Tag: M.W=100-150

Goulart, Cristiano O. L. published the artcileAnalysis of diglycolic acid after mass poisoning by diethylene glycol, Computed Properties of 110-99-6, the main research area is diethylene glycol diglycolic acid mass poisoning analysis.

In Dec. 2019, unusual cases of acute renal failure with neurol. changes were observed in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Criminal investigations indicated cases of intoxication after consumption of beers contaminated with diethylene glycol (DEG). The elimination of DEG by the body is fast, but its metabolite, diglycolic acid (DA), may persist for a long time. To assess the level of intoxicated victims who consumed the contaminated beers, qual. and quant. methods were developed to determine DA in biol. matrixes by gas chromatog. coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and gas chromatog. coupled to a mass spectrometer with triple-quadrupole mass filter (GC-MS-MS), resp. The validated qual. method presents good selectivity and limit of detection of 1 μg/mL (whole blood, urine, vitreous humor and cerebrospinal fluid) and 5 μg/g (liver and kidney), resp. A quant. method for whole blood presented satisfactory performance to determine DA. Twelve victims presented pos. results for DA in whole blood, with concentrations ranging from 2 to 108 μg/mL. The toxicol. laboratory of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Minas Gerais was the first governmental agency to identify DA in whole blood, vitreous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, kidney and urine in victims affected by this contaminant. The results of this study legally supported the prohibition of the continued consumption of the beer and avoided further intoxications. Our results showed, for real cases of human intoxication, that DA can still be detected in alternative matrixes, even when non-detectable in blood, demonstrating the importance of collecting different kinds of samples for a proper investigation.

Journal of Analytical Toxicology published new progress about Beer. 110-99-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 2,2′-Oxydiacetic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Computed Properties of 110-99-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Coelho, Eduardo published the artcileVolatile fingerprinting differentiates diverse-aged craft beers, COA of Formula: C4H10OS, the main research area is volatile fingerprinting Saccharomyces Brettanomyces beer aging.

Beer ageing on wood is a complex and difficult to control process involving several reactions and compounds Difficulties in understanding the underlying phenomena often lead to empirical and unpredictable processes and heterogeneous products. This work resorts to volatile fingerprinting along with multivariate anal. as tools to differentiate and highlight differences in beers derived from diverse production processes. Volatile composition of beers originating from barrel ageing processes and unaged beer were analyzed by GC-MS. The collected data was processed by principal component anal., which allowed the evaluation of relations between samples and volatile compounds Beers were distinguished by clusters comprising different groups of volatiles. Beer with the longest period in barrel was in the cluster with the most volatiles. Beer produced by resident barrel microbiota fermentation was characterized by presence of Brettanomyces sp. metabolites. Beer aged in barrel by a shorter time period showed characteristic content of Et esters and oak extractives. Beer produced in inox vat and beer fermented in barrel with pitching of S. cerevisiae appeared in the same cluster, relating with fermentative esters. Volatile fingerprinting was a viable approach to characterize and distinguish the analyzed beers, providing relevant information regarding the impact of production methodologies in volatile composition

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Beer. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, COA of Formula: C4H10OS.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Ambrosi, Alan published the artcileBeer dealcoholization by forward osmosis diafiltration, Safety of 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is beer dealcoholization forward osmosis diafiltration.

Membrane separation processes used for beer dealcoholization have as main advantage the operation at mild temperatures when compared to traditional thermal technologies. Such alternatives to thermal treatment preserve the organoleptic quality of the foods that are being processed. This work assesses the use of forward osmosis to dealcoholize a com. beer containing 5 vol% of alc. In this process, water and ethanol are removed from the beer simultaneously, and diafiltration is used to rehydrate the beer, reducing its alc. content. We assess this study by characterizing the chem. profile of the beer before and after the FO diafiltration process. It was possible to obtain a low alc. beer containing 0.5 vol%, but phys.-chem. properties were impaired. The turbidity and salinity increased by 44% and 70%, resp., while color decreased 7%. We also noticed the loss of flavor compounds Results indicate that forward osmosis can be an alternative to reduce the ethanol content of aqueous solutions such as beverages and fermentation broths.

Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies published new progress about Beer. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Safety of 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Jing, Shan published the artcileHigher growth of the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit cortex is supported by resource intensive metabolism during early development, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Malus fruit development cortex growth metabolism; Carbon metabolism; Cell production; Fruit growth and development; Fruit load reduction; Metabolic profiling; Nitrogen metabolism; Sink activity.

Abstract: Background: The major fleshy tissues of the apple fruit are spatially separable into cortex and pith. These tissues display differential growth during development. We hypothesized that differential growth between these fruit tissues is supported by differential sink metabolic programs, particularly during early development. Growth, metabolite concentrations, and transcript abundance of metabolism-related genes were measured to determine characteristics of differential growth and their underlying metabolic programs. Results: The cortex displayed > 5-fold higher growth than the pith during early fruit development, indicating that differential growth was established during this period. Further, when resource availability was increased through sink-removal, cortex growth was preferentially enhanced. Higher cortex growth during early development was facilitated by increased catabolism of imported carbon (C) resources, sorbitol and sucrose, and the nitrogen (N) resource, asparagine. It was also associated with enhanced primary C metabolism, and C storage as malate and quinate. The pith metabolic program during this period involved limited allocation of C and N to growth, but greater allocation to storage, and enhanced sucrose-sucrose cycling. Conclusions: Together, these data indicate that the fruit cortex tissue displays a resource intensive metabolic program during early fruit development.

BMC Plant Biology published new progress about Apple. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Zhang, Guo-Fang published the artcileReductive TCA cycle metabolism fuels glutamine- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, Product Details of C4H6O5, the main research area is TCA cycle metabolism fuel glucose insulin secretion; NADPH; anaplerosis; insulin secretion; isocitrate dehydrogenase-2; metabolic flux; pancreatic islet β cells; reductive TCA cycle; stable isotopes.

Metabolic fuels regulate insulin secretion by generating second messengers that drive insulin granule exocytosis, but the biochem. pathways involved are incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that stimulation of rat insulinoma cells or primary rat islets with glucose or glutamine + 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (Gln + BCH) induces reductive, “”counter-clockwise”” tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux of glutamine to citrate. Mol. or pharmacol. suppression of isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2), which catalyzes reductive carboxylation of 2-ketoglutarate to isocitrate, results in impairment of glucose- and Gln + BCH-stimulated reductive TCA cycle flux, lowering of NADPH levels, and inhibition of insulin secretion. Pharmacol. suppression of IDH2 also inhibits insulin secretion in living mice. Reductive TCA cycle flux has been proposed as a mechanism for generation of biomass in cancer cells. Here we demonstrate that reductive TCA cycle flux also produces stimulus-secretion coupling factors that regulate insulin secretion, including in non-dividing cells.

Cell Metabolism published new progress about Blood. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Product Details of C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Liu, Bilin published the artcileComparative study on isolation and mitochondrial function of adult mouse and rat cardiomyocytes, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is cardiomyocyte mitochondria reactive oxygen species; Cardiomyocytes cultivation; Mitochondrial function; Mouse; ROS; Rat; mPTP.

The functions of mouse cardiomyocytes decline faster than rat cardiomyocytes in culture conditions. However, little is known about the difference of mitochondrial function between cultured mouse and rat myocytes. Cardiomyocytes mitochondrial functions were measured after 2 h, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 4 days culture by monitoring mitoflashes. Then, we focused on the third day cultured mouse and rat myocytes, comparatively analyzing the respiration function and superoxide generation stimulated by pyruvate/malate/ADP and the mPTP opening induction. Mouse myocytes showed lower respiration and mitoflash activity, but without the change of maximum uncoupled respiration when compared with rat myocytes. Although the response to superoxide production stimulated by respiration substrates was slower than rat myocytes, the basal superoxide generation is faster than the rat. The faster mitochondrial ROS generation of mouse myocytes upon laser stimulation triggered the faster mPTP opening compared with the rat. Finally, antioxidant MitoTEMPO pretreatment preserved the mitochondrial function of mouse myocytes on the third day. The mitochondrial function and stability are different between cultured mouse and rat cardiac myocytes beyond 3 days even though they both belong to Muridae. Mitochondrial ROS impairs the mitochondrial functions of mouse cardiomyocytes on the third day. Suppressing superoxide maintained the mitochondrial function of mouse myocytes on the third day.

Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology published new progress about Blood. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Recommanded Product: (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Araujo de Lima, Ludmila published the artcileEffects of vitamin D (VD3) supplementation on the brain mitochondrial function of male rats, in the 6-OHDA-induced model of Parkinson’s disease, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6, the main research area is vitamin supplementation brain mitochondrial function OHDA induced Parkinson disease; 6-OHDA-model of PD; Mitochondria; Oxidative stress; VD3; Vitamin D.

Mitochondria dysfunction is an important factor involved in PD pathogenesis. We reported neuroprotective actions of vitamin D (VD3) on a PD model, and now we investigated the VD3 effects on the brain mitochondrial function. We focused on oxygen consumption, respiratory control ratio (RCR), ADP/O ratio, mitochondria swelling, H2O2 production, and SOD activity. Addnl., immunohistochem. assays for the dopamine system markers (TH and DAT) and mitochondrial markers (VDAC1 and Hsp60) were also carried out in the striata. Young adult male Wistar rats (250 g, 2.5 mo age) were anesthetized and subjected to stereotaxic surgery and injection of saline (SO group) or 6-OHDA, into the right striatum. Brain mitochondria were isolated from the groups: sham-operated (SO), 6-OHDA, 6-OHDA pretreated with VD3 for 7, days before the 6-OHDA lesion (6-OHDA+VD3, pre-) or treated with VD3 for 14 days, after the 6-OHDA lesion (6-OHDA+VD3, post-). VD3 prevented decreases in oxygen consumption, RCR, and ADP/O ratio observed after 6-OHDA injury. Noteworthy, a very low (oxygen consumption and RCR) or no improvement (ADP/O) were observed in the 6-OHDA+VD3 post- group. VD3 also prevented the increased mitochondria swelling and H2O2 production and a decrease in SOD activity, resp., in the 6-OHDA injured mitochondria. Also, VD3 supplementation protected the hemiparkinsonian brain from decreases in TH and DAT expressions and decreased the upregulation of mitochondrial markers, as VDAC 1 and Hsp60. In conclusion, VD3 showed neuroprotective actions on brain mitochondria injured by 6-OHDA and should stimulate translational studies focusing on its use as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as PD.

Neurochemistry International published new progress about Brain. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, HPLC of Formula: 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Farhat, Elie published the artcileGoldfish response to chronic hypoxia: mitochondrial respiration, fuel preference and energy metabolism, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6, the main research area is hypoxia mitochondrial respiration energy metabolism glycolysis beta oxidation goldfish; Na+/K+-ATPase; beta-oxidation; citrate synthase; glycolysis; hypoxia tolerance; metabolic suppression; mitochondria.

Hypometabolism is a hallmark strategy of hypoxia tolerance. To identify potential mechanisms of metabolic suppression, we have used the goldfish to quantify the effects of chronically low oxygen (4 wk; 10% air saturation) on mitochondrial respiration capacity and fuel preference. The responses of key enzymes from glycolysis, β-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and Na+/K+-ATPase were also monitored in various tissues of this champion of hypoxia tolerance. Results show that mitochondrial respiration of individual tissues depends on oxygen availability as well as metabolic fuel oxidized. All the respiration parameters measured in this study (LEAK, OXPHOS, Respiratory Control Ratio, CCCP-uncoupled, and COX) are affected by hypoxia, at least for one of the metabolic fuels. However, no common pattern of changes in respiration states is observed across tissues, except for the general downregulation of COX that may help metabolic suppression. Hypoxia causes the brain to switch from carbohydrates to lipids, with no clear fuel preference in other tissues. It also downregulates brain Na+/K+-ATPase (40%) and causes widespread tissue-specific effects on glycolysis and beta-oxidation This study shows that hypoxia-acclimated goldfish mainly promote metabolic suppression by adjusting the glycolytic supply of pyruvate, reducing brain Na+/K+-ATPase, and downregulating COX, most likely decreasing mitochondrial d.

Metabolites published new progress about Brain. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Synthetic Route of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Hossain, Yousuf Md. published the artcileEffluent-free deep dyeing of cotton fabric with cacao husk extracts using the Taguchi optimization method, Safety of n-Octanol, the main research area is cotton fabric cacao husk extract deep dyeing Taguchi optimization.

Textile dyehouses are under scrutiny because they discharge colored and hazardous effluents to waterways. There is a need to develop an alternative dyeing system that does not produce any hazardous effluent. The waterless dyeing method could be a viable eco-friendly alternative to the traditional aqueous dyeing method. In this work, cacao husk extracts were used as a natural dye in the decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) medium for the dyeing of cotton fabric, and subsequently, the dyed cotton was treated by a fixation treatment with a cationic dye-fixing agent in the D5 medium. The cotton fabric dyed with cacao husk extracts exhaustion in the waterless D5 medium exhibited better exhaustion, fixation rate, color strength (K/S), and colorfastness to washing and rubbing compared to the fabric dyed with the same extracts using the conventional aqueous dyeing and dye-fixing methods. The dye exhaustion percentage and the dye fixation rate were 95.6% and 94.8% in the D5 medium resp., which is significantly higher in comparison to a 48.2% dye exhaustion percentage and a 35.3% dye fixation rate in the conventional water medium. An orthogonal array design (L9) was adopted to optimize the dyeing conditions with respect to exhaustion percentage. The results indicated that the dyebath temperature was the most important factor for achieving the optimal dye exhaustion, and dyeing time also showed considerable effects. Linear regression was used to predict the exhaustion percentage, and the resulting p value of 0.000 demonstrated that a strong coefficient was proven among all selected factors. This study has demonstrated that dyeing of cotton fabric with cacao husk extracts in the D5 dyeing system can be a viable method for the textile industry with minimal environmental pollution.

Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands) published new progress about Color. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Safety of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Niimi, Jun published the artcileOdour active compounds determined in the headspace of yellow and black plum wines (Prunus domestica L.), Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Prunus wine ethyl isobutyrate cinnamate methionol odor flavor olfactometry.

Odor active compounds (OACs) from the headspace of yellow and black plum wines (Prunus domestica L.) were analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). Olfactometry was conducted using aroma extract dilution assay, through varying split ratios during injection. A total of 18 OACs were determined in the wine headspace including esters, ketones, sulfur containing compounds, alcs., a terpene, and phenolic compounds Thirteen of volatile compounds differed significantly (p < 0.05) in concentration between plum wines. Unique OACs were also detected within the headspace that distinguished the wines, where 4-Et guaiacol was only detected in the yellow plum wine and diacetyl was only detected within the black plum wines. The remaining nine OACs were not significantly different from each other, suggesting their ubiquity in the plum wines. High flavor dilution (FD) values were determined for Et isobutyrate, Et 2-Me butyrate, β-damascenone, and Et cinnamate. All compounds detected in the plum wines have been previously reported in grape wine and demonstrated the commonality of volatile constituents between plum and grape wine. However, the very high concentration of β-damascenone may strongly contribute to the overall aroma of the plum wines. LWT--Food Science and Technology published new progress about Flavor. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts