Tag: M.W=100-150

Farag, Michael M published the artcileHyaluronic Acid Conjugated Metformin-Phospholipid Sonocomplex: A Biphasic Complexation Approach to Correct Hypoxic Tumour Microenvironment., Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks, the main research area is MiaPaCa-2; hyaluronic acid; hypoxia-inducible factor; metformin; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

PURPOSE: Development of hyaluronic acid conjugated metformin-phospholipid sonocomplexes (HA-MPS), a biphasic complexation product compiled for enhancing both the lipophilicity and targeting potential of Metformin (MET) to CD44 receptors on pancreatic cancer. METHODS: MET was chemically conjugated to hyaluronic acid (HA) via amide coupling reaction. Then, the HA conjugated MET was physically conjugated to Lipoid™S100 via ultrasound irradiation. A combined D-optimal design was implemented to statistically optimize formulation variables. The HA-MPS were characterized through solubility studies, partition coefficient, drug content uniformity, particle size and zeta potential. The optimized HA-MPS was tested via proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the nature of physicochemical interactions in the complex which was further scrutinized on molecular level via molecular docking and dynamic simulation. RESULTS: The solubility and partition studies showed a lipophilicity enhancement up to 67 folds as they adopted inverted micelles configuration based on the packing parameter hypothesis. The optimized HA-MPS showed 11.5 folds lower IC50, extra 25% reduction in oxygen consumption rate, better reduction in hypoxia-inducible factor and reactive oxygen species in MiaPaCa-2 cells. CONCLUSION: These results proved better internalization of MET which was reflected by abolishing hypoxic tumour microenvironment, a mainstay toward a normoxic and less resistant pancreatic cancer.

International journal of nanomedicine published new progress about MiaPaCa-2; hyaluronic acid; hypoxia-inducible factor; metformin; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Category: alcohols-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Carpio, Humberto published the artcileSynthesis of 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acids and homologous pyridine and azepine analogs thereof, Synthetic Route of 50966-69-3, the main research area is pyrrolopyrrolecarboxylic acid; pyrrolopyridinecarboxylic acid; pyrroloazepinecarboxylic acid; pyrroleacetate; pyridinecarboxylic acid pyrrolo; azepinecarboxylic acid pyrrolo.

Several syntheses of the previously unknown 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid (I) and various 5- and 6-substituted derivatives were devised. Some of these processes were extended to the heretofore unreported 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyridine-8-carboxylic acid (II) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine-9-carboxylic acid derivatives (e.g., III). Two new processes were developed for the conversion of pyrroles into the corresponding pyrrole-2-acetic acid esters. Both processes were based on the use of the readily available ethoxalylpyrrole derivatives as the starting material. One sequence involved saponification of the α-keto ester, followed by Wolff-Kishner reduction of the crude α-keto acid salt and subsequent esterification of the acetic acid derivative thus produced. The 2nd synthesis commenced with reduction of the 2-ethoxalpyrrole with NaBH4 to the α-hydroxy ester, which was further reduced to the acetic acid ester with an equimolar mixture of PPh3 and PPh3I2.

Canadian Journal of Chemistry published new progress about pyrrolopyrrolecarboxylic acid; pyrrolopyridinecarboxylic acid; pyrroloazepinecarboxylic acid; pyrroleacetate; pyridinecarboxylic acid pyrrolo; azepinecarboxylic acid pyrrolo. 50966-69-3 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(1H-Pyrrol-1-yl)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C7H11NO, Synthetic Route of 50966-69-3.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Weiglein, Alice published the artcileOne-trial learning in larval Drosophila, Formula: C8H18O, the main research area is .

Animals of many species are capable of “”small data”” learning, i.e., of learning without repetition. Here we introduce larval Drosophila melanogaster as a relatively simple study case for such one-trial learning. Using odor-food associative conditioning, we first show that a sugar that is both sweet and nutritious (fructose) and sugars that are only sweet (arabinose) or only nutritious (sorbitol) all support appetitive one-trial learning. The same is the case for the optogenetic activation of a subset of dopaminergic neurons innervating the mushroom body, the memory center of the insects. In contrast, no onetrial learning is observed for an amino acid reward (aspartic acid). As regards the aversive domain, one-trial learning is demonstrated for high-concentration sodium chloride, but is not observed for a bitter tastant (quinine). Second, we provide follow-up, parametric analyses of odor-fructose learning. Specifically, we ascertain its dependency on the number and duration of training trials, the requirements for the behavioral expression of one-trial odor-fructose memory, its temporal stability, and the feasibility of one-trial differential conditioning. Our results set the stage for a neurogenetic anal. of one-trial learning and define the requirements for modeling mnemonic processes in the larva.

Learning & Memory published new progress in CAplus and MEDLINE about 111-87-5, 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Formula: C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kempraj, Vivek published the artcile1-Octanol emitted by Oecophylla smaragdina weaver ants repels and deters oviposition in Queensland fruit fly, Product Details of C8H18O, the main research area is .

Abstract: Humans have used weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina, as biol. control agents to control insect pests in orchards for many centuries. Over recent decades, the effectiveness of weaver ants as biol. control agents has been attributed in part to deterrent and oviposition inhibiting effects of kairomones produced by the ants, but the chem. identity of these kairomones has remained unknown. We have identified the kairomone responsible for deterrence and oviposition inhibition by O. smaragdina, providing a significant advance in understanding the chem. basis of their predator/prey interactions. Olfactometer assays with extracts from weaver ants demonstrated headspace volatiles to be highly repellent to Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni. Using electrophysiol. and bioassays, we demonstrate that this repellence is induced by a single compound, 1-octanol. Of 16 compounds identified in O. smaragdina headspace, only 1-octanol evoked an electrophysiol. response from B. tryoni antennae. Flies had greatly reduced oviposition and spent significantly less time in an olfactometer arm in the presence of 1-octanol or a synthetic blend of headspace volatiles containing 1-octanol than in the presence of a synthetic blend of headspace volatiles without 1-octanol, or clean air. Taken together, our results demonstrate that 1-octanol is the functional kairomone component of O. smaragdina headspace that explains repellence and oviposition deterrence, and is hence an important contributor to the effectiveness of these ants as biol. control agents.

Scientific Reports published new progress in CAplus and MEDLINE about 111-87-5, 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Product Details of C8H18O.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Sun, Xin published the artcilePotential importance of malate diffusion in the response of maize photosynthesis to heterogeneous light, Quality Control of 97-67-6, the main research area is malate maize photosynthesis heterogeneous light; C(4) photosynthesis; Heterogeneous light; Maize (Zea mays L.); Malate diffusion; Systemic regulation.

It is well known that the photosynthetic performance of a leaf is highly dependent on the systemic regulation from distal parts within a plant under light heterogeneity. However, there are few studies focusing on C4-specific processes. In the present study, two cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.), Rongyu 1210 (RY) and Zhongdan 808 (ZD), were treated with heterogeneous light (HL). The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of newly developed leaves was found to increase in HL-treated RY, while it decreased in HL-treated ZD. Result also showed a neg. correlation between the Pn and the content of malate, a key metabolite in C4 photosynthesis, in these two cultivars. In HL-treated ZD, malate content increased with a decline in the abundance of NADP-malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40), suggesting that less malate was decarboxylated. Moreover, a restriction of malate diffusion is proposed in HL-treated ZD, since the interface length between mesophyll cells (MC) and bundle sheath cells (BSC) decreased. In contrast, malate diffusion and subsequent decarboxylation in HL-treated RY should be stimulated, due to an increase in the abundance of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.82) and a decline in the content of malate. In this case, malate diffusion from MC to BSC should be systemically stimulated, thereby facilitating C4 photosynthesis of a maize leaf in heterogeneous light. While if it is systemically restricted, C4 photosynthesis would be suppressed.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France) published new progress about Corn. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Quality Control of 97-67-6.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Kretschmer, Matthias published the artcileOrganic acids and glucose prime late-stage fungal biotrophy in maize, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, the main research area is maize fungal biotrophy organic acids glucose.

Many plant-associated fungi are obligate biotrophs that depend on living hosts to proliferate. However, little is known about the mol. basis of the biotrophic lifestyle, despite the impact of fungi on the environment and food security. In this work, we show that combinations of organic acids and glucose trigger phenotypes that are associated with the late stage of biotrophy for the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis. These phenotypes include the expression of a set of effectors normally observed only during biotrophic development, as well as the formation of melanin associated with sporulation in plant tumors. U. maydis and other hemibiotrophic fungi also respond to a combination of carbon sources with enhanced proliferation. Thus, the response to combinations of nutrients from the host may be a conserved feature of fungal biotrophy.

Science (Washington, DC, United States) published new progress about Corn. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, Application of (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fikarova, K. published the artcileAutomated continuous-flow in-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of mono-nitrophenols from large sample volumes using a novel approach to multivariate spectral analysis, Application of n-Octanol, the main research area is syringe liquid microextraction nitrophenol analysis water pollution; Background simulation; Continuous-flow dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Lab-in-Syringe; Large volume sample pre-treatment; Mono-nitrophenols; Multivariate spectrum analysis.

Continuous magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid extraction followed by dispersive backextn. as a novel pre-treatment technique for adaptable and milliliter volumes of environmental samples has been developed. The procedure was automated using the technique “”Lab-In-Syringe””. The void of the automated syringe pump was used as size-adaptable extraction chamber. By a flow channel in the syringe piston, continuous flow through the syringe void was enabled. 1-Octanol was used as an extractant and dispersed by the action of a magnetic stirring bar, which was placed inside the syringe and driven by an external rotating magnetic field. Extract washing and dispersive backextn. in an alk. aqueous acceptor phase were carried out after the preceding extraction from the acidified water sample. Analyte determination was achieved using multivariate spectrum anal. The method was applied to determine priority pollutants, mono-nitrophenols, in surface water and enabled to reach limits of detection for o-, m-, p-nitrophenol (λ = 418, 390, 400 nm, resp.) of 0.14, 0.26, and 0.02 μmol L-1 (19.5, 36.2, and 2.8 μg L-1), resp. Under optimized conditions, relative standard deviations were generally less than 5% and enrichment factors of o-, m-, p-nitrophenol 19, 25, and 21, resp., were achieved using sample volumes of up to 24 mL. Average recoveries of o-, m-, p-nitrophenol from spiked surface water were 94, 82, and 92%, resp. The concentration of humic acid was found 6-times reduced with respect to the analyte. In addition, adding spectral background modeling allowed nitrophenol determination with precision adequate for routine anal.

Talanta published new progress about Flow. 111-87-5 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is n-Octanol, and the molecular formula is C8H18O, Application of n-Octanol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Romero, Richard R. published the artcileA study of the reaction kinetics of polyisocyanurate foam formulations using real-time FTIR, Name: N2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N1,N1,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, the main research area is polyisocyanurate foam formulation reaction kinetics real time FTIR.

The use of alternative blowing agents for the production of polyisocyanurate (PIR) rigid foam has created a need to better understand how various catalysts participate in isocyanurate formation. The improvement of isocyanate conversion to isocyanurate is one approach to overcome the greater flammability inherent with the use of hydrocarbons. In situ Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) has been used to follow the reaction kinetics of PIR development during foam preparation The activity of amine catalysts for isocyanate conversion is characterized through the use of in situ FTIR. Identification of the reaction products formed from the blowing, gelling, and trimerization reactions provides the opportunity to profile the catalytic effects as the reaction proceeds. Several traditional amine catalysts used by PIR foam manufacturers have been evaluated. The design of catalyst blends in PIR formulation can now be based upon the results of the catalytic activity characterization. In this article, the focus is on understanding the synergies between catalysts used in PIR formulations. Real-time in situ FTIR is the technique of choice for the evaluation of catalysts blends for optimal performance and processing properties.

Journal of Cellular Plastics published new progress about Flow. 2212-32-0 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is N2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N1,N1,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, and the molecular formula is C7H18N2O, Name: N2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-N1,N1,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethylenediamine.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Fan, Yuzhen published the artcileDark respiration rates are not determined by differences in mitochondrial capacity, abundance and ultrastructure in C4 leaves, COA of Formula: C4H6O5, the main research area is C4 photosynthesis leaf bundle sheath mitochondria light respiration; C4 photosynthetic pathway; C4 plants; bundle sheath; mitochondria; mitochondrial ultrastructure; respiration.

Our understanding of the regulation of respiration in C4 plants, where mitochondria play different roles in the different types of C4 photosynthetic pathway, remains limited. We examined how leaf dark respiration rates (Rdark), in the presence and absence of added malate, vary in monocots representing the three classical biochem. types of C4 photosynthesis (NADP-ME, NAD-ME and PCK) using intact leaves and extracted bundle sheath strands. In particular, we explored to what extent rates of Rdark are associated with mitochondrial number, volume and ultrastructure. Based on examination of a single species per C4 type, we found that the respiratory response of NAD-ME and PCK type bundle sheath strands to added malate was associated with differences in mitochondrial number, volume, and/or ultrastructure, while NADP-ME type bundle sheath strands did not respond to malate addition In general, mitochondrial traits reflected the contributions mitochondria make to photosynthesis in the three C4 types. However, despite the obvious differences in mitochondrial traits, no clear correlation was observed between these traits and Rdark. We suggest that Rdark is primarily driven by cellular maintenance demands and not mitochondrial composition per se, in a manner that is somewhat independent of mitochondrial organic acid cycling in the light.

Plant, Cell & Environment published new progress about Leaf. 97-67-6 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is (S)-2-hydroxysuccinic acid, and the molecular formula is C4H6O5, COA of Formula: C4H6O5.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts

Petronilho, Silvia published the artcileRevealing the usefulness of aroma networks to explain wine aroma properties: a case study of Portuguese wines, Application of 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, the main research area is Arinto white Bical Baga Castelao wine aroma network; aroma network; aroma sensory analysis; gas chromatography; monovarietal wines; volatile compounds.

Wine aroma is the result of complex interactions between volatile compounds and non-volatile ones and individual perception phenomenon. In this work, an aroma network approach, that links volatile composition (chromatog. data) with its corresponding aroma descriptors was used to explain the wine aroma properties. This concept was applied to six monovarietal wines from Bairrada Appellation (Portugal) and used as a case study. A comprehensive determination of the wines’ volatile composition was done (71 variables, i.e., volatile components), establishing a workflow that combines extraction techniques and gas chromatog. anal. Then, a bipartite network-based approach consisting of two different nodes was built, one with 19 aroma descriptors, and the other with the corresponding volatile compound(s). To construct the aroma networks, the odor active values were calculated for each determined compound and combined with the bipartite network. Finally, the aroma network of each wine was compared with sensory descriptive anal. The anal. of the specific aroma network of each wine revealed that Sauvignon Blanc and Arinto white wines present higher fruity (esters) and sweet notes (esters and C13 norisoprenoids) than Bical wine. Sauvignon Blanc also exhibits higher toasted aromas (thiols) while Arinto and Bical wines exhibit higher flowery (C13 norisoprenoids) and herbaceous notes (thiols), resp. For red wines, sweet fruit aromas are the most abundant, especially for Touriga Nacional. Castelão and Touriga Nacional wines also present toasted aromas (thiols). Baga and Castelão wines also exhibit fusel/alc. notes (alcs.). The proposed approach establishes a chem. aroma fingerprint (aroma ID) for each type of wine, which may be further used to estimate wine aroma characteristics by projection of the volatile composition on the aroma network.

Molecules published new progress about Wine. 505-10-2 belongs to class alcohols-buliding-blocks, name is 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol, and the molecular formula is C4H10OS, Application of 3-(Methylthio)propan-1-ol.

Referemce:
Alcohol – Wikipedia,
Alcohols – Chemistry LibreTexts