophen, Oda- anions generate a one-dimensional linear supramol. chain. In Idaen, both intermol. and intramol. proton transfer occurs. Ida- anions generate a one-dimensional zigzag chain. These one-dimensional supramol. chains extend to form different two-dimensional supramol. chains by the interaction of diaminium and monoaminium cations. Intermol. close contacts are also examined using Hirshfeld anal. to reveal similarities and differences in the crystal structures.

Acta Crystallographica, Section B: Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials published new progress about Cations. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Shen, Dong-Yu published the artcileCharacterization of key odor-active compounds in pure chicken powder and the effect of yeast extract, using instrumental and sensory techniques, Application of 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is yeast extract gas chromatog olfactometry mass spectrometry.

Pure chicken powder (PCP) is a reliable source of mellow chicken soup flavor in seasoning, but it has some unstable compounds and is prone to lipid oxidation, which leads to unpleasant odor. Adding yeast extract (YE) can reduce the off-odor intensity of PCP. Based on the results of gas chromatog.-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS), two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatog.-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-O-MS) and combined aroma extract dilution anal. (AEDA), 14 key odor-active compounds were identified. Internal standard curve method was used for quant. anal., and the odor activity value (OAV) was calculated Octanal, 1-octen-3-ol and hexanal were found to be the most vital odor-active compounds in PCP. The odor-active compounds of YE were studied by the same method, and di-Me trisulfide was identified as the most important odor-active compound of YE. Addnl., recombination and omission experiments were carried out with PCP. Finally, it was found that a low concentration of di-Me trisulfide had masking effect on the odor of PCP.

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis published new progress about Chicken. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Application of 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hakamata, Yuki published the artcileDifferences in breast muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity, reactive oxygen species generation, and complex characteristics between 7-week-old meat-and laying-type chickens, Quality Control of 97-67-6, the main research area is chicken meat reactive oxygen species breast muscle mitochondrial respiration; cardiolipin; carnitine palmitoyltransferase system; fatty acid oxidation; reactive oxygen species production; respiratory complex; respiratory supercomplex.

The skeletal muscle growth rate is a major feature differentiating meat- and laying-type chickens. A large amount of ATP is required during skeletal muscle synthesis, in which mitochondrial energy production capacities play a significant role. Addnl., mitochondria may participate in muscle protein degradation via reactive oxygen species generation. To investigate the differences in mitochondrial energetic characteristics between chickens exhibiting different growth rates, this study evaluated respiratory capacities in response to different types of respiratory substrate, protein abundances, assembly of individual respiratory complexes (I-V) and supercomplexes, and reactive oxygen species generation rates. These characteristics were compared between mitochondria from the breast muscle (M. pectoralis superficialis) of seven-week-old meat- and laying-type male chickens. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis anal. revealed that meat-type chickens exhibited a significantly lower protein abundance of complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex), complex V (F0F1 ATP synthase), and total amount of supercomplexes than did laying-type chickens. There were no differences between chicken types in the respiration rate of mitochondria incubated with either pyruvate/malate or succinate, each of which drives complex I- and complex IIlinked respiration. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1-dependent and -independent respiration during ATP synthesis and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-2 enzymic activity were significantly lower in meat-type chickens than in layingtype chickens. For mitochondria receiving pyruvate/malate plus succinate, the reactive oxygen species generation rate and its ratio to the oxygen consumed (the percentage of free radical leak) were also significantly lower in meat-type chickens than in laying-type chickens. These results suggested that the mitochondrial energetic capacities of the breast muscle of meat-type chickens could be lower than those of laying-type chickens at seven weeks of age. Furthermore, the lower reactive oxygen species generation rate in meat-type chickens might have implications for rapid muscle development, which is possibly related to their lower muscle protein degradation rates.

Journal of Poultry Science published new progress about Chicken. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Quality Control of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kopuncova, Maria published the artcileAroma stability and sensory aspects of commercially produced orange juice: gas chromatography-olfactometry study, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is orange juice aroma stability sensory aspect gas chromatog olfactometry.

The effects of pasteurization and 4-mo storage on the aroma profile of orange juices with pulp that were fully processed and packed in inert nitrogen atm. were investigated within the span of 2 years (2018 and 2019). Headspace solid-phase microextraction, gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, as well as gas chromatog. coupled to flame ionization detection and olfactometry, were used for extraction, and subsequent anal. of the odor-active volatiles. Observed changes in their odor intensity, including the formation of some off-flavors such as methional, furaneol, 4-vinylguaiacol and guaiacol, were not significant to that extent to lead to an evident worsening in the overall flavor of juices. Thus, the use of nitrogen atm. proved its ability to protect the organoleptic quality of juice from undesirable changes caused by oxidative load or acid-catalyzed reactions. Aroma profiles of fresh juices were considerably influenced by diverse climatic conditions, and different seasons of orange harvest in monitored years. Pasteurization and storage had lesser impact on the volatiles in 2018 as in 2019, probably due to the inter-annual variability in such parameters of juices as content of pulp and pH.

Chemical Papers published new progress about Climate. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Pasti, Alberto Pietro published the artcileHuman lactate dehydrogenase A undergoes allosteric transitions under pH conditions inducing the dissociation of the tetrameric enzyme, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is human lactate dehydrogenase allosteric transition pH tetrameric enzyme; allosteric regulation; enzyme kinetics; lactate dehydrogenase; lactic acid; liver.

The aerobic energetic metabolism of eukaryotic cells relies on the glycolytic generation of pyruvate, which is subsequently channelled to the oxidative phosphorylation taking place in mitochondria. However, under conditions limiting oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate is coupled to alternative energetic pathways, e.g. its reduction to lactate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs). This biochem. process is known to induce a significant decrease in cytosolic pH, and is accordingly denoted lactic acidosis. Nevertheless, the mutual dependence of LDHs action and lactic acidosis is far from being fully understood. Using human LDH-A, here we show that when exposed to acidic pH this enzyme is subjected to homotropic allosteric transitions triggered by pyruvate. Conversely, human LDH-A features Michaelis-Menten kinetics at pH values equal to 7.0 or higher. Further, citrate, isocitrate, and malate were observed to activate human LDH-A, both at pH 5.0 and 6.5, with citrate and isocitrate being responsible for major effects. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments revealed that the occurrence of allosteric kinetics in human LDH-A is mirrored by a consistent dissociation of the enzyme tetramer, suggesting that pyruvate promotes tetramer association under acidic conditions. Finally, using the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 we isolated cells featuring cytosolic pH equal to 7.3 or 6.5, and we observed a concomitant decrease in cytosolic pH and lactate secretion. Overall, our observations indicate the occurrence of a neg. feedback between lactic acidosis and human LDH-A activity, and a complex regulation of this feedback by pyruvate and by some intermediates of the Krebs cycle.

Bioscience Reports published new progress about Cytosol. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Safety of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts